[Testmethod for the evaluation of procedures for the hygienic disinfection of hands. Part 2: Argumentation and comments illustrated by an example (author's transl)].
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1-Propanol↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kundi
Publications and source records attributed to M Kundi.
[Trendobservation of beneficial effects of vaccinations (author's transl)].
The beneficial effects of vaccinations may be calculated by means of special formulas: (formulas: see text). In these formulas R means the risks of the disease with regard to special complications, r the comparable risk of vaccination, p the protection rate and t the duration of protection. A vaccination is beneficial, if N and Q greater than 1 and D greater than 0. Vaccinations which show low levels for N, Q and D must be reevaluated constantly by means of the above mentioned formulas. This control may be performed also by calculation of the border - risk Rlim = r/p.t and the epidemiologic trend. In case of whooping-cough according to the risk given by the WHO vaccination loses its beneficial effect at the end of 1976 and cannot be recommended therefore for general performance in middle Europe. On the other hand BCG-vaccination will have a beneficial effect for about another 30 years on a very low level. However, the beneficial effect is much more expressed, if the prevention of leucemic deaths, as quoted by Davignon and Rosenthal, is taken for granted.
Adolescent↗
[Algesimetric measurement of the effect of cerebral electrotherapy on the pain threshold (author's transl)].
The effect of cerebral electrotherapy (CET) on the pain threshold was investigated in 3 test persons, on 5 points of the neck of these persons. Altogether 1200 algesimetric measurements were performed. The statistical evaluation showed a significant tedency (p less than 0.01) towards an elevation of the pain threshold by CET.
Brain↗
[Thoughts upon the construction of requirements of disinfection procedures concerning contaminated hands - an analysis (author's transl)].
The construction of detailed test methods for the evaluation of disinfection procedures has primarily to be based upon requirements which have to be formulated in advance. A recently proposed test model is being discussed on the basis of 5 conceivable formulations of possible requirements. Essentially, they may be allotted to two types: the one implies the comparison of the disinfection procedure to be tested as against an hypothetical procedure. The other makes use of the simple comparison with a concrete standard procedure and is preferable to the first possibility for several reasons. The presented, mathematical formulations of the structure describing the proposed model represents a first approximation in order to permit the comparison of disinfection effects on the hands under assistance of probabilistic methods and eliminating other effects inherent ot a test method.
Disinfection↗
[Experimental investigations in guinea pigs on the therapy of gas gangrene with ozone. A preliminary report (author's transl)].
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Animals↗
Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: long-term antibody persistence.
During the clinical development of safe, well tolerated and immunogenic vaccines against hepatitis A the persistence of protective antibodies was estimated, based on relatively short observation periods of 18 months to 3 years. We report here on longterm persistence of antibodies in volunteers who participated in one of the early clinical trials on inactivated hepatitis A candidate vaccines. In a randomized trial three groups of altogether 110 healthy adults, initially hepatitis A virus (HAV) seronegative persons were vaccinated with an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine according to the schedule 0-1-2-12 months. One group received 180 ELISA units, one group 360, and one 720 ELISA units per dose. Blood samples were taken prior to the first vaccination and at months 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 13, 18, 24, 36 and 84. The decrease of antibodies was characterized by two disappearance rates: a rapidly decreasing component and a slower decreasing one becoming predominant ca 12 months after booster vaccination. The disappearance of antibodies could be described by a two-component model which holds for t > or = 13 months. The estimated disappearance rates for the slow component (annual decrease) was found to be 11 and 13% for the 180 and 360 El. U groups, respectively (the 720 El. U group showed no decline, which was probably due to the small sample size). The estimated persistence of antibodies within protective range varied between 24 and 47 years depending on individual titres reached at month 13 and vaccination dose.
Adult↗
Environmental asbestos exposure and cancer mortality.
From 1970 to 1980, mortality from cancer of the lung and stomach was analyzed in a town with asbestos deposits and in a town with asbestos processing. The populations of the entire country, the province, the district, and of all communities of the same size and agricultural index were used as references. In the town with asbestos contamination of air and water from natural tremolite deposits and an endemic occurrence of pleural plaques, no increased risk for lung or stomach cancer was found. In the town with asbestos cement production lung cancer rates were lower in males and higher in females, and stomach cancer rates were lower than expected. No significant differences could be attributed to environmental asbestos exposure.
Asbestos↗