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Biomedical subjects

M Kitajima

Publications and source records attributed to M Kitajima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Clinical evaluation of serum ErbB-2 protein using enzyme immuno assay (ErbB-2 EIA [Nichirei])].

The levels of ErbB-2 protein in serum samples from patients with breast cancer, other various malignant tumors, and benign diseases were determined using the sandwich EIA for clinical evaluation. In 364 healthy blood donors, cut-off values were set at 5.4 ng/ml for females and 6.5 ng/ml for males. The positive rate of primary breast cancer was 13.0% (24/185) and that of recurrent breast cancer was 51.2% (62/121). No significant correlation was found between serum levels of ErbB-2 protein and other tumor markers, such as CEA, CA 15-3, and ST 439. Measurement of ErbB-2 protein in combination with these tumor markers showed increased sensitivities. The positive rates and levels of ErbB-2 protein in sera of patients with metastasis to multiple organs were significantly higher than those in patients with metastasis to only a single organ. In postoperative follow-up of two patients with recurrent breast cancer, the levels of ErbB-2 exceeded its cut-off value a few months earlier than did the other tumor markers. These results indicate that the measurement of the ErbB-2 protein in serum is useful for the diagnosis and a monitoring the relapse of breast carcinoma.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1994

[Abnormalities and clinical characteristics of growth factors and receptor systems in breast cancer].

Recent progress in molecular biology has revealed that the proliferation of breast cancer is controlled by various growth factors and their receptors. In particular, the amplifications and products of oncogenes which code growth factors and receptors can be different indicators of clinical malignancy from the conventional prognostic factors. We investigated the relation of c-erbB-2 and int-2 gene amplification, expression, ER and EGFR with clinical characteristics. In retrospective study, the cumulative 10-year survival rate of patients with c-erbB-2 and int-2 gene amplification was significantly lower than in patients without amplification. In 72 cases with tumor diameter less than 3.0 cm, which can be an indication of breast preservation surgery, the survival rates of patients in these gene amplified groups were significantly lower than in the non-amplified groups. As for prospective study, the results were the same as those from retrospective study. These data show that the cases with these gene amplification have a high biological malignancy and high risk of recurrence to distant organs, despite the small tumor diameter.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical evaluation of ErbB-2 protein in tissue extract using an enzyme immuno assay (ErbB-2 EIA "Nichirei")].

ErB-2 protein levels in breast cancer tissue extracts were determined by an enzyme immuno assay (ErbB-2 EIA "Nichirei") using anti-c-erbB-2 monoclonal antibodies, and compared with the c-erbB-2 gene amplification detected by dot blot hybridization or differential PCR, and with the overexpression detected by immunostaining. The positivities of c-erbB-2 gene amplification and overexpression in breast cancer tissues were 25.0% (14/56) and 39.3% (46/117), respectively. The cut-off values of the Erb B-2 protein in tissue extract by EIA were set at 18.0 ng/mg-protein for gene amplification and 10.4 ng/mg-protein for overexpression, respectively, from the data of breast cancer tissues which were negative for c-erbB-2 gene. The accuracy of the ErbB-2 protein levels in tissue extract with c-erbB-2 gene amplification and overexpression were 90.6% and 79.2% using these cut-off values respectively. The result of c-erbB-2 gene amplification, overexpression, and ErbB-2 protein levels were significantly correlated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status in tissue cytosol fraction. These results indicate that measurement of ErbB-2 protein in tissue extract is useful to estimate the c-erbB-2 gene amplification and/or overexpression in breast cancer tissues.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

[An early phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) in patients with breast cancer].

