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Biomedical subjects

M Kiupel

Publications and source records attributed to M Kiupel.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

West Nile virus infection in Eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger).

Since the initial outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in the northeastern United States in 1999, the virus has rapidly spread westward and southward across the USA, causing high mortality in crows as well as sporadic mortality in horses, humans, and a wide variety of birds. In 2002 the epidemic widened as hundreds of equine and human cases and sporadic cases in other mammalian species were reported. This is the first report of WNV infection in three Eastern fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). Neurologic signs included head tilt, uncoordinated movement, paralysis, and tremors. Gross lesions were absent. Microscopic lesions consisted of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation involving the brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Formalin-fixed tissues from the three squirrels were tested for WNV antigen by immunohistochemical staining and for WNV-specific RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The kidneys of all three squirrels stained positive with immunohistochemistry for WNV, whereas the brain and heart were positive in only one animal. Two of the three squirrels were positive for WNV by RT-PCR.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors.

Congenital tremors (CT) type A2 is associated with porcine circovirus (PCV) and deficient and abnormal myelin. The aim of this study was to determine the tissue distribution and genetic type of PCV in 1-2-day-old pigs with naturally occurring CT type A2 using in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and indirect fluorescent antibody tests on frozen tissue sections. CT-affected and clinically normal pigs were selected from 4 farms in the midwestern USA that were undergoing outbreaks of CT type A2. All CT and most normal pigs were infected with PCV. PCV was widely distributed in tissues of infected pigs and was most common in tissues of the central nervous system and liver. In all infected pigs, there were more PCV-infected cells in brain and spinal cord than in nonneural tissues. CT pigs had many more PCV-infected cells in the brain and spinal cord than did clinically normal pigs because of a more diffuse distribution and a larger proportion of infected cells. The cells most commonly infected with PCV in brain and spinal cord were large neurons. In nonneural tissues, macrophages were the most frequent cell type infected. PCR analysis demonstrated only PCV type 2 and not PCV type 1 in all PCV-infected pigs on all 4 farms.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Viral replication and lesions in BALB/c mice experimentally inoculated with porcine circovirus isolated from a pig with postweaning multisystemic wasting disease.

Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) and intranasally (IN) with a single (sPCV mice) or multiple (mPCV mice) doses of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Four control mice and 4 sPCV mice were sacrificed 7, 14, 28, and 42 days postinoculation (PI). All 4 mPCV mice were sacrificed 42 days PI. In addition, 7-day and 14-day pregnant BALB/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated IP and IN with a single dose of PCV2. Newborn mice were euthanatized 1, 8, and 15 days after birth. Necropsies were performed on all euthanatized mice and tissues were collected for histopathology, electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCV2 replicated in 8-week-old BALB/c mice that were inoculated with PCV2 and caused fetal infection when inoculated into pregnant BALB/c mice at 7 days and 14 days of gestation. PCV was detected by in situ hybridization and PCR in sPCV mice on days 7, 14, 28, and 42 PI; in mPCV mice on day 42 PI; and in newborn mice from mothers inoculated with PCV at 7 days and 14 days of gestation at 1, 8, and 15 days after birth, but not in control mice. No clinical signs or gross lesions were found in sPCV or mPCV mice during the study. Microscopic lesions in sPCV mice and mPCV mice were characterized by expansion of germinal centers in lymphoid organs with large numbers of histiocytic cells and lymphoblasts, apoptosis of histiocytic cells in germinal centers, and mild lymphoid depletion of the paracortex. PCV nucleic acid was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm of histiocytes and apoptotic cells in germinal centers in lymphoid tissues as well as in the nuclei of hepatocytes in the liver, in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelial cells, and in the cytoplasm of single lymphocytes in the thymus. Congenitally infected mice only had PCV nucleic acid detected in putative Kupffer cells in livers.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Three cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) due to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV 2) in Switzerland].

