A large metatarsal giant-cell tumor.
A case of 14-cm giant-cell tumor of the first metatarsal bone of a 35-year-old male is reported. A ray excision was carried out. The patient has now been free from disease for 3 years.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kumar
Publications and source records attributed to M Kumar.
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD): an appraisal of different tests for diagnosis.
Fifty symptomatic patients with GERD, 20 each of non ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) & duodenal ulcer (DU) and 10 healthy controls were subjected to various tests employed for diagnosis of GERD. Among these endoscopy and histology had highest sensitivities (92% & 91% respectively) followed by Bernstein's test (overall 88%; early positivity 72%) and oesophagography (70%). The specificities of various tests were: endoscopy (86%), histology (82%) and Bernstein's test (overall 80%; early positive 94%). The false positivity was mainly in DU subjects where majority (greater than 84%) had two or more of these tests offitive. Any two of the three tests (endoscopy, histology & Bernstein's test) in combination had a sensitivity of 80-91% and a specificity of 90-92%. Our observations suggest that these tests, particularly in combination, are useful in establishing the diagnosis of GERD and that subclinical oesophagitis in DU might be responsible for the false positivity of these tests.
Adolescent↗
Is renal salvage feasible in unilateral Wilms' tumor? Proposed computed tomographic criteria and their relation to surgicopathologic findings.
The ability of computed tomographic (CT) criteria to predict the potential for resection with renal salvage in unilateral Wilms' tumor was evaluated retrospectively in 10 children given preoperative treatment for initially inoperable disease. Criteria were (a) tumor involving only one pole and occupying less than one-third of the kidney, (b) functioning kidney, (c) no invasion of collecting system or renal vein, and (d) clear margins between tumor, kidney, and surrounding structures. Review of preoperative CT scans correctly predicted nonsalvageability (as assessed by surgicopathologic findings) in seven cases. Sufficient pathologic data were lacking to confirm positive CT predictors in one case. One patient was rated resectable with salvage on surgicopathologic review, but not by CT criteria, and in one case, a prediction could not be made. The potential for renal salvage may be greater in samples with smaller initial tumor size, and addition of other imaging modalities might enhance the accuracy of prediction. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of prospective trials evaluating the risks and benefits of partial nephrectomy in unilateral Wilms' tumor.
Adolescent↗
Neonatal ultrasound casebook. Bladder fungus ball in disseminated candidiasis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Candidiasis↗
Extrarenal Wilms' tumor.
The extrarenal location of Wilms' tumor is extremely rare. These tumors can arise from other neoplasms, generally teratomas, or they can present without any associated teratomatous elements. We encountered only 19 well-documented cases of isolated extrarenal nephroblastoma, and we describe three previously unreported patients with this disease. Two of the three children presented also with horseshoe kidneys, an association that may have clinical and embryologic significance. The presence of tumor cephalad to a horseshoe kidney is easier to explain when we consider that they originate from primitive mesodermal tissue, probably mesonephric rests, and not from metanephric remnants. Also, this association should alert physicians to the possible diagnosis of extrarenal nephroblastoma in patients with a retroperitoneal mass and horseshoe kidneys. These patients should be treated according to the same protocols as those for patients with intrarenal Wilms' tumor.
Child↗
Therapy for localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone.
Fifty-two previously untreated patients with localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone were treated with nonintensive chemotherapy in combination with surgery or radiation therapy (RT). RT was delivered to limited volumes in a dose dependent on the initial response to induction chemotherapy (30 to 35 Gy v 50 to 55 Gy). Fifty of the 52 patients achieved complete or partial responses with induction chemotherapy, with one nonresponding patient rendered free of tumor with surgery. Fifty patients were evaluable for local control of tumor and overall response to protocol therapy. Seventeen relapses have occurred; three metastatic, four local plus metastatic, and ten local. Two factors predicted worse disease-free survival: high WBC count (P = .03) and size of primary tumor (P = .05). Of the 14 local recurrences, 12 occurred in 28 patients who presented with primary tumors greater than 8 cm in size while only two of 22 patients with lesions less than 8 cm had local recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of disease-free survival at 3 years is 82% for those with small lesions and 64% for those with larger lesions. Site of primary was of no prognostic value (P = .27). The 5-year survival estimate for all patients is 80% (median time on study, 3.3 years).
Adolescent↗
A prospective study of Hickman/Broviac catheters and implantable ports in pediatric oncology patients.
We prospectively studied the continuous function and complication rates of 286 central venous catheters consecutively placed in 264 children and young adults at a single institution over a 19-month period (median follow-up, 376 days). Externalized catheters (91 Hickman [H], 113 Broviac [B]) and implantable ports (n = 82) were compared for complications, including infection and thrombosis. The most frequent major complication of all catheters was infection, although the rates of infection varied with the duration of catheter use and were generally lower than reported by others. Overall, when catheter failures (removal) for infection, obstruction, or dislodgement were considered, ports had a significantly longer failure-free duration of use (P = .0024) than did externalized catheters. Likewise, ports had a significantly longer infection-free (P less than .01) duration of use than H and B catheters. However, differences in patient age and clinical characteristics among the three catheter groups may have affected the outcome. In analysis of pairs matched for diagnosis, therapy, and age, ports had lower infection rates than did B catheters after 100 days (P = .053). This difference became significant at 400 days of catheter use (P = .029). Although there was a trend toward lower rates of infections for ports v H catheters, this difference was not significant. In view of our results in matched pairs, selection of catheter type based on clinical characteristics and patient preferences remains a reasonable therapeutic approach despite the apparent advantages of ports. The superiority of ports for long-term use (greater than 100 days) needs to be confirmed in a large randomized clinical trial.