An early phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel), a new anticancer agent of plant origin, was conducted in patients with breast cancer at 20 Japanese collaborative institutions. Docetaxel was administered at two or more doses of 60 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion with dose-free intervals of 3-4 weeks, and the efficacy and safety was evaluated. Of the 51 patients enrolled, 50 patients completed the scheduled course of treatment. Two patients showed a complete response (CR) and 19 showed a partial response (PR) with a response rate of 42.0%. The response rates based on the efficacy for metastatic lesions in soft tissue, liver and lung, were 46.2% (18/39), 37.5% (3/8), and 38.5% (5/13), respectively. Of the 50 patients who completed the study, 48 patients had previously been treated for the present malignancy. Forty-seven patients had previously been treated with chemotherapy and showed a response rate of 40.4% (19/47). The response rate in those who had received chemotherapy composed of anthracyclines and other agents was 44.1% (15/34). Grade 3 or more severe leukopenia and neutropenia developed in 43 patients (84.3%) and 48 patients (94.1%), respectively. Other adverse reactions which occurred in a Grade 3 or more severe form included nausea/vomiting (1 patient), anorexia (5 patients), diarrhea (4 patients), fatigue (2 patients), and alopecia (20 patients). Except for alopecia, most adverse reactions were generally transient and reversible without any specific treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of acute lung injury and coexisting disorders on plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify how plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations vary with the severity of acute lung injury. The influence of coexisting diseases which trigger acute lung injury was also examined. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty patients who had standard risk factors for acute lung injury including sepsis syndrome, major surgery, prolonged hypotension, aspiration of gastric contents, and burns. Twenty-five of these patients had acute lung injury (group 3) caused by these disorders; the remaining 25 patients had risk factors only (group 2). Ten age-matched normal volunteers were selected as controls (group 1). INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was measured in these patients and compared with the severity of acute lung injury. In group 3, a significant increase in the mean plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was observed (188 +/- 78 pg/mL, p < .01) compared with group 2 (54 +/- 28 pg/mL) and the age-matched control group (30 +/- 8 pg/mL). This increase was related to the onset of acute lung injury and returned to control concentrations after recovery. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in group 3 correlated highly with a lung injury score representing the severity of acute lung injury (r2 = .45, p < .01), but did not correlate with other cardiopulmonary variables. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that severity of lung injury, but not other predisposing disorders, may be the key factor leading to the increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations observed in these patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

[A case report of left limb compartment syndrome associated with laparoscopic surgery].

A 63-year-old male patient with early gastric cancer was attempted for laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach. After the introduction of anesthesia, bandage of bilateral leg was carried out to prevent deep venous thrombosis during laparoscopic surgery. Although the procedure was converted to open surgery, the bandage has been continued throughout the surgery for 6 hours. After the operation, the swelling and severe tenderness at his left leg was observed. MRI revealed remarkable edema in left deep posterior compartment. Under diagnosis of left limb compartment syndrome, fasciotomy was carried out. Postoperatively the patient did well without any functional disturbance.

Bandages↗
PubMed1994

Reconstruction of anal function by transposed gracilis muscle with electrical stimulation: rabbit model.

For the reconstruction of anal function for fecally incontinent patients, it could be practicable to transpose the gracilis muscle around the anal canal, with electrical stimulation to maintain contraction. It is necessary to keep continuous tonus, so tetanic contraction or "summation" would be essential for fecal continence, with a stimulation which permits prolonged contraction. Transposition of the gracilis muscle around the rectum was performed in thirteen Japanese white male rabbits. The muscles of the conditioning group (n = 8) were stimulated at 10 Hz for 6 weeks before the procedure. By stimulation at 15 Hz, a low frequency to permit prolonged contraction, the neoanal pressure increased maximally to 134.2 +/- 55.6 cmH2O (mean +/- s.d.) in the conditioning group, and to 115.0 +/- 37.1 cmH2O in the non-conditioning group (n = 5) (N.S.). But, the basal pressure with stimulation rose 82.3 +/- 12.4% (mean +/- s.d.) of the increase in the conditioning group, while that of the non-conditioning group remained at resting pressure (p < 0.001). The conditioning made it possible for the rabbit's gracilis muscle to create anal pressure with a sufficient rise in the basal pressure at a frequency permitting prolonged contraction.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1993

Increased chemiluminescence and ulcer development in the low blood flow state of the gastric tube for esophageal replacement.