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV 2) was found in three five- and nine-week-old pigs from two feeder pig producer farms. Clinical signs were persistent diarrhea and wasting. The animals showed histomorphologic changes characteristic for "Postweaning Multisystemic Syndrome" (PMWS). One animal had the typical basophilic intracytoplasmatic circoviral inclusion bodies in the Peyer's patches of the ileum. Circoviral DNA was detected in the lymphatic organs as well as in the liver. This case report is the first description of PCV 2 in Switzerland.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Coronavirus-associated epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical signs and lesions and identify the etiologic agent associated with epizootic catarrhal enteritis in domestic ferrets. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 119 ferrets with epizootic diarrhea of presumed viral cause and 5 control ferrets. PROCEDURE: Clinical records and biopsy or necropsy specimens of ferrets with presumed epizootic catarrhal enteritis were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for coronavirus antigen was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues from approximately 10% of affected ferrets to identify viral antigen and determine its distribution. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on fecal samples and sections of jejunum. Virus isolation studies as well as immunofluorescent tests for other similar viruses were performed. RESULTS: Characteristic microscopic lesions consistent with intestinal coronavirus infection (vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of villus enterocytes; villus atrophy, fusion, and blunting; and lymphocytic enteritis) were consistently detected in affected ferrets. Coronavirus particles were identified in feces and jejunal enterocytes by use of transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining of jejunal sections revealed coronavirus antigens. Antigen staining was not detected in healthy ferrets or ferrets with other gastrointestinal tract diseases. Virus isolation was unsuccessful, and other similar viruses were not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results strongly implicate a coronavirus as the causative agent of epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets. Diagnosis may be made on the basis of a combination of historical, clinical, and microscopic findings.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Acute pit gas (hydrogen sulfide) poisoning in confinement cattle.

Rapid deaths in confinement cattle caused by exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas from manure pits has not been reported in the USA. In 1997, 158 cattle in 2 confinement pens were exposed to H2S gas as the manure in the pits under a slatted floor was agitated prior to pumping. Approximately 35 of the cattle were lying on the floor when the upper agitator was turned on. Within 5 minutes, many these cattle were down on their sides and paddling. Of these, 26 died within a few minutes. The survivors were treated and sent to slaughter. Cattle that did not show immediate signs of toxicosis remained clinically unaffected. Two steers that were near death were brought to the Purdue Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for clinical evaluation, euthanasia, and necropsy. They were recumbent and unresponsive to visual and auditory stimuli. Necropsy examination yielded no significant gross lesions. No evidence of viral or bacterial infection was found. Ocular fluid nitrate concentrations were within normal limits, and no lead was detected in either animal. Microscopic examination revealed lesions consistent with H2S-induced central nervous system anoxia. Histologically, sections of brain demonstrated massive, diffuse cerebral cortical laminar necrosis and edema. Portions of the outer lamina contained hypereosinophilic and shrunken neurons. The subcortical white matter was vacuolated in some areas. The history, clinical signs, and histologic lesion of cerebral laminar necrosis led to a diagnosis of H2S toxicosis in these cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Prognostic factors for treated canine malignant lymphoma.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic importance of different clinical, immunohistologic and tumor proliferation characteristics in dogs with malignant lymphoma treated with chemotherapy. From 74 dogs with malignant lymphoma at least one enlarged peripheral lymph node was taken for biopsy before chemotherapy following a standardized protocol (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, doxorubicin, and L-asparaginase). The variables evaluated as prognostic factors were age, sex, and tumor stage, as well as histomorphologic grade (Kiel classification, Working Formulation), immunophenotype (using markers for CD3 and CD79a), and cell proliferation (Ki-67, proliferation cell nuclear antigen, mitotic index, and argyrophil nucleolar organizer regions [AgNORs]) in extirpated lymph nodes. All markers were used on routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The AgNORs were assessed qualitatively, based on the AgNOR pattern distribution, and quantitatively using image analysis and routine counting. In both univariate and multivariate survival analyses, AgNORs were a valuable prognostic marker for the treatment of canine malignant lymphomas. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis longer survival time correlated with a B-cell type, a larger mean AgNOR area, a larger total AgNOR area, a shorter distance between two AgNORs, and a smaller AgNOR area to nucleus ratio. Longer disease-free survival time correlated with a smaller number of AgNORs per nucleus, a larger mean AgNOR area, a larger maximal AgNOR area, and a larger total AgNOR area. This study clearly demonstrates the additional benefit of the use of AgNORs in predicting treatment outcome in dogs with malignant lymphoma.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Ultrastructure of porcine circovirus in persistently infected PK-15 cells.

