What are the fetal growth patterns of singletons, twins, and triplets in the United States?
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Birth Weight↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kogan
Publications and source records attributed to M Kogan.
Integrated pest management: historical perspectives and contemporary developments.
Twenty five years after its first enunciation, IPM is recognized as one of the most robust constructs to arise in the agricultural sciences during the second half of the twentieth century. The history of IPM, however, can be traced back to the late 1800s when ecology was identified as the foundation for scientific plant protection. That history, since the advent of modern organosynthetic pesticides, acquired elements of drama, intrigue, jealousy, and controversy that mark the path of many great scientific or technological achievements. Evolution of IPM followed multiple paths in several countries and reached beyond the confines of entomological sciences. Time and space constraints, however, bias this review toward entomology, among the plant protection sciences, and give it an obvious US slant, despite the global impact of IPM.
Animals↗
Variations of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the little finger.
Seventy cadaveric hands were dissected to study variations of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (FDS) to the little finger. Anatomical variations were present in 13% of hands and 10% of the hands showed an anatomical variation that would preclude independent FDS function in the little finger. The distance of the decussation from the metacarpophalangeal joint was measured. A ratio of this distance to proximal phalangeal length was calculated. The ratio indicated that decussation position was independent of phalangeal size.
Cadaver↗
Streaming conjunctiva.
BACKGROUND: Epithelial proliferation is linked with cell displacement. When a cell divides, one of its progeny replaces the dividing ancestor and the other is displaced into a more remote location that has to be vacated first by peripheral cells. As cells are neither pushed nor pulled in a mechanical sense, and since they do not move by their own means, this displacement is best regarded as streaming. The purpose of the present study was to measure epithelial cell streaming in adult rat conjunctiva. METHODS: Twenty-seven female adult rats were injected i.p. with 18.5 KBq [3H]-thymidine/g body weight, specific activity 185 GBq/mMol. Three rats were killed at different times up to 28 d. Eyes and eyelids were removed in one piece, cut along the pupillary-optic nerve line into 5-microns-thick sections, and prepared for autoradiography. In each eye, the entire upper conjunctiva extending from limbus to the palpebral muco-cutaneous junction was scanned with an ocular micrometer grid. The limbus served as point of origin. The x, y coordinate of each nucleus with two grains or more and its grain content were recorded. RESULTS: One hour after labeling, labeled cells were spread evenly along the basal layer. Cells of the upper layers were not labeled. As time passed by, labeled cells in the fornix became more abundant, while in the limbus and palpebral margin, their frequency declined. Labeled cells streamed from the limbus and palpebral muco-cutaneous junction to the fornix. Bulbar conjunctival epithelia streamed at a velocity of 13.2 microns/day. Epithelia in the palpebral conjunctiva streamed at a velocity of 11.8 microns/day. At the same time cells streamed from the basal layer to the epithelial surface at a velocity of 0.4 microns/day. Generation time was 3.9 days. CONCLUSIONS: Bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae are two independent cell kinetic systems that originate in two stem cell regions, one in the limbus and the other in the muco-cutaneous junction. Each system is made of two compartments, a progenitor where cells proliferate, and a compartment of non proliferating end cells. Progenitors created in the first, enter the second and turn into end cells. Ultimately they die in the fornix. The undetermined limbus stem cell generates two epithelial cell lines, a corneal and a conjunctival.
Animals↗
A United States national reference for fetal growth.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a current national fetal growth curve that can be used as a common reference point by researchers to facilitate investigations of the predictors and consequences of small and large for gestational age delivery. METHODS: Single live births to United States resident mothers in 1991 (n = 3,134,879) were used for the development of this curve, which was compared with four previously published fetal growth curves. Techniques were developed to address cases with implausible birth weight-gestational age combinations and to smooth fetal growth curves across gestational age categories. RESULTS: In general, the previously published fetal growth curves underestimated the 1991 United States reference curve. This underestimation is most apparent during the latter weeks of gestation, approximately 33-38 weeks. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the prevalence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) will vary markedly, depending on the fetal growth curve used. Furthermore, many previously published fetal growth curves no longer provide an up-to-date reference for describing the distribution of birth weight by gestational age and for determining FGR that is consistent with the most recent live birth data for the entire United States.
Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
Pyomyoma after uterine instrumentation. A case report.
BACKGROUND: Since 1945, only 10 cases of pyomyoma have been described in the literature. Four were related to pregnancy but none to elective abortion or uterine instrumentation. CASE: A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a history of lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and low grade fever with a past medical history significant for uterine leiomyomata and a second-trimester elective abortion 10 weeks prior to admission. Pelvic sonography demonstrated an enlarged uterus with a mass consisting of cystic and solid components. Uterine curettage revealed blood clots and scanty endometrial tissue. After no improvement following antibiotic therapy and nondiagnostic uterine curettage, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. It revealed peritonitis with multiple pyomyomas draining purulent material. CONCLUSION: Although rarely reported, pyomyoma should be considered in the setting of a recent history of uterine instrumentation, signs of infection and a uterine myoma.
Abortion, Induced↗
Use of smokeless tobacco in major-league baseball.
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Baseball↗
Elevation of thioridazine plasma levels by propranolol.