Peptic ulcers in the gastric tube for esophageal replacement develop in spite of reduction of acid secretion after truncal vagotomy and often result in serious conditions such as bleeding and perforation. Thirteen cases of gastric tube ulcers were detected endoscopically from 1985 to 1990 in our hospital. Most of these ulcers developed within 20 cm of the anastomosis (esophagogastrostomy), which was an especially hypoxic and ischemic area. Ischemic change due to decreased blood supply is suggested as a causative factor in ulcer development. Recent studies indicate that chemiluminescence (ChL) activity may increase even in the low-flow hypoxic condition. Therefore, we investigated the ChL of regional blood in the hypoxic gastric tube in dogs. The ChL activity of the blood sample collected from the ischemic region in the gastric tube significantly increased after construction of the gastric tube, compared with systemic blood from the femoral vein, and the number of leukocytes decreased in the ischemic region. We believe that oxygen radicals derived from neutrophils adhering to the vascular endothelium may play an important role in the damage to endothelial cells of the gastric tube and suggest the possibility of their causative effects in the process of ulcer formations.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

Revaluation of endoscopic laser therapy for treatment of early cancer in the stomach.

The efficacy and safety of the endoscopic laser therapy for eradication of early cancer in the stomach was revaluated in fourty-eight patients. In 37 of the 42 patients (88%) treated with the laser therapy alone, the procedure was effective and the complete eradication was confirmed at the end of the follow-up period. In seven of fourteen patients with the incomplete treatment, residual cancer cells were successfully removed by repeated laser therapy. The endoscopic mucosal resection was effective in 21 of the 30 patients (70%) with the early gastric cancer. Interestingly, six of the eleven cases with incomplete treatment with the endoscopic mucosal resection underwent the laser therapy and the complete eradication was achieved in all patients. Although the endoscopic mucosal resection is now the main method for the endoscopic treatment of the early gastric cancer, these data favor offering the endoscopic laser therapy as the combined method with the mucosal resection therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Carbohydrate antigens and liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

A comparative immunohistochemical study was performed to analyse the expression of cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens by primary and metastatic lesions of colon cancer. We used monoclonal antibodies which reacted with Lea, Lex and Tn as well as their sialylated derivatives. Twenty-one primary lesions in patients without metastasis and 26 primary and metastatic lesions in patients with liver metastasis were studied. Sialyl Lea was expressed by 57% of the primary lesions of patients without metastasis, 65% of the primary lesions of patients with metastasis and 73% of their liver metastases. Sialyl Lex was expressed by 60% of the primary lesions of patients with and without metastasis as well as by approximately 80% of the liver metastases. Sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex showed strong expressions in the liver metastases, significantly greater than in the primary lesions. The findings indicate the increased expressions of sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex to be correlated with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery: a risk factor for recurrence and poor prognosis.

In order to discover the incidence of recurrence and prognosis of patients with anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery, 980 colorectal cancer patients who underwent anastomosis at Keio University Hospital between 1970 and 1990 were examined. Thirty-three patients (leakage group) out of the 980 exhibited anastomotic leakage. The incidence of local recurrence in the leakage group was significantly higher than in the no leakage group (P < 0.01). The disease-free survival rate of the leakage group was significantly lower than that of the no leakage group in Dukes' A, B patients (P < 0.01), but was not so in Dukes' C, D patients. These results suggested that anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery might enhance the incidence of local recurrence and make the prognosis poor.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Splenic abscess associated with colon cancer: a case report.

The present report describes a case of colon cancer which presented with a rare complication of splenic abscess. A 52-year-old Japanese man with diarrhea, fever and chills was admitted to our hospital. He complained of fever, with chills at night, and abdominal pain occurring during the last month. The origin of the fever was investigated, and Escherichia coli grew from a blood culture. Multilocular splenic abscesses and wall thickening of the descending colon were revealed by CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. A cancer of the descending colon was found by barium enema and colonoscopy. A curative resection was performed and the pathological report revealed the splenic abscess to have developed from a direct extension of, and perforation by, the carcinoma of the descending colon.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

[Targeting therapy using monoclonal antibody directed against growth factor receptors].