The ultrastructure of porcine circovirus was examined in persistently infected porcine kidney (PK)-15 cells. Virus-infected PK-15 cells had large numbers of intracytoplasmic inclusions, and a few cells had intranuclear inclusions. Intracytoplasmic inclusions were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm but were most numerous in the perinuclear cytoplasm. Inclusion were of various sizes, round to oval, and electron dense and were of two general types. Inclusions of the first type were small (0.1-0.5 microm diameter), not surrounded by trilaminar membranes, and granular with indistinct margins that blended with surrounding cytoplasm. Some contained 12+/-2-nm-diameter icosahedral virions in loose aggregates or rarely forming paracrystalline arrays. Small inclusions could be sites of viral assembly or maturation. Intracytoplasmic inclusions of the second type were larger (0.5-5.0 microm diameter) and more numerous and had abrupt margins surrounded by trilaminar membranes. They were more electron dense than small inclusions and were heterogeneous, containing various proportions of aggregated virions, electron-dense crystalline lamellae of 5 nm periodicity, and/or whorls of myelinoid membranes. Virions usually formed paracrystalline arrays and occasionally were loosely aggregated. Larger inclusions were typical of autophagolysosomes. Intranuclear inclusions were not membrane bound and were often associated with reticulated nucleoli or aggregates of heterochromatin. Some inclusions were irregularly shaped aggregates of indistinct, circular 10-12-nm-diameter viruslike particles. Others were 0.1-1.0 microm in diameter, round or ring shaped, dense, and finely granular, with sharply demarcated margins.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The prognostic significance of AgNOR counts and PCNA-positive cell counts in canine malignant lymphomas.

The behaviour of canine malignant lymphomas is difficult to predict on the basis of histomorphology alone, but the majority of such tumours are "high-grade" by most classifications. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts and of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cell counts in canine malignant lymphomas; and to relate the results to the histological grade (Kiel classification) and to the survival time of treated and untreated dogs. Low- and high-grade malignant lymphomas differed significantly in having mean AgNOR counts of 3.3 and 5.7 respectively. Untreated dogs with a mean AgNOR count higher than 5.5 did not survive more than 85 days; the median survival time for this group was 38.5 days. Untreated dogs with a mean AgNOR count lower than 4.0 survived at least 82 days and one dog more than 300 days; the median survival time for this group was 154 days. Treated dogs with a mean AgNOR count higher than 5.5 did not survive more than 126 days; the median survival time for this group was 73.5 days. Treated dogs with a mean AgNOR count lower than 4.0 had a median survival time of 205.5 days and one dog survived 367 days. The mean AgNOR count would seem to be a valuable prognostic marker for canine malignant lymphomas, but PCNA counts had no prognostic significance in relation to the median survival time in treated or untreated dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Circovirus-like viral associated disease in weaned pigs in Indiana.

Inclusion bodies with staining affinity and ultrastructural characteristics typical of circoviruses that stained positive for porcine circovirus (PCV)-like virus were demonstrated in association with granulomatous lesions in multiple tissues of three clinically ill 10- to 12-week-old pigs. A syndrome of poor growth and wasting in 5-15% of weaned pigs was an intermittent problem on a 450-sow one-site farrow-to-finish swine farm in Indiana. Routine diagnostic testing did not demonstrate a cause. Gross examination of three representative weaned pigs from two farrowing groups over a 1-month period revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and interstitial pneumonia. A unique microscopic finding for all three pigs was granulomatous inflammation of lymphoid tissues associated with large numbers of multinucleate giant cells and characteristic viral inclusions in the cytoplasm of macrophages. These inclusions were round, homogeneous, and magenta to basophilic, varied in size (5-25 microm), and either were single or formed botryoid clusters. Ultrastructurally, these inclusions were composed of electron-dense paracrystalline arrays of small nonenveloped icosahedral viral particles that were approximately 17 nm in diameter. The sizes and shapes of the virus particles, the unique microscopic appearance of the inclusions, and the positive staining of the intracytoplasmic viral inclusions by the Feulgen technique are consistent with circoviruses. Immunohistochemistry for PCV-like virus demonstrated viral antigen in the cytoplasm of macrophages that were within inflammatory infiltrates in a variety of organs. The described inclusion bodies stained positively.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous lacquer crack lesions in the retinopathy, globe enlarged (rge) chick.

