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Biomedical subjects

M Kuczera

Publications and source records attributed to M Kuczera.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Atrial natriuretic peptide and arginine-vasopressin secretion in patients with active renal stone disease.

The pathogenesis of active renal stone disease (ARSD) is still not fully elucidated. In the present study the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) as potential pathogenetic factors in ARSD were examined. Thirty patients with ARSD and 21 healthy subjects (HS) were examined both under bed rest (BR) and head-out water immersion (WI) conditions. Serum concentrations of electrolytes (Na, Ca, Mg), ANP and AVP were assessed before (0'), and after 60 and 120 minutes of BR or WI, respectively. Urinary excretions of Na, Ca, Mg, and oxalates were also estimated during BR and WI. Patients with ARSD showed higher basal plasma levels of ANP and a greater response of ANP secretion, but a lower suppression of plasma AVP to WI induced hypervolaemia as compared with the controls. In addition, in patients with ARSD the physiological relationship between plasma AVP concentration and urinary excretion of Ca and Mg (positive correlation), between plasma ANP level and urinary excretion of Ca and Mg (negative correlation), and between plasma ANP and AVP concentration (negative correlation), respectively, were absent. In addition, patients with ARSD showed a positive correlation between plasma ANP and urinary oxalate excretion. From the results obtained in this study we conclude that both AVP and ANP may be involved in the pathogenesis of ARSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in renal venous blood serum of patients with renovascular hypertension caused by unilateral renal artery stenosis].

UNLABELLED: Functionally significant, unilateral renal artery stenosis is characterized by reduced renal perfusion and lateralization of both excretory and endocrine function. The present study aimed to assess the influence of unilateral renal artery stenosis on plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 level. In sixteen patients (10 males and 6 females) with unilateral renovascular hypertension blood samples for estimation of plasma renin activity (PRA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration were withdrawn from the renal vein of the ischaemic and normal kidney, from the femoral artery and from the vena cava inferior distally to the orifices of renal veins. Significantly elevated PRA (20.1 +/- 4.52 ng/ml/h vs 6.0 +/- 1.76 ng/ml/h, p < 0.005) but significantly reduced level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (99.25 +/- 4.8 pmol/l vs 115.75 +/- 6.7 pmol/l, p < 0.05) were found in renal vein blood of the ischaemic kidney as compared with the respective values of the normal kidney. No significant correlation was found between PRA and 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 irrespective of the site of blood withdrawal. CONCLUSION: Renal ischaemia seems to exert a suppressive effect on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis by the kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Markers of bone turnover in patients with nephrolithiasis.

A total of 19 patients with active nephrolithiasis, 14 patients with non-active nephrolithiasis and 17 healthy subjects were examined under standardized intake of calcium, phosphorus, purine and protein. In patients with both active and non-active renal stone disease the following abnormalities were found: elevated plasma levels of PTH and osteocalcin, increased activity of the bone isozyme of alkaline phosphatase, low plasma levels of phosphate and increased urinary excretion of calcium and oxalic acid. These abnormalities were more marked in patients with active than non-active nephrolithiasis. No correlation was found between plasma PTH levels and parameters of bone turnover as well as calciuria and oxaluria. Results presented in this paper suggest that (a) Smith's criteria of active renal stone disease are of minor pathogenetic and therapeutic value and (b) patients with active nephrolithiasis differ from non-active renal stone formers by more elevated oxaluria and markers of bone turnover and more marked abnormalities in calcium-phosphate metabolism related parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Level of vasopressin in renal venous blood of patients with renovascular hypertension due to unilateral stenosis of renal arteries].

UNLABELLED: Assessment of plasma renin activity (PRA) in renal vein blood is used in the diagnosis of unilateral renovascular hypertension (URVH). Recently also other markers of renal ischaemia (atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenalin, nonadrenaline and dopamine) have been described. The present study aimed to assess renal handling of vasopressin (AVP) by the ischaemic kidney in patients with URVH. In 16 patients with URVH, PRA and AVP were estimated in renal vein blood of the ischemic (IK) and non-ischemic kidney (NK), in arterial blood (A) and in blood samples withdrawn from the inferior vena cava (VCI) below the orifices of the renal veins. In contrast to PRA no significant difference between plasma levels of AVP in renal vein blood of the ischaemic and non-ischaemic kidney was noticed (4.8 +/- 0.9 pg/ml vs 5.1 +/- 0.8 pg/ml respectively). CONCLUSION: Chronic hypoperfusion of the kidney does not influence renal handling of AVP in patients with URVH. Thus assessment of AVP in renal vein blood in these patients is deprived of diagnostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of spa therapy on the endocrine system. I. Stress reaction hormones].