Adolescent↗
IgG contamination as a source of false positivity in brain-reactive antibodies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Alzheimer Disease↗
Clinico-epidemiological profiles of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Varanasi.
Twenty-seven cases of Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (P. K. D. L.) were detected in an endemic focus of Kala-azar in Sujabad village in Varanasi Distt. Male-Female ratio of cases was 4.4:1. Majority (66.6 per cent) of cases had macular lesions. Histopathology of one case showed Leishmania donovani (L. D.) bodies. Densities of sand fly were more in pockets where P. K. D. L. cases were detected. All the 13 cases, which were treated with sodium antimony gluconate, responded well to therapy.
Animals↗
Brain-reactive antibodies and the AIDS dementia complex.
To determine the role of autoantibodies in the development of the AIDS dementia complex, brain-reactive antibodies (BRAs) were assayed in 30 sera samples obtained from AIDS patients. Eighteen samples were obtained from AIDS patients with neuropsychological complications, and 12 samples were obtained from patients without any neuropsychological involvement. BRAs were analyzed using strips of nitrocellulose electroblots as a source of antigen, and were prepared from a sample of normal human parahippocampal tissue subjected to SDS-PAGE. Fourteen of 18 patients with neuropsychological complications and 4 of 12 patients without such complications were positive for BRAs to a protein with Mr of 45,000-50,000.
AIDS Dementia Complex↗
Rationalisation of regimens of treatment of kala-azar with sodium stibogluconate in India: a randomised study.
The efficacy and safety of six regimens of treatment for kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) with sodium stibogluconate were evaluated in a prospective randomised study to ascertain the optimal treatment for Indian patients. Altogether 371 patients with kala-azar were randomised to receive sodium stibogluconate intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 20 or 40 days (groups A and A1, respectively), 15 mg/kg body weight/day for 20 or 40 days (groups B and B1, respectively), or 20 mg/kg body weight/day for 20 or 40 days (groups C and C1, respectively). Patients were examined blind before and at the end of treatment and every month for six months. The number of patients who were apparently cured--that is, those whose temperature had returned to normal at the end of their regimen of treatment--was 45 (78%) in group A, 53 (87%) in group A1, 50 (81%) in group B, 60 (95%) in group B1, 58 (92%) in group C, and 62 (97%) in group C1. At six months 62 patients (97%) in group C1, 51 (81%) in group C, 54 (86%) in group B1, 42 (68%) in group B, 45 (74%) in group A1, and 33 (57%) in group A had not relapsed and were cured as confirmed by a bone marrow aspirate free of parasites. The differences between groups C1 and C, B1 and B, and A1 and A were significant. Logistic regression of the proportion cured with the dose and length of treatment showed that both factors were significant in improving the rate of cure; the highest dose for the longer time (group C1) had the best rate of cure. One patient in group C1, 12 in group C, nine in group B1, 18 in group B, 15 in group A1, and 23 in group A were cured with extended courses of 20 mg sodium stibogluconate. One patient in each of groups C1, B, A1, and A became unresponsive to antimony and were cured with pentamidine. One patient in each of groups C1, B, and A became unresponsive to both antimony and pentamidine. The patients tolerated the longer duration of treatment safely, and side effects were minor. Sodium stibogluconate should be given intramuscularly in the dosage of 20 mg/kg for at least 40 days, when patients should be assessed for further treatment if necessary. Such a regimen should achieve the highest rate of cure with low toxicity and low rates of relapse and unresponsiveness.
Antimony Sodium Gluconate↗
A study of the hydration and thermodynamics of warm-water and cold-water fish collagens.
The hydrated volumes, Vh, of collagens extracted from various fish species were calculated by using the Simha-Einstein equation, and it was found that the hydration of warm-water fish collagen is greater than that of cold-water fish collagen (halibut). Although the intrinsic viscosities of warm-water fish (bigeye-tuna, carp and catfish) collagens are almost the same, the hydrated volume of bigeye-tuna collagen is approx. 1.5 and 3 times those of carp and catfish collagens respectively. The extent of hydration at 20 degrees C is in the following order: bigeye tuna greater than carp greater than catfish greater than halibut. The various thermodynamic activation parameters (delta G*, delta H* and delta S*) were calculated and it was found that they are useful for determining the exact denaturation temperature. It was calculated that the denaturation temperatures of halibut, bigeye-tuna, carp and catfish collagens are 17, 31, 32 and 26-30 degrees C respectively. The variations of hydration, intrinsic viscosity, denaturation temperature and the thermodynamic parameters with the variation of concentration of catfish collagen were also thoroughly examined. The change of thermodynamic parameters from coiled-coil to random-coil conformation upon denaturation of collagen were calculated from the amount of proline and hydroxyproline residues and compared with viscometric results.
