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Biomedical subjects

M Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to M Kramer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Cyclosporine inhibits renal uric acid transport in renal transplants not in children treated for nephrotic syndrome.

Children with various grades of renal insufficiency (CON group) maintained uric acid excretion over a range of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from 27 to 160 ml/min*1.73m2 despite a decreased filtered load which was paralleled by glomerular filtration of uric acid. This was achieved by a compensatory decrease of net uric acid reabsorption (TUA) and an increasing fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) with decreasing GFR. Although there was a decreased GFR in the group of children after transplantation (NTx group) there was no difference in TUA and FEUA between the NTx group and the CON group. Uric acid transport was not affected in children treated with Cyclosporine (CyA) for nephrotic syndrome (NEPH group) compared to the CON group. Decreased fractional phosphate reabsorption in the NTx group suggests proximal tubule damage associated with disturbed uric acid handling. Under conditions of water diuresis hyperuricemia seen in NTx may result from an indirect effect of renal ischemic damage due to the transplantation procedure causing disturbance of proximal tubular uric acid (active) secretion/reabsorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Determining guidelines for metals in children's playgrounds in North Rhine-Westphalia].

In 1990, the State of North-Rhine-Westphalia established an ordinance on the quality of playground soil and sand. This ordinance includes guideline values for toxic metals (arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium) in playground soil not covered by vegetation and quality standards for sand to be applied on playgrounds. Additionally guideline values were set for mercury, nickel and thallium. The guideline values include two categories: guideline value I represents the upper limits (95-percentiles) of the background levels of toxic metals generally found in upper soil layers in the State of North-Rhine-Westphalia. Guideline values II ("action levels") were selected on the basis of toxicological considerations. In cases where concentrations of metals above these guideline values are detected, immediate actions (urgent redevelopment measures) are required. Quality standards for playground sand were established to ensure that only noncontaminated sand is applied for playgrounds.

Child↗
PubMed1990

The magnet hospitals. Excellence revisited.

This article reported on a 1989 telephone and statistical/demographic survey study of 16 magnet hospitals, which were identified in 1982 and studied intensively in 1986. Trends and patterns, many of which were just becoming evident in 1986 were found to be well established in 1989. With very limited or no nursing shortage, these hospitals engaged in a variety of innovative and challenging programs. As a group, they continue to display evidence of cultures of excellence and give every evidence of continuing leadership in working out creative and successful solutions to today's problems in nursing.

Hospitals↗
PubMed1989

Health and mental health problems of homeless men and women in Baltimore.

A study of homeless people in Baltimore, Md, focused on their health and other characteristics, with special emphasis on their needs for services. In the first stage, 298 men and 230 women were randomly selected from the missions, shelters, and jail in Baltimore to respond to a baseline interview that provided extensive sociodemographic and health-related data. In the second stage, a subsample of 203 subjects was randomly selected from the baseline survey respondents to have systematic psychiatric and physical examinations. Data are presented from both stages. Data from the first stage demonstrate, among other things, the high levels of disaffiliation of this population and their heavy involvement in substance abuse. Data from the clinical examinations demonstrate the high prevalence of mental illnesses and other psychiatric disorders and of a wide range of physical disorders and confirm the high prevalence of alcohol abuse disorders. The high rates of comorbidity of these conditions is demonstrated and data are provided on the subjects' needs for mental health and substance abuse services.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Simple three-dimensional imaging of HRP-labelled neurons with the aid of an image processor.

A method is described for visualizing the three-dimensional structure of horseradish peroxidase-labelled neurons in the central nervous system of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. The reconstruction is simple, and performed on a commercially available image processing system. Minimal operational skill is required for using this method. Also, various improvements were made where user's simplicity (user-friendliness), speed and required computer memory are concerned. In addition, the excellent properties of the IBAS II system, such as image filtering and image editing functions are fully available, offering a fast, clean and complete final image reconstruction.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

The incidence of specific DIS/DSM-III mental disorders: data from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program.

Incidence data are presented for the 7 most frequent specific categories of mental disorder available in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program (major depressive disorder; panic disorder; phobic disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder; drug abuse/dependence; alcohol abuse/dependence; cognitive impairment). The DSM-III case definitions in the ECA Program are according to the implementation of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Rates of incidence are presented specific for age, sex, and site, and pooled smoothed curves for the relationship of age to incidence, specific for sex are shown. The 7 disorders have distinctly different relationships to sex and age of onset.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The management of HIV infection in state psychiatric hospitals.

