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Biomedical subjects

M Krauss

Publications and source records attributed to M Krauss.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[The quantitative determination of the protein content of milk by means of violet spectral photometry. 7. The milk analyzer MAG 100 (Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH)--a possibility for simultaneous measurement of protein and fat content in raw milk at the dairy farm].

A new analysing apparatus is introduced, which allows to measure protein and fat contents of milk in the dairy farm. The instrument works on the basis of ultraviolet spectral photometry. Before measuring the milk sample must be diluted with a hydrous detergent solution in the ratio 1:100 and then homogenized. Accuracy and precision of the analytic results are influenced by detergent type, the water quality of detergent solution, the detergent foam, the air content and the pH of detergent solution, the reliability of homogenizer and thermostating system, the stability of photometer and by the error of dosage. Also a milk standard was developed, which is required for daily calibration of the apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

FK 506 versus cyclosporin in the prevention of renal allograft rejection--European pilot study: six-week results.

FK 506 was compared with cyclosporin in a randomised trial in good-risk cadaveric renal transplant recipients. The objective was to evaluate whether oral FK 506 dosing was viable and whether blood concentrations in the range 10-20 ng/ml would prove to be practical. Thirty-one adult patients were randomised to FK 506 and 16 to cyclosporin. Both groups received an identical regimen of azathioprine and corticosteroids. Serum creatinine concentrations decreased rapidly in both groups with mean values below 200 mumol/l within 2 weeks. One graft in the cyclosporin group was lost due to renal vein thrombosis. During the 6-week study period, 19.4% of patients on FK 506 and 31.3% on cyclosporin experienced acute rejection. One patient in each group experienced corticosteroid-resistant rejection that responded to anti-lymphocyte therapy. Infections were reported in 51.6% of the FK 506 group compared with 37.5% of the cyclosporin group. The spectrum of adverse events was similar in both groups. However, minor neurological disorders were more common in the FK 506 group (54.8% versus 6.3%) whereas hypertension was less common (48.8% versus 75.0%). The results indicate that oral FK 506 rapidly achieves therapeutic blood concentrations and is an effective immunosuppressant for the initial treatment of renal allograft recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effective fragment potentials and spectroscopy at enzyme active sites.

Spectroscopy at a biochemical active site is influenced by local fields and hydrogen-bonds. Quantum calculations of the electronic structure of the entire biomolecule is, of course, impossible, but the chemical system can be modeled by dividing it into an active region (A) described quantum mechanically, and a spectator region (S) that influences A with strong fields and hydrogen-bonds. The all-electron interaction between A and S is replaced by an effective fragment potential (EFP) which represents the interaction as electrostatic, polarization and exchange repulsion terms. The EFP are derived entirely by ab initio model calculations of the S electronic properties and interactions and have been implemented in the quantum chemistry code, GAMESS. Spectroscopic analysis of enzyme active sites using the EFP will examine rhodanese and glutathione bound to glutathione S-transferase. The effect of specific hydrogen-bonds and local helices on spectral shifts is determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Late results of the surgical treatment of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate: soft tissue characteristics.

Sixty-one UCLP patients at 17-20 years of age treated in childhood by the same surgeon (Krauss) were invited for check-up examination to evaluate the late results of the surgical treatment. In the patients, the cleft lip was closed by a modified Le Mesurier procedure at 6-9 months of age and the cleft palate by a modified Veau procedure at 3-4 years of age. The "normal face" appearance showed 69% of the patients. More than one third of the population had successfully corrected nose deformities after the primary operation. In the most cases, the lip was also restored satisfactorily during the first treatment. Regular border between the lip and vermilion was observed in 62% of cases. The correct shape of hard palate was also found in 62% of the patients. The soft palate was well reconstructed in 92% of cases. In the most cases (95%), the speech was correct although the cleft palate was closed relatively late. The late results of the treatment can be considered satisfactory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Binding of cis(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) and its derivatives to duplex DNA.

A theoretical study is presented for the binding of RR, SS, SR, and RS isomers 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DAC) or cis-PtII(DAC) to DNA. cis-PtII(DAC) is ligated to N7(G) on two adjacent intrastrand guanine bases in a kinked pentamer duplex of DNA (AT, CG*, CG*, GC, AT). The relative stability of the complexes is determined by calculating the relative conformational energy of the cis-PtII(DAC)(DNA) complexes with molecular mechanics (MM) and the intrinsic binding or ligation energy with quantum mechanics (QM). The results suggest that the RR and SS isomers of PtII(DAC) adducts with DNA are more stable than the SR/RS isomer by 1.7 kcal/mol relative to the cis-PtII(DAC(H2O)2 aquated species. Calculations on the overall stability of these isomers show that the SS and RR isomers are 6.5-8.2 kcal/mol more stable than the SR/RS isomers when bound to DNA, and this is attributed to differences in the strain energy in the DAC rings. The theoretical analyses of these compounds correlate a small differential activity with the trend in intrinsic binding energies. The RR isomer is more active in B16 melanoma cells, and the SS is most active in L1210 leukemia, and in general the RR and SS isomers are more active than the SR and RS in most cell types. The fact that the activity is DNA dependent suggests that excision or repair mechanisms may be taking place and that additional mechanistic steps beyond molecular modeling and quantum mechanical calculations are required to fully understand the activity. These studies of molecular fit of cis-PtII(DAC) to DNA are used to suggest substituted DAC compounds that may yield similar binding characteristics. Modifications to yield DAC derivatives are recommended in anticipation that they may also exhibit activity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for recurrent otitis media].