Animals↗
Serum lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes alteration in carcinoma cervix uteri.
Serum LDH-isoenzyme studies revealed that in carcinoma cervix, the principal activity was confined to LDH-2 and LDH-3 with a significant rise in LDH-2 fraction when compared with the control values (P less than 0.001). Radiotherapy caused significant lowering of LDH-2 and LDH-3 (P less than 0.001 in each case). There was no relation of LDH-isoenzyme distribution in different clinical stages and morphological distribution within the tumor. Further, LDH-2 and LDH-3 were found to be lowered significantly in good and moderate clinical radiation response (CRR) groups (P less than 0.001 in each case) but in poor CRR group no significant change in LDH-2 and LDH-3 was observed following radiotherapy. LDH-isoenzyme determination in carcinoma cervix is very helpful in assessing the treatment response following radiotherapy and thus may be an important prognostic parameter.
Female↗
Synthesis, spectroscopic, and antitumor activity of metal chelates of S-methyl-N-(l-isoquinolyl)-methylendithiocarbazate.
Complexes of Mn(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pt(II) with S-methyl-N-(l-isoquinolyl) methylendithiocarbazate (N-N-SH) were isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurement, magnetic susceptibilities, and spectroscopic studies. On the basis of these studies, a highly distorted, high-spin, chloro-bridged, polymeric octahedral structure for [Mn(N-N-S)Cl2]; a distorted, low-spin, monomeric octahedral structure for [Fe(N-N-S)2]; a distorted, high-spin, octahedral structure for [Ni(N-N-S)2]; and a square-planar structure for [M(N-N-S)X] (M = Ni, Cu, Pt or Zn and X = Cl- or -OAc) are suggested. With Fe(III), the complex [Fe(N-N-S)2][FeCl4] was isolated while the Co(II) was oxidized to yield the Co(III) ion as [Co(N-N-S)2]2[CoCl4]. All these complexes were screened for their antitumor activity against P 388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in mice. Except for Mn(III), Fe(III), and Co(III) complexes, all were found to possess significant activity; the Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes showed a T/C% value of 160 and 195, respectively, at their optimum dosages.
Animals↗
Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity of iron(II) and iron(III) complexes of alpha-N-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones.
Complexes of iron(II) and iron(III) with 1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (1-iqtsc-H), 4-methyl-5-amino-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (4-Me-5-NH2-1-iqtsc-H) and 4-(m-aminophenyl)-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (4-m-NH2ph-2-pytsc-H) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibilities (from room temperature down to liquid N2 temperature), and Mössbauer, electronic, and infrared spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a highly distorted, high-spin, five-coordinate structure for Fe(HL)SO4 (HL = 1-iqtsc-H, 4-Me-5-NH2-1-iqtsc-H or 4-m-NH2ph-2-pytsc-H) and a distorted, low-spin, octahedral structure for Fe(HL)Cl2 are suggested. The EPR spectra of iron(III) complexes show that all have dxy low-spin ground state. All these complexes have been screened for their antitumor activity against the P 388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in mice and have been found to possess significant activity at the dosages employed.
Animals↗
Specific determination of azathioprine in solution by a spectrophotometric method and its application to a tablet assay.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Azathioprine↗
Serum IgG brain reactive antibodies in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome.
The cause(s) of Alzheimer disease (AD) remain unknown. Since neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, a hallmark of AD, are also present in older patients with Down syndrome (DS), a close relationship between the two diseases has been suggested. IgG type of brain reactive antibodies (BRAs) are present in a majority of patients with AD but such studies have not been carried out in adult patients with DS. The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that if the brain changes in older patients with DS and patients with AD are identical, the occurrence and specificity of BRAs should be similar in both diseases. The frequency of BRAs was studied in sera obtained from 21 patients with AD, 26 older patients with DS, and 20 normal control subjects using electroblots prepared from rat spinal cord proteins. Circulating BRAs were found in 57% of patients with AD, 81% of patients with DS, and 30% of normal controls. However, the pattern of BRA reactivity was different in AD and DS. In AD, antibodies reacted with the 200-kDa subunit of neurofilament triplet singly or in combination with the 150-kDa, 70-kDa or with the associated 62-kDa protein. In DS, BRAs always reacted with the 70-kDa protein, usually in combination with the 200-kDa subunit and, less frequently, in association with the other subunits. No specific pattern of antibody activity was evident in the control group.
Adult↗
Drusen and drusenoid macular lesions.
Yellow-colored lesions with a similar appearance at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium are frequently called drusen. Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp and contact lens examination, and fluorescein angiography allow differentiation among true drusen, retinal-pigment-epithelial detachments, and deposits secondary to retinal-pigment-epithelial degeneration. A combination of these lesions may be present in a single eye especially in patients with age-related macular degeneration. It is important to distinguish among these lesions because prognosis and treatment potential vary.
Adult↗