Biomedical subjects
M Kochen
Publications and source records attributed to M Kochen.
Toward adaptive (computer-based) hospital care systems that can grow and improve as a function of user participation.
This paper describes a computer-based system that would allow doctors, patients, nurses, researchers and experts to participate in medical care in ways that will enhance the usefulness of the system, and will allow the system to grow, adapt and improve as a function of this participation.
Lyt markers on thymus cell migrants.
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Differences in susceptibility to herpes simplex virus infection of inbred strains of mice.
Marked differences were observed between the susceptibility of adult C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice to infection with HSV-1. These differences were seen after various infection schedules but were most marked after i.p. infection. A significant difference between the LD50 after i.p. infection was also observed between LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ and the closely related LPS-sensitive C3HeB/FeJ mice. Injection of LPS significantly increased the LD50 after i.p. infection with HSV in C57BL/6 or C3H/HeJ mice but not in C3HeB/FeJ mice. In vitro pretreatment with LPS was necessary to demonstrate replication of HSV in mouse spleen-cell cultures. Such replication could be demonstrated in cultures of DBA/2 and C3HeB/FeJ but not in C57BL/6 or C3H/HeJ mice.
Immunological studies of hsv-infection of resistant and susceptible inbred strains of mice.
DBA/2 mice were found to be quite susceptible to infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) while C57BL/6 mice and F1 hybrids between the 2 strains were relatively resistant. This difference was most marked after ip infection, but could also be demonstrated after intracerebral, intravenous or subcutaneous infection. In both strains the LD50 was considerably higher after ip infection than after iv infection, and a dose of X-irradiation was required to kill the mice by sc infection. A/J and BALB/c mice were equally susceptible after ip infection but differed significantly after iv infection. C57BL/6 were made susceptible to ip infection by immunosuppression with antilymphocyte serum or cyclophosphamide. LPS, when given simultaneously with HSV also markedly increased the susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice. Susceptible DBA/2 mice which surrvived a low dose of HSV ip were not immune but C57BL/6 mice surviving a high dose were immune against rechallenge. Both strains of mice could be protected by an apathogenic, tissue-culture-attenuated strain of HSV against infection with the virulent strain. They could also be protected by iv injection of a sublethal dose against a lethal ip infection.
[Vitamin B12 deficiency due to psychotically induced malnutrition (author's transl)].
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Vitamin B12 deficiency due to psychotic-induced malnutrition.
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[Changes of blood-flow properties in patients with chronic liver disease (author's transl)].
The determination of plasma viscosity in 37 patients with liver disease allowed their subdivision into three groups. Firstly, decreased viscosity (hypoviscosity) was found in patients with cirrhosis, marked portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Secondly, normal viscosity (normoviscosity) was found in patients with inactive cirrhosis without portal hypertension, and thirdly, increased viscosity (hyperviscosity) was found in patients with active cirrhosis and chronic progressive hepatitis. The concentrations of total serum protein, of fibrinogen and of IgG were found to influence plasma viscosity. A detailed differentiation revealed that increased plasma viscosity is caused by increased levels of IgG while decreased viscosity correlates with low fibrinogen levels. Furthermore a close correlation exists between plasma viscosity and the enzymatic activity of SGOT, SGPT and GLDH. In 5 patients with chronic progressive hepatitis treated with corticosteroids the plasma viscosity normalized in parallel with improvement of the hepato-cellular damage. These findings will be discussed in detail. Hyperviscosity might possibly serve as an additional parameter to characterize chronic progressive hepatitis and to indicate steroid treatment.
Hypothesis processing as a new tool to aid managers of mental health agencies in serving long-term regional interests.
Mental health planning is partly a political process, involving the articulation of the long-range interests of a regional community, formation of consensus among key people and the appropriate investment of authority, power and responsibility. Conflicts between the short-term self-interests of planners and the long-term general interest usually arise. This paper claims that it is feasible to increase the expected number of cases in which a region's longer-term interest is served without radical changes in existing planning processes or ideologies. The means for doing this are new kinds of information systems that serve planners as tools to increase their awareness about assumptions, hypotheses and problem representations. The conceptual and technological bases for developing such systems stem from progress in artificial intelligence in the direction of hypothesis-processing algorithms. The proposed application to mental health planning is described. Arguments are presented to show how the use of such tools would increase the likelihood that longer-term regional interest are served.