UNLABELLED: The present study aimed to assess a.) the influence of spa treatment in Wysowa on the circadian rhythm of plasma concentration of ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin, and b.) the influence of kind of pathology on the hormonal profile of the above mentioned hormones. Four groups of patients were examined. The first one comprised 48 patients with essential hypertension, the second one--47 patients with inflammatory renal disease with normal excretory renal function, the third one--39 patients with gastrointestinal diseases and cholelithiasis and the fourth one--41 patients with neurovegetative neurosis. The hormonal parameters were assessed during a clinical check-up, and after 4 and 20 days of spa therapy in Wysowa respectively. In all examined groups spa treatment was accompanied by a significant increase of serum concentrations of all examined hormones. Spa treatment did not influence the circadian rhythm of ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin plasma concentration in all examined groups of patients. CONCLUSION: spa therapy shows a marked influence on secretion of "stress" hormones, but does not influence the circadian rhythm of plasma concentration of these compounds.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1996

[The influence of spa therapy on the endocrine system. II. Erythropoietin].

UNLABELLED: The stimulatory effect of spa therapy on erythropoiesis is well documented. The present study aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of this effect. The influence of spa therapy on plasma erythropoietin and erythropoiesis was studied in four groups of patients: 35 patients with essential hypertension, 35 patients with inflammatory renal diseases at a stabilized stage and normal excretory renal function. 25 patients with gastrointestinal pathology or cholelithiasis and 33 patients with neurovegetative neurosis. Spa therapy for 20 days in Wysowa was accompanied by a significant increase of plasma erythropoietin, iron, ferritin and saturation of transferrin with iron and by an increase of blood haemoglobin and haematocrit value. These alterations were especially marked in patients with essential hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Spa therapy exerts a stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis caused, among other factors, by increased erythropoietin secretion and iron mobilization. 2. This stimulatory effect is especially marked in patients with essential hypertension.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1996

[Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with active renal stone disease].

The role of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in Na and water metabolism is well recognized. Much less known is the physiological importance of ANP in the metabolism of other electrolytes e.g. calcium and magnesium, which are presumably involved in the pathogenesis of active renal stone disease (ARSD). The present study aimed to assess the potential role of ANP in the pathogenesis of ARSD. Two groups of subjects were examined. The first one comprised 30 patients with ARSD (diagnosed according to Smith's criteria) while the second one consisted of 21 healthy subjects. Both groups were studied under bed rest (BR) and water immersion (IW) conditions. The examined groups were not different by age, sex, serum electrolyte profile (Na, Ca, Mg) and urinary excretion of Na, Ca, Mg and oxalic acid. Patients with ARSD showed significantly higher basal level of ANP and a significantly higher response of ANP secretion to IW as normals. In spite of this abnormality, patients with ARSD showed a similar increase in water, Na, Ca, Mg and oxalic acid excretion stimulated by IW as compared with normals. In contrast to healthy subjects, patients with ARSD showed no significant correlation between serum ANP levels and urinary excretion of Na, Ca and Mg. In addition, only patients with ARSD showed a significant positive correlation between serum ANP and urinary excretion of oxalic acid during WI. Results obtained in this study suggest, that ANP may be involved in the pathogenesis of ARSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Behavior of sex hormone and gonadotropin secretion in men with active nephrolithiasis].

Urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and oxalate in the condition of low-calcium diet, and the secretion of LH, FSH, testosterone and estradiol following LH-RH stimulation test have been determined in 26 men with active nephrolithiasis and in 14 healthy male subjects. Significantly higher urinary excretion of calcium and oxalate, and significantly lower excretion of magnesium was observed in men with nephrolithiasis as compared to healthy men. In addition, the patients with nephrolithiasis had significantly higher concentrations of testosterone, estradiol and FSH than the healthy controls. The results obtained suggest the participation of the gonadal hormones in the pathogenesis of active nephrolithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Enhanced activity of sympathetic renal nerves in hypertensive patients with unilateral renal ischemia--its relationship to plasma renin activity in renal venous blood.