The efficacy of cefaclor and of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in the management of recurrent otitis media was evaluated in a randomized single-blind controlled trial. The median age of the patients was 12 months (range 5-37); there were 37 boys and 19 girls. All had received 1 or more courses of antibacterials for acute otitis media in the previous 2-3 weeks. 27 were treated with oral cefaclor suspension, 40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses, and 29 with 1 mg/kg/day of TMP-SMX (trimethoprim 8 mg, sulfamethoxazole 40 mg) in 2 divided doses, each group for 10 days. 70% of the cefaclor group and 90% of the TMP-SMX group were cured after the 10 days of therapy (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05). Results were not better on the 21st day as compared with the 10th. Our data indicate a mild preference for TMP-SMX (although p was not less than 0.05), since it needs to be given only twice a day and costs less than cefaclor.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Molecular and genetic analysis of an embryonic gene, DC 8, from Daucus carota L.

To understand the morphogenetic and physiological processes occurring during plant embryogenesis, we isolated cDNA clones homologous to genes preferentially expressed during somatic embryogenesis. One of these cDNA clones detected an embryo-specific mRNA species with a corresponding protein of 66 kDa. The expression pattern of the mRNA is similar between somatic and zygotic embryos of carrots. To characterize the gene encoding this mRNA, we isolated the corresponding genomic clones. Molecular analysis of the DNA from several haploid and diploid carrots showed that the mRNA was encoded by a single copy gene, named DC 8. DNA sequence analysis showed that the gene consisted of three exons and coded for a hydrophilic protein with a central region composed of 17 repeats. At the NH2-terminus no typical signal sequence was found. Immunocytochemical analysis localized the protein primarily in the vacuoles and protein bodies of zygotic embryos; the cytoplasm showed some antibody staining. The protein was also found in cell walls of endosperm tissue. The amount of DC 8 protein was too low for it to be categorized as a seed storage protein; its role in embryo-genesis remains to be determined.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Knowledge management as a decision support method: a diagnostic workup strategy application.

We have explored the potential of a computer-based approach called "knowledge management" to aid in clinical problem solving and education. The major features of the approach are its ability to support flexible and immediate access by a user to relevant knowledge and annotation and organization of the knowledge for personal use and subsequent retrieval. We illustrate this approach with its application to diagnostic workup strategy problems. In this application, knowledge may be in the form of static narrative text, diagrams, pictures, graphs, tables, flow charts, or bibliographic citations. Other more dynamic forms of knowledge may be the result of simulations, "what if" analyses or modeling, quantitative mathematical or statistical calculation, or heuristic inference. User assessment has demonstrated the system's ease of use and user perception of its desirability, but underscores the need for a "critical mass" of knowledge before such an approach will be widely utilized.

Decision Support Techniques↗
PubMed1989

[Determining the diagnosis--tumor of the kidney pelvis--using sonography].

The advantages and deficiencies of diagnostic imaging procedures especially of ultrasonography in the diagnostics of solid masses in the renal collecting system are presented. The intravenous urography is important as basic examination, but ultrasonography is valuable for additional information especially in the non-functioning kidney. A tumor could identified in the renal collecting system if its size is greater than 10 mm.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis of perforation of the kidney pelvis using sonography].

In a case report the diagnostics of a perforation of the renal pelvis using ultrasound is presented. Spontaneous urinary extravasations of the renal pelvis may appear in a previously diseased urinary tract also without the diuretic effect of contrast media. The ultrasound examination show the perirenal fluid collections and the diagnosis of spontaneous perforation of the renal pelvis is stated together with the clinical course.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Intraocular injection of lidocaine.

Lidocaine was inadvertently injected intraocularly in three patients. In the one patient who had not received prior mydriatics, the drug caused immediate dilation and paralysis of the pupil and diminished visual acuity to counting fingers. Retinal function began to improve after four hours and both retinal and pupillary function recovered completely by 16 hours. A second patient also recovered completely. The third patient developed a permanent field defect. The effects of intraocular lidocaine were then studied in an animal model. Lidocaine temporarily paralyzed the pupil in mydriasis and temporarily extinguished the b-wave of the electroretinogram. Light and electron microscopy study of the retina revealed no damage beyond that at the perforation site.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A theoretical model for the binding of cis-Pt(NH3)2(+2) to DNA.

The binding of cis-Pt(NH3)2B1B2 to the bases B1 and B2, i.e., guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and thymine (T), of DNA is studied theoretically. The components of the binding are analyzed and a model structure is proposed for the intrastrand binding to the dB1pdB2 sequence of a kinked double helical DNA. Quantum mechanical calculations of the ligand binding energy indicates that cis-Pt(NH3)2(+2) (cis-PDA) binds to N7(G), N3(C), O2(C), O6(G), N3(A), N7(A), O4(T) and O2(T) in order of decreasing binding energy. Conformational analysis provides structures of kinked DNA in which adjacent bases chelate to cis-PDA. Only bending toward the major groove allows the construction of acceptable square planar complexes. Examples are presented for kinks of -70 degrees and -40 degrees at the receptor site to orient the base pairs for ligand binding to B1 and B2 to form a nearly square planar complex. The energies for complex formation of cis-PDA to the various intra-strand base sites in double stranded DNA are estimated. At least 32 kcal/mole separates the energetically favorable dGpdG.cis-PDA chelate from the dCpdG.cis-PDA chelate. All other possible chelate structures are much higher in energy which correlates with their lack of observation in competition with the preferred dGpdG chelate. The second most favorable ligand energy occurs with N3(C). A novel binding site involving dC(N3)pdG(N7) is examined. Denaturation can result in an anti----syn rotation of C about its glycosidic bond to place N3(C) in the major groove for intrastrand binding in duplex DNA. This novel intrastrand dCpdG complex and the most favored dGpdG structure are illustrated with stereographic projections.

Base Sequence↗