As part of a pilot study to assess the efficacy of propranolol in the treatment of aggression in psychiatric patients, drug interactions of propranolol with other agents were estimated by blood level monitoring. In the two patients taking a standard oral dose of thioridazine, the addition of propranolol caused a threefold and fivefold increase of plasma thioridazine levels, which placed them in a potentially toxic range. Although neither patient exhibited a toxic effect, these levels may be associated with an increased risk of thioridazine-induced irreversible pigmentary retinopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and tardive dyskinesia. The authors suggest precautionary monitoring of thioridazine plasma and other relevant levels and clinical assessments when thioridazine and propranolol are used in combination.
Adult↗
Lectin-induced inhibition of nerve growth factor binding by receptors of sympathetic ganglia.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) initiates a pleiotypic response in numerous tissues derived from the neural crest by binding to specific plasma membrane receptors. In sympathetic ganglia this receptor has been characterized as a highly asymmetric, minimally hydrophobic, intrinsic membrane protein with a molecular weight of 135,000 (Costrini et al., 1979b). To further characterize this moiety we assessed the effects of lectins on 125I-NGF specific binding to preparations of particulate and nonionic detergent-extracted microsomal receptors of rabbit superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), but not soybean agglutinin or Ulex europaeus 1, induced a concentration-related, carbohydrate-specific decrease in 125I-NGF binding. Following Con A exposure, 125I-NGF specific decrease in 125I-NGF binding. Following Con A exposure, 125I-NGF specific binding to particulate SCG receptors was maximally reduced to 23% of control values. WGA similarly reduced NGF binding to particulate microsomal receptors to 37% of control values. Scatchard analysis of growth factor binding following Con A exposure indicated that this lectin effect was principally due to a sixfold reduction in maximum receptor affinity. Lectin-associated impairment of NGF binding was also demonstrated by using a Triton X-100 solubilized receptor preparation. These results provide evidence that the high-affinity-state NGF receptor of SCG is a glycoprotein containing N-acetylglucosamine and alpha-D-mannopyranoside residues. These residues are probably located in close proximity to the growth factor binding region of the NGF receptor.
Animals↗
Physical properties of the detergent-extracted nerve growth factor receptor of sympathetic ganglia.
The nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor from microsomes of adult rabbit superior cervical ganglia has been solubilized with Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate. The physical properties of the detergent-extracted NGF receptor were assessed by Sepharose 6B chromatography and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies in H2O and D2O. The predominant form of the NGF receptor has a Stokes radius of 71 A, a partial specific volume of 0.74 ml/g, a sedimentation coefficient of 4.3 S, and a frictional ratio of 1.8. From these parameters, it can be calculated that the NGF receptor in Triton X-100 is a minimally hydrophobic, highly asymmetric, intrinsic membrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 135,000. A form of the receptor with a sedimentation coefficient of 10.4 S was occasionally seen which appears to represent an aggregated form of the 4.3 S moiety.
Animals↗
Radioimmunoassay of methaqualone in human urine compared with chromatographic methods.
The 125I-radioimmunoassay for methaqualone in human urine was evaluated by a comparison with newly modified gas-liquid chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic methods. The statistically significant sensitivity value for the radioimmunoassay was at 2 microgram of methaqualone per liter of urine. The coefficient of variation was 2.88 +/- 0.39% interassay and 2.71 +/- 0.16% intraassay. There was cross-reactivity only with metabolites of methaqualone, 4'-hydroxymethaqualone being twice as sensitively measured as methaqualone. There was complete agreement between results by radioimmunoassay and by gas-liquid chromatography in 96.7% of the samples analyzed. Only 1.2% of the radioimmunoassay values were false positives, and 2.1% false negatives (phi = 0.8917, P less than 0.001). Comparisons between the thin-layer chromatographic data and the gas-liquid chromatographic or radioimmunoassay data showed less agreement because of the 50- to 200-fold higher sensitivity of the latter two techniques. Gas-liquid chromatography therefore appears to represent the best reference method for the evaluation of the radioimmunoassay, which appears to be a very sensitive and reliable technique for detecting methaqualone and its metabolites in human urine.
Chromatography, Gas↗
Evaluation of the radioimmunoassay for benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite) in human urine.
The 125I-radioimmunoassay (RIA) for benzylecgonine (cocaine metabolite) in urine was evaluated by comparison with gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT). By RIA, a statistically significant concentration, 2 microng/liter, was observed for urinary benzoylecgonine. The coefficient of variation for the RIA was 2.58+/-0.38% inter-assay and 2.20+/-0.14% intraassay. There was cross-reactivity with cocaine (more reactive than benzoylecgonine) and other members of the tropane family of alkaloids. There was agreement between results by RIA and GLC in 95.5% of the samples, between RIA and TLC in 87.0%, and between RIA and EMIT in 84.5%. The percentage of true false-positives was 3.5% for the RIA in comparison to GLC, 8.8% in comparison to TLC, and 9.1% in comparison to EMIT. True false-negatives were insignificant (0 to 1.0%). GLC and RIA results correlated highly (phi=0.908). GLC, therefore, was the best comparison method for this evaluation study. RIA for benzoylecgonine is sensitive, reproducible, and reliable for the detection of cocaine in urine.
Chromatography, Gas↗