In 16 hypertensive patients with significant unilateral renal artery stenosis plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma levels of adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine were assessed in arterial blood, renal venous blood of the ischemic (IK) and normally (NK) perfused kidney and in blood withdrawn from the inferior vena cava, distally from the orifices of the renal veins. Plasma levels of A (= 661.8 +/- 187.7 pg/ml) and NA (= 396.3 +/- 72.5 pg/ml) in renal venous blood of the ischemic kidney were significantly greater than in renal venous blood of the normally perfused kidney (A = 123.4 +/- 16.0 pg/ml; NA = 277.2 +/- 55.6 pg/ml) and than in arterial blood (A = 68.44 +/- 8.4 pg/ml; NA = 192.8 +/- 28.9 pg/ml) and inferior vena cava blood (A = 67.8 +/- 7.5 pg/ml; NA = 182.6 +/- 26.8 pg/ml). In contrast to A and NA, plasma D level in renal venous blood of the normally perfused kidney was significantly higher (= 27.9 +/- 4.9 pg/ml) than in renal venous blood of the ischemic kidney (= 14.3 +/- 2.1 pg/ml) and than in arterial blood (= 16.1 +/- 1.9 pg/ml) and in blood of the inferior vena cava (= 16.3 +/- 1.8 pg/ml). A significant positive correlation was found between PRA and plasma levels of A and NA respectively only in renal venous blood of the ischemic kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dopamine↗
PubMed1993

[Estimation of selected markers of bone metabolism inpatients with nephrolithiasis].

UNLABELLED: 19 patients with active nephrolithiasis, 14 patients with non-active nephrolithiasis and 17 healthy subjects were examined. After 7 days consumption of standardized low calcium, low phosphate, low purine and low protein diet, plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin concentration, activity of the alkaline phosphatase and its bone fraction were assessed before and after 4 hours i.v. infusion of calcium gluconate (15 mg/kg b.w. in 500 ml 0.9% NaCl). In addition, urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium, phosphate and magnesium were estimated in all examined groups. CONCLUSIONS: 1. In comparison to healthy subjects, patients with nephrolithiasis are characterized by higher plasma PTH and osteocalcin concentration, increased activity of bone fraction of alkaline phosphatase and urinary oxalate and calcium excretion. 2. Disturbances of calcium-phosphate and oxalate metabolism, PTH secretion and bone osteoblastic activity found in patients with active nephrolithiasis are qualitatively similar but quantitatively more intensive than in patients with non-active nephrolithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Plasma erythropoietin concentrations in renal venous blood of patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension.

In 19 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis and subsequent renovascular hypertension plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), erythropoietin (Epo), H+ and HCO3-, as well as pO2 and pCO2 were assessed in renal venous blood of the 'ischaemic' and normally perfused kidney, both in arterial blood and in the inferior vena cava distally from the orifices of the renal veins. PRA and ANP were significantly elevated in venous blood of the ischaemic kidney as compared with the normally perfused kidney. In contrast to PRA and ANP, plasma concentrations of Epo were similar in blood withdrawn at all vascular sites. pO2 and pCO2, as well as blood H+ and HCO3- concentrations in venous blood of the ischaemic kidney were of the same magnitude as of the normally perfused kidney. From the results presented in this paper it follows that (i) in contrast to plasma renin activity and ANP, unilateral renal 'ischaemia' does not influence plasma concentrations of Epo in renal venous blood, and (ii) chronic haemodynamic alterations do not seem to influence Epo secretion by the kidneys.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Local angiotensin formation in hindlimbs of uremic hypertensive and renovascular hypertensive rats.

To examine and characterize the vascular renin--angiotensin system in low-renin models of renal hypertension with and without the presence of overt renal insufficiency, we studied the formation and metabolism of angiotensin in isolated perfused rat hindquarter preparations. Rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NX) and rats with one-kidney, one clip (1K1C) hypertension were compared to sham operated (sham) animals. Angiotensin peptides in plasma or perfusate were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma angiotensin II was lower, and blood pressure was higher in both experimental groups, compared to sham animals. Plasma angiotensinogen, measured by both direct and indirect RIA, was increased in both experimental groups. The spontaneous release of angiotensin I and angiotensin II from perfused hindquarters did not differ between the groups. Angiotensin I conversion was not different in 5/6NX or 1K1C groups compared with controls. Furthermore, angiotensin conversion was completely inhibited by captopril (1 mumol/l) in all groups. Renin-induced angiotensin release was significantly increased in 5/6NX as compared with sham rats, whereas there was no difference in renin-induced angiotensin release between 1K1C and sham animals. Angiotensin II degradation was significantly attenuated in 5/6NX rats when compared with sham rats (27.6% versus 53.9%, respectively, P less than 0.05) but was unaltered in 1K1C rats. Thus, in chronic uremic hypertension, renin-induced angiotensin formation was increased in the face of decreased angiotensin II degradation. These data suggest that vascular angiotensin may contribute to the elevated blood pressure observed in chronic renal failure. In 1K1C rats, vascular angiotensin formation and metabolism was unchanged despite suppressed plasma angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1990

Plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide in renal venous blood--marker of kidney ischemia?

