PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Klamut

Publications and source records attributed to M Klamut.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Elevated breath ethane levels in active ulcerative colitis: evidence for excessive lipid peroxidation.

OBJECTIVE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be a major cause of tissue injury in ulcerative colitis (UC). One possible mechanism for ROS-mediated tissue injury is lipid peroxidation. Breath ethane and pentane excretion are noninvasive means for measuring peroxidation of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, respectively. Hence, we measured breath ethane in 17 subjects with active UC and correlated the results with disease severity. METHODS: Breath samples for ethane and pentane analysis were collected every 2 weeks, and rectal biopsies were obtained monthly to assess for chemiluminescence, a marker of ROS. Ethane and pentane concentrations (nmol/L) were measured by gas chromatography, and mucosal chemiluminescence was measured spectrophotometrically. Data were compared to control values (C) from healthy subjects. Disease activity was assessed both clinically and endoscopically. RESULTS: Ethane excretion was significantly elevated in patients (UC, 0.45 +/- 0.04; C, 0.33 +/- 0.06; p = 0.013). Ethane excretion was positively correlated with endoscopic score (r = 0.45; p < 0.05), symptom score (r = 0.34; p < 0.05), disease activity (r = 0.36, p < 0.05), and chemiluminescence (r = 0.65; p < 0.001). Pentane levels did not correlate with any of the clinical measurements. Chemiluminescence in the rectal tissue was positively correlated with endoscopic score (r = 0.71; p < 0.05) and disease activity (r = 0.61; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Tissue damage in UC may be ROS-induced lipid peroxidation. Disease activity can be assessed noninvasively by breath ethane excretion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Increased production of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence by the inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Reactive oxygen species have been implicated as mediators of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Chemiluminescence is a reliable means of estimating reactive oxygen species in biological media. Increased reactive oxygen species values in the inflamed colonic mucosa in rats were seen by chemiluminescence. The aims of the study were to find out if chemiluminescence is raised in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and correlates with disease activity, and to elucidate the sources of the chemiluminescence. It was found that reactive oxygen species, as measured by the chemiluminescence technique, are raised in inflamed colonic mucosa and correlates with symptom score, sigmoidoscopic score, disease activity, and activity of the neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase. Chemiluminescence was inhibited by a myeloperoxidase inhibitor (azide) and an H2O2 scavenger (catalase) but not by allopurinol, an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Chemiluminescence was also inhibited by indomethacin, but this did not seem to be related to inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. These findings suggest that a likely cellular source of reactive oxygen species in the inflamed colon of patients with ulcerative colitis is the neutrophil and that myeloperoxidase conversion of H2O2 to hypochlorous acid, contributes to the chemiluminescence signal and possibly, to the tissue injury. Neither cyclo-oxygenase nor lipoxygenase seem to play a part as sources for the chemiluminescence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Use of arterial embolization in treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage].

Embolization of bronchial and systemic arteries is a method of choice in treatment of pulmonary hemorrhages in patients with existing contraindications to surgical therapy. Embolization was carried out in 57 patients with pulmonary hemorrhages in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis, mycetomas, bronchiectases, malignancy, vessel malformations and post-traumatic changes. In all patients it terminated hemorrhages. During the 5 year follow-up period recurrencies were seen in 14% of the patients warranting additional embolization.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Powdered diatrizoic acid for radiography of the respiratory tract. Part II. Clinical application.

The diagnostic and clinical value of 41 examinations using insufflation and/or inhalation of powdered diatrizoic acid for tracheobronchography, tracheography, laryngography, nasopharyngography, and sinusography was investigated in 35 patients. Diatrizoic acid was found to be useful when applied by insufflation for demonstration of the nasopharynx, trachea and greater bronchi, especially in patients with airway stenosis and low pulmonary reserve. Double contrast images were obtained with good demonstration of anatomic details and adequate diagnostic value. Visualization of the peripheral bronchi by insufflation was satisfactory only when excessive secretions were not present. The inhalation method was adequate only for visualization of the trachea and main bronchi. The method was found to be safe since diatrizoic acid produced no toxic, allergic or febrile reactions and was given in relatively small amounts without impairment of respiratory function.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

Powdered diatrizoic acid for radiography of the respiratory tract. Part I. Experimental investigation.

Powdered diatrizoic acid as a contrast medium administered by inhalation and insufflation for visualization of the airways was tested in vitro and in 21 dogs. Good radiopacity of the contrast medium and its antibacterial activity was found in vitro. In the majority of animal experiments visualization of the bronchial tree down to segmental and partially to subsegmental bronchi with only minimal agglomeration of contrast medium and with good or very good demonstration of anatomic details was achieved. In the majority of dogs contrast medium was eliminated from the lungs within 18 hours. Arterial blood gases tested on 5 dogs showed only unimportant changes after contrast medium administration. No adverse reactions were observed. Histologic and ultrastructural examinations after contrast studies showed phagocytic reaction to diatrizoic acid, transient impairment of production of surfactant, reactive changes of bronchial mucosa, and no fibrotic changes in the long-term observation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Catheter embolization: parenchyma-preserving therapy of renal bleeding of nonmalignant etiology].

9 patients with life-threatening renal bleeding of non-malignant origin, including trauma, AV fistulas, pseudoaneurysms and polycystic kidneys, were embolised after angiographic demonstration of the leakage. In all cases, the bleeding was stopped and in one case only nephrectomy was necessary 3 days after the initial embolisation procedure. Transcatheter renal embolisation should be performed as selectively as possible. With this technique most of the renal parenchyma can be saved. Embolisation is a safe and inexpensive procedure which also can be performed in critically ill patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Catheter embolization of the thoracic arteries in the treatment of lung hemorrhage].

In cases of acute, life-threatening pulmonary haemorrhage, immediate angiographic localisation of the source of haemorrhage is mandatory. Instead of a surgical intervention, transcatheter angiographic therapeutic embolisation may be performed. Embolisation is an effective method with only minimal complications, in favourable contrast to the 23 to 30% mortality encountered with surgical procedures. Embolisation, therefore, should be the first procedure in patients presenting with acute pulmonary haemorrhage. It must be emphasised that in cases of chronic pleuro-pulmonary diseases bleeding occurs not only from bronchial arteries. In 64% of these cases, the bleeding artery originates from a thoracic or diaphragmatic artery. The authors were able to treat 26 of 34 pulmonary haemorrhages (76%) by transcatheter embolisation. In 4 of these patients recurrent haemorrhage was treated by transcatheter embolisation. Severe complications were not noted in any case.

Adult↗