Biomedical subjects

M Koti

Publications and source records attributed to M Koti.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2025

HLA-E and NKG2A Mediate Resistance to BCG Immunotherapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the first-line therapy for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), yet many patients experience recurrence due to immune evasion. We identify HLA-E and NKG2A as mediators of adaptive resistance involving chronic activation of NK and T cells in BCG-unresponsive tumors. Prolonged IFN-γ exposure enhances HLA-E and PD-L1 expression on recurrent tumors, accompanied by the accumulation of NKG2A+ NK and CD8 T cells. HLA-Ehigh tumor cells preferentially cluster near CXCL12-rich stromal regions with dense effector cell presence, underscoring a spatially segregated tumor architecture. Although cytotoxic lymphocytes retain effector potential, their activity is restrained by HLA-E/NKG2A and PD-L1/PD-1 pathways located in their immediate neighborhood within the bladder tumor microenvironment. These data reveal a spatially organized immune escape program that limits anti-tumor immunity. Our findings support dually targeting NKG2A and PD-L1 checkpoint blockade as a rational, bladder-sparing strategy for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.

BCG-unresponsive↗

PubMed2001

Diagnosis of lumbosacral nerve root anomalies by magnetic resonance imaging.

This study evaluates the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of lumbosacral nerve root anomalies. Prevalence of anomalous nerve roots has been based on anatomic dissection or preoperative neuroradiologic investigations. Three hundred seventy-six patients with low back pain and/or radicular pain who underwent MRI of the lumbar spine were reviewed. Sixty-five cases of nerve root anomalies were found (an incidence of 17.3%) of which 1 case of cranial origin, 5 cases of caudal origin, 2 cases of conjoined nerve root, and 57 cases of furcal nerve roots (15.1%) were identified. Furcal nerve roots were most commonly found at L3 and L4 levels and were classified, according to their division, into intra-and extraforaminal. MRI provided accurate information on lumbosacral nerve root anomalies.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

Bunionette.

The bunionette, or tailor's bunion, is a painful osseous prominence on the lateral aspect of the head of the fifth metatarsal. This prominence occurs in many individuals but seldom causes symptoms. Orthotic devices may be useful if a symptomatic bunionette results from excessive pronation of the subtalar joint. Operative management to decrease the width of the foot and the osseous prominence is indicated when nonoperative treatment can no longer control symptoms and when the patient has special demands, particularly in sports. A proximal osteotomy is able to correct most deformities. A distal osteotomy is recommended if medial translation of the head for one-third of the width of the metatarsal shaft produces a normal fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Subungual glomus tumor of the hallux. A case report.

The authors report a rare case of subungual glomus tumor in the right hallux, which was excised with complete relief of symptoms. They provide a brief description of histological features and review the literature.

Adult↗