In 12 patients with unilateral significant renal ischemia plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were estimated in renal vein blood of the ischemic (IK) and contralateral kidney (NK) and in arterial blood under supine and upright conditions. Plasma ANP levels in renal vein blood were compared with plasma renin activity (PRA) of the same blood samples. Plasma ANP levels in renal vein blood of the contralateral kidney (87 +/- 9 pg/ml) were significantly lower than in arterial blood (131 +/- 11 pg/ml) and renal vein blood of the ischemic kidney (139 +/- 16 pg/ml). In contrast plasma ANP concentrations in renal vein blood of the ischemic kidney were slightly or markedly higher than in arterial blood. A positive correlation was found between the ratio of plasma ANP in renal vein blood of the IK to that of the NK under supine condition and the respective ratio of PRA. Data presented in this paper suggest the presence of abnormal handling of ANP by an ischemic kidney and that plasma ANP levels in renal vein blood may be a marker of renal ischemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Angiotensin formation in the isolated rat hindlimb.

Local vascular generation of angiotensin was investigated in isolated perfused rat hindquarters. Extraction and combined high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/radioimmunoassay analysis of hindlimb perfusate showed a spontaneous release of angiotensin I (Ang I; 5.0 +/- 3.4 fmol/h) and angiotensin II (Ang II; 31.8 +/- 7.9 fmol/h). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with captopril abolished Ang II release while Ang I levels increased more than 10-fold. Perfusion with purified hog renin caused a dose-dependent angiotensin release and vasoconstriction. The renin inhibitor H-142 abolished all effects of renin whereas ACE inhibition prevented Ang II formation and vasoconstriction but increased Ang I levels. Metabolism and pressor effects of synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate (TDP), Ang I and Ang II were studied using a recirculating rat hindlimb perfusion system. TDP-dependent formation of Ang I and II, and an increase in perfusion pressure was shown; ACE inhibition reduced but did not abolish Ang II formation and vasoconstriction. Ang I was converted to Ang II by about 50% during one pass through a hindlimb. This conversion was abolished by ACE inhibition. These data add support to the presence of a functional vascular renin-angiotensin system.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1989

Influence of parathyroidectomy on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We investigated the influence of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on blood pressure (BP) and hindlimb vascular reactivity to noradrenaline (NA) and vasopressin (AVP) in male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR). Three groups of SHR and WKR, respectively, were investigated: Sham-operated (SO) rats on a normal calcium intake (0.95%), SO rats on moderately elevated calcium intake (1.6% calcium diet) and PTX rats on the 1.6% calcium diet. At the end of the experiment (3 months), directly or indirectly measured BP was significantly lower in the PTX-SHR group on the 1.6% calcium diet than in SO-SHR on the same diet. In WKR groups, no changes of BP were recorded. Hindlimb perfusion with oxygenated Tyrode's solution for cumulative dose response curves with NA (0.1-1000 x 10(-6) M) and AVP (0.5-500 x 10(-9) M) showed no differences between PTX and SO groups. Maximal pressures and ED50 for agents used were significantly higher in SHR than WKR groups (p less than 0.05). The results support the hypothesis that the parathyroid glands contribute to high blood pressure in SHR. However, the antihypertensive action of PTX was not mediated by a change in hindlimb vascular reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in aldosterone and cortisol secretion and serum thyroxine levels in patients with active urolithiasis].

The changes in calcemia and calciuria levels following low calcium diet have been studied in 35 patients with active urolithiasis and in 20 healthy subjects. Blood serum concentrations of thyroxine, cortisol and aldosterone in basal conditions as well as cortisol and aldosterone following stimulation with synacten were determined in addition. The levels of calcemia and calciuria (2.56 +/- 0.015 mmol/l and 4.70 +/- 0.41 mmol/10 mmoles of creatinine, respectively) were found to be significantly higher in patients with active urolithiasis than in healthy subjects. In addition, in patients with urolithiasis the basal blood serum concentrations of thyroxine and aldosterone were significantly higher than in healthy subjects, while the reactivity of cortisol and aldosterone secretion to synacten stimulation was normal. The results obtained suggest the participation of the described hormonal aberrations in the pathogenesis of active urolithiasis.

Adrenal Cortex↗