Targeting therapy is expected to be a new effective anti-cancer treatment in near future. Major advances are achieved by considerable effort in this area. Monoclonal antibodies that recognize tumour-associated antigens were conjugated to chemotherapeutic drugs, toxins and radionuclides with various procedures. To apply this new therapy for clinical use, many problems still remain to be clarified. These problems consist of human anti-mouse antibody, antigenic heterogeneity and low tumour uptake. By our experiment, growth factor receptor was an ideal target for targeting therapy and immunoconjugate directed against growth factor receptor showed selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells with expression of growth factor receptor. Moreover, cytotoxic effect was positively correlated with expression level of growth factor receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

High in vitro-in vivo correlation of drug response using sponge-gel-supported three-dimensional histoculture and the MTT end point.

The in vitro sponge-gel-supported three-dimensional histoculture chemosensitivity assay (Hoffman assay) allows the in vivo-like culture of human tumors. In this study, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) end point was applied to the Hoffman assay in an attempt to increase in vitro-in vivo correlation. The chemosensitivities of 16 human tumor lines were determined in vitro by the histoculture assay, and retrospectively correlated to their in vivo chemosensitivity as xenografts in nude mice. The in vitro test was considered to be positive if tumor-cell MTT reduction activity was lowered by more than 50%. The cutoff drug concentrations to determine sensitivity in vitro were determined for mitomycin C, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Using these cutoff drug concentrations in vitro we found, as a function of time of exposure, a strong correlation between serum drug concentrations found in nude mice given maximum tolerated doses and drug concentrations found in the histoculture media in vitro, thereby establishing a relationship between the amounts of drugs to which tumors were exposed in vivo and in vitro. The overall correlation rate of the efficacy results of the drug-response assay to in vivo chemosensitivities was 89.8%, with 90.0% true-positive and 89.7% true-negative rates, 81.7% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity, thereby indicating potential clinical use for tumor histoculture with the MTT end point.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Increased drug resistance of cultured human cancer cell lines in three-dimensional cellular growth assay using collagen gel matrix.

We have conducted a three-dimensional cellular growth assay using collagen gel matrix with an endpoint of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, on four human gastric and colonic cancer cell lines. Three-dimensionally growing cells in collagen gel matrix were 2- to 180-fold more resistant to mitomycin C, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin than those in monolayer culture, and these resistances were increased further when the cells increased their three-dimensionality. Furthermore, the influence of fibroblasts in the collagen gel matrix on the chemosensitivity of cancer cells was less than that in monolayer culture. Since this new assay using collagen gel matrix with an endpoint of the MTT assay was able to detect the increase of drug resistance of human cancer cell lines by three-dimensional cellular growth using a simple and convenient procedure, it was considered to be more useful than conventional monolayer cultures for evaluating the chemosensitivity of cancer cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Targeting cancer chemotherapy using a monoclonal antibody (NCC-LU-243) conjugated with mitomycin C.

Two kinds of immunoconjugate (T-3M and T-11M) of murine monoclonal antibody with mitomycin C (MMC) were developed using spacers containing a disulfide (T-3M) or thiocarbamate (T-11M) bond. A murine monoclonal antibody (NCC-LU-243) raised against a human small cell lung carcinoma cell line, Lu-24, in nude mice, is an IgG2a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a 145-kDa protein on the cell surface membrane. T-3M and T-11M showed affinity for the LU-243 antigen-positive H-69 cell line but not for the antigen-negative Lu-65 cell line in vitro. In the in vitro MTT assay, the order of efficacy of these compounds was T-11M > T-3M > MMC against antigen positive H-69 and T-11M = MMC > T-3M against antigen-negative K562. When antigen-positive H-69 was transplanted into nude mice for in vivo assay, the maximum tolerated dose of T-3M was twice as high than that of the parent compound MMC. Furthermore, T-3M showed higher antitumor activity against antigen-positive H-69 than MMC conjugated with a non-specific rabbit IgG in vivo. When the maximum tolerated doses of T-3M and MMC were administered to H-69-bearing nude mice, the effect of T-3M was superior to that of MMC, whereas no differences were observed between the antitumor activity of T-3M and MMC against antigen- negative MX-1, a human breast carcinoma. These two immunoconjugates of monoclonal antibody with mitomycin C are thought to be useful for targeting cancer chemotherapy against human small cell lung carcinomas.

Animals↗