Patients with AIDS and related illnesses are entering state mental hospitals in increasing numbers. State hospitals in New York City generally did not plan for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) until the first patient appeared; however, over the past five years, approaches to managing these patients have evolved in the areas of admission policies, in-hospital care, and discharge planning. Strengthening infection control procedures through the adoption of universal precautions was the most straightforward aspect of in-hospital care. Testing for HIV and confidentiality of the test results proved most controversial. Clinical leaders urged that testing be done only with pre- and posttest counseling and only if the patient has symptoms of HIV infection, has requested the test, or has exposed others to infection. The authors describe these and other policies addressing medical care, restraint and seclusion, sexual behavior, and education and training.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Clinical presentations of AIDS and HIV infection in state psychiatric facilities.

The epidemiologic, neuropsychiatric, and medical data on AIDS and HIV infection that are relevant to state psychiatric facilities are reviewed. The epidemiologic data suggest that a larger than expected number of AIDS patients may be seen in these facilities. Patients who are severely disturbed and psychotic may present to state hospitals with HIV encephalopathy. In patients who are chronically and severely ill, physical symptoms, including oral and cutaneous conditions, the HIV wasting syndrome, and lymphadenopathy, may provide early clues to HIV infection. The early neuropsychiatric and medical findings in HIV infection are discussed, and a clinical case is presented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Mental health for all in Latin America and the Caribbean. Epidemiologic bases for action].

The aim of this study was to estimate the needs for mental health services in Latin America and the Caribbean by the year 2000. Two types of data were used: statistics on mortality due to psychosocial and psychopathological causes, and data on psychiatric morbidity which were extrapolated from a study on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico. As a result of a rise in the prevalence of certain psychiatric disorders that lead to death, particularly those that involve violence, it is predicted that gross mortality from these causes will increase by 11.2% between 1985 and the year 2000. Parallel to this trend will be an increase in the number of years of potential life lost. In addition, it is estimated that 88.3 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean will suffer specific psychiatric disorders. This figure represents an increase of 48.1% over 1985. There will also be a rise in the gross prevalence figures for this group of disorders. There is no question that the predicted population growth differential will have a serious impact on the demand for mental health services. The worsening of socioeconomic conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean, coupled with other social factors, may cause the increases to be even greater. Health authorities, administrators, planners, and professionals will need to allow for this increased demand for services if the goal of mental health for all is to be attained by the year 2000.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Based on five Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites.

One-month prevalence results were determined from 18,571 persons interviewed in the first-wave community samples of all five sites that constituted the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. US population estimates, based on combined site data, were that 15.4% of the population 18 years of age and over fulfilled criteria for at least one alcohol, drug abuse, or other mental disorder during the period one month before interview. Higher prevalence rates of most mental disorders were found among younger people (less than age 45 years), with the exception of severe cognitive impairments. Men had higher rates of substance abuse and antisocial personality, whereas women had higher rates of affective, anxiety, and somatization disorders. When restricted to the diagnostic categories covered in international studies based on the Present State Examination, results fell within the range reported for European and Australian studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Antigenic variability of Borrelia burgdorferi.

Borrelia burgdorferi strains (six isolates from North America and 28 isolates from Europe) were analyzed by physicochemical and immunological methods. By SDS-PAGE, all Borrelia burgdorferi strains tested had two major proteins with constant molecular weights of 60 and 41 kDa and one, two, or three variable low molecular weight proteins (OspA = 30-32 kDa, OspB = 34-36 kDa, pC = 21-22 kDa). All combinations--except OspB alone or OspB/pC--were observed. Borrelia burgdorferi strains were different from relapsing fever borreliae by strong reactivity with OspA- and/or pC-specific polyclonal antibodies, whereas relapsing fever borreliae were only weakly reactive. Among 25 Borrelia burgdorferi isolates, seven different serotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi were defined according to their reactivity in the Western blot with three monoclonal OspA-specific antibodies (H5332, H3TS, and LA5), four OspA- or OspB-specific polyclonal antibodies, and 12 polyclonal antibodies against whole borreliae. Antigenic differences between European CSF and skin isolates were observed, all skin isolates (n = 11) belonging to serotype 2 in contrast to only two out of seven CSF isolates. CSF isolates were antigenically heterogenous (serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Serotypes 6 and 7 were represented by two tick isolates, and the other European tick isolates are not yet fully characterized. Antigenic differences between European and North American strains may play a role in differences in the clinical picture of Lyme borreliosis.

Antigens↗