Lacquer crack lesion (LCL), a complication of myopia in human patients, is characterized by loss of retinal pigment epithelium and breaks in Bruch's membrane. This report describes comparable lesions in the "retinopathy, globe enlarged" (rge) chick. Twenty-six birds, (nine rge/rge [affected], 12 rge/+ [carriers] and five +/+ [normal]), were examined ophthalmoscopically from hatching up to 336 days of age. Ophthalmoscopically detected fundus lesions were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Pale, linear fundus lesions were detected in both eyes of seven of the nine rge/rge chicks, from as early as 45 days of age. Histological and ultrastructural examination of four of the affected rge/rge chicks revealed areas of ruptured Bruch's membrane, with focal absence of retinal pigment epithelium. Fibroblasts covered the interface of the abnormal Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris. There was disorganization of overlying photoreceptor outer and inner segments, and thinning of inner and outer nuclear layers, while the rest of the inner retina appeared unaltered. The lesions present in rge chicks showed histological changes similar to those of LCLs described in human patients with pathological myopia. The formation of LCLs in rge chicks is probably due to stretching of Bruch's membrane secondary to abnormal globe enlargement, resulting in linear rupture of the membrane and associated changes. The rge chick may prove a useful model for human LCL formation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog.

Multiple endocrine neoplasms, including an insulinoma, bilateral adrenocortical adenocarcinomas and an aortic paraganglioma, were diagnosed after euthanasia in a 12-year-old spayed female dog of mixed breed with a history of progressive anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia, regenerative anaemia and hypoglycaemia. The clinical, gross pathological, microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings were consistent with the human syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and pathologic features of West Nile virus infection in native North American owls (Family strigidae).

Since the initial report of West Nile virus in the northeastern United States in 1999, the virus has spread rapidly westward and southward across the country. In the summer of 2002, several midwestern states reported increased cases of neurologic disease and mortality associated with West Nile virus infection in various native North American owl species. This report summarizes the clinical and pathologic findings for 13 captive and free-ranging owls. Affected species were all in the family Strigidae and included seven snowy owls (Nyctea scandiaca), four great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus), a barred owl (Strix varia), and a short-eared owl (Asio flammeus). Neurologic signs identified included head tilt, uncoordinated flight, paralysis, tremors, and seizures. Owls that died were screened for flaviviral proteins by immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed tissues, followed by specific polymerase chain reaction assay to confirm West Nile virus with fresh tissues when available. Microscopic lesions were widespread, involving brain, heart, liver, kidney, and spleen, and were typically nonsuppurative with infiltration by predominantly lymphocytes and plasma cells. Lesions in owls were much more severe than those previously reported in corvids such as crows, which are considered highly susceptible to infection and are routinely used as sentinel species for monitoring for the presence and spread of West Nile virus. This report is the first detailed description of the pathology of West Nile virus infection in Strigiformes and indicates that this bird family is susceptible to natural infection with West Nile virus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An outbreak of fowl cholera in ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus).

A total of 120 ring-necked pheasants from a 3000-bird flock in Zeeland, MI, died over a 3-day period. Clinical signs included sudden death, diarrhea, and limping. At necropsy, hepatomegaly with multifocal cream-colored foci randomly distributed throughout the parenchyma was observed in diseased birds. Additionally, the spleen was enlarged up to three times its normal size and had a marbled appearance. Microscopically, there was multifocal splenic and hepatic necrosis with intralesional rod-shaped bacteria. Pasteurlla multocida serotype 3/4 was isolated from liver and spleen. In this paper, we report an outbreak of acute fowl cholera in ring-necked pheasants.

Animals↗