Integrated imaging of adrenal disease.
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Adenoma↗
Biomedical subjects
M Korobkin
Publications and source records attributed to M Korobkin.
CT of the extraperitoneal space: normal anatomy and fluid collections.
Knowledge of the appearance and location of the normal fascial structures surrounding the kidneys and the bladder is the key to proper CT analysis of extraperitoneal fluid collections. Recent studies have shown that the renal fascia and the perirenal space are more complex than previously recognized. An extracapsular renal hematoma, confined against the kidney by the posterior renorenal septum within the perirenal space, can entirely simulate a subcapsular hematoma. Pancreatitis fluid can dissect between the discrete layers that constitute the posterior renal fascia, allowing fluid in the anterior pararenal space to extend posterior to the kidney without directly involving the posterior pararenal space. The umbilicovesical fascia separates the small perivesical space from the potential large reservoir of the prevesical space in the extraperitoneal portion of the pelvis. Fluid in the prevesical space can communicate directly with the retroperitoneal spaces surrounding the kidney. In addition to compartmental localization, CT features of the fluid itself or the presence of ancillary findings such as aortic aneurysm, enlarged pancreas, renal mass, or hydronephrosis will frequently indicate the cause and the extent of most extraperitoneal fluid collections.
Contrast Media↗
Focal and diffuse benign hepatic disease: correlative imaging.
With the large numbers of screening CT scans and ultrasounds performed in a busy radiologic practice, it is not uncommon to discover an unexpected focal or diffuse process in the liver. When there is no history of primary malignancy, many of these lesions are benign. We discuss the variety of benign focal and diffuse diseases that can be readily imaged within the liver using ultrasound, CT, and MR.
Cysts↗
Pelvic lipomatosis: diagnosis using computed tomography.
Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare, benign disease in which the characteristic roentgenographic findings may mimic those of pelvic malignancy. In the past more than two-thirds of reported cases have been explored surgically for diagnosis. We present 2 cases to demonstrate how the definitive diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis can be made with the aid of computed tomography to avoid invasive techniques.
Adult↗
Computed tomography of the hepatobiliary system.
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Bile Duct Diseases↗
The relation of liver fat to computed tomography numbers: a preliminary experimental study in rabbits.
The relation of liver fat content to CT number was studied in 20 rabbits (17 experimental, 3 control), where fatty degeneration was produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) ingestion. Liver scanning was performed before and 2--5 days after CCl4 administration.. Changes (decrease) in CT number were compared with triglyceride (TG), water, and protein content of resected livers. A decrease of 12--20 CT numbers (24--40 H) reflected a TG concentration of 20--40 mg/g.
Animals↗
Computed tomography of focal hepatic lesions: a blind clinical evaluation of the effect of contrast enhancement.
Hepatic CT scans in 61 consecutive patients with proved liver metastasis performed both before and after administration of contrast medium were subjected to blind analysis by two observers. In 10 patients (16%) hepatic lesions were better defined before CE and focal hepatic lesions were diagnostically visible only before CE in 8 patients (13%). Lesions were better defined following CE in 16 patients (26%) but in only 2 cases (3%) were lesions diagnostically visible only after CE. The majority of lesions [35 (58%)] were equally well visualized before and after CE.
Contrast Media↗
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal disease.
A series of 63 patients with suspected adrenal disease was evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In 15 additional patients CT diagnosed unsuspected adrenal disease. The CT results were correlated with surgical, postmortem, or compelling clinical data. In those patients with adequate visualization of both adrenals, CT correctly identified all adrenal masses subsequently proven at surgery or postmortem examination. CT accurately predicted the presence or absence of a unilateral adrenal neoplasm in patients with Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism. Unsuspected primary or metastatic neoplasms of the adrenals were occasionally detected in patients scanned for other reasons. CT is a safe and accurate method of evaluating patients with suspected adrenal disease.
Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
Carcinoma of the tail of the pancreas: an unusual CT appearance.
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Adult↗
Intraabdominal abscess: current concepts in radiologic evaluation.
Forty patients with suspected abdominal abscess had computed tomography (CT) and plain film examinations; 15 also had ultrasound study. CT was found to be the most consistently accurate examination, both for the detection of abscess and evaluation of its extent. Ultrasound was positive in a high percentage of cases in which it was used. Although plain films correctly suggested the presence of an abscess in over half the proven cases, confirmatory evidence from CT or ultrasound was often required to persuade clinicians of the presence of an abscess and to provide detailed information regarding its extent and configuration.
Abscess↗
CT of the esophagus. II. Carcinoma.
Thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed prior to treatment on 30 patients with proven carcinoma of the esophagus. Operative, bronchoscopic, and/or autopsy data were reviewed and showed that CT correctly identified the extent of medistinal spread in 27 patients and intraabdominal metastases in 22 patients. The ability of CT to reliably predict the extent of disease should help the surgeon and radiation oncologist plan optimal therapy.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
Computed tomography of the pelvis and retroperitoneum.
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Abscess↗
CT scanning and ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic pseudocysts: a preliminary comparison.
A retrospective review of 12 surgically proved cases of pancreatic pseudocyst was performed. CT correctly demonstrated 6/8 uncomplicated pseudocysts and 4/4 infected pseudocysts. Ultrasound identified 7/8 uncomplicated and 2/4 infected pseudocysts. Errors by one modality are due to limitations not shared by the other method. This suggests a basis for the complementary use of CT scanning and ultrasound in the evaluation of suspected pancreatic pseudocysts.
Adult↗
Computed tomographic evaluation of the diaphragmatic crura.
The diaphragmatic crura have a variable appearance on CT body scans. They can at times appear quite prominent and be easily confused with other anatomical or pathological structures. Analysis of the CT scans of 100 patients revealed certain characteristic features of the diagphragmatic crura that help distinguish them from other structures, especially enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes.
Diaphragm↗
The effect of gastrografin and glucagon on CT scanning of the pancreas: a blind clinical trial.
The effect of Gastrografin and glucagon on pancreatic CT scanning was studied in a blind clinical trial. Twenty-five patients had a pancreatic CT scan performed on an 18-second scanner and a repeat pancreatic CT scan following administration of Gastrografin and glucagon. The results were statistically significant: decreased streak artifacts; improved pancreatic head, body and tail delineation; and improved overall pancreatic visualization. Gastrografin-glucagon administration is recommended prior to pancreatic CT scanning if the scanning cycle is 18 seconds or longer.
Diatrizoate↗
Computed tomographic angiography of the body.
Large and medium-sized blood vessels can be identified on extracranial computed tomographic (CT) scans when a combination of infusion and bolus injection of conventional contrast material is administered. The cases illustrated in this report show that CT angiography can sometimes offer clinically useful information not present on CT scans obtained without contrast injection.
Angiography↗
Comparison of computed tomography, ultrasonography, and gallium-67 scanning in the evaluation of suspected abdominal abscess.
A retrospective study was made of 29 consecutive patients who were evaluated for suspected abdominal abscess by at least two of three imaging modalities: gallium-67 scanning, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. No statistically significant difference in accuracy of the findings could be demonstrated. Consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality will often indicate which to use in an individual case. Findings from the three imaging techniques sometimes provided complementary rather than identical information.
Abdomen↗
Computed tomography of subcapsular splenic hematoma. Clinical and experimental studies.
Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 3 patients and 2 dogs with subcapsular hematoma of the spleen. When fresh blood is in the subcapsular space, the hematoma may have the same attentuation value as the adjacent spleen, making it difficult to identify unless contrast material is injected. As the hematoma ages, the attenuation value decreases. CT appears to be a simple and accurate method of diagnosing a subcapsular splenic hematoma.
Adult↗