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Biomedical subjects

M Kunze

Publications and source records attributed to M Kunze.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[Social medicine aspects of pre- and postmenopause].

Due to the increasing life expectancy most women nowadays suffer from menopausal problems. These include not only menopausal symptoms, but also osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Hormone replacement therapy therefore is a measure for keeping physiological standards. It has both preventive and therapeutic importance, for the individual as well as for the public. Menopause Management is a task for lifestyle medicine, as a combination of pharmaceutical treatment and lifestyle changes. The women and physicians are working in a menopause managing team, and prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders are not separated.

Adult

[Therapy for smoking: consensus in German-speaking countries].

The german speaking countries (Austria, Germany, Switzerland) are not the most advanced in the world when it comes to the control of tobacco related diseases. The medical system in these countries has yet to be convinced that smoking cessation is not only necessary but feasible. In order to provide a basic document for further activities, a consensus development process was initiated. The consensus development process forms part of the activities performed by the UICC (International Union Against Cancer) Project Smoking Cessation, which is a project within the framework of the UICC Tobacco and Cancer Programme. The 1988 Report of the US Surgeon General states very clearly, that the use of tobacco products is not a matter of free choice, but is the result of an addiction as scientifically valid as the addiction to heroin and other narcotics. The scientific literature provides informations on many methods and techniques for a smoking cessation, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Many pharmacological approaches have been tried to treat nicotine dependence in man. According to scientific standards and many controlled studies, nicotine has been the only drug found to be effective in treating nicotine dependence. Many techniques, ranging from self help to sophisticated combined therapeutic approaches including pharmacological interventions, are now available to deal with the nicotine addiction. Smoking cessation treatment uses time, effort and other resources and the question of reimbursement for these services has to be considered. As with any other form of treatment, costs needed to be paid either by the individual patient/client and/or by other sources including private and national health insurance systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acupuncture Therapy

Hyperglycemia and coronary risk factors results from western Austria.

We investigated mean levels and prevalences of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and body mass index in adults aged 25 to 64 years participating in the WHO Country-wide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) Programme in Vorarlberg, western Austria. According to the Austrian expert panel and based upon the above age standardized risk factors 50.9% of the male and 29.3% of the female population were at high risk for developing coronary heart disease. Risk factor levels were further compared between euglycemic and hyperglycemic participants. After adjusting for age hyperglycemia was associated with higher body mass index in men (p = 0.026) and women (p less than 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure in men (p less than 0.001) and women (p = 0.003), and higher levels of triglycerides in women (p = 0.008). No significant differences were observed in total and HDL cholesterol in either sex. When controlling for age and body mass index, fasting blood glucose levels had significant associations only with systolic blood pressure in men (p = 0.001). But, with respect to all risk factors, hyperglycemic participants had an age-adjusted adverse coronary risk profile both in men (p = 0.002) and in women (p less than 0.001).

Adult

[Hepatitis A, hepatitis B--incidence of inpatient cases].

The incidence of hepatitis A, treated at hospitals in Austria in the year 1990, was 4,3/10(5) (n = 326), of hepatitis B 3,47/10(5). In hepatitis A the highest incidence was observed in children (5-9 years: 14.3/10(5)). Two peaks were observed in hepatitis B; 20-24 years: 5.93/10(5) and 60-64 years: 3.84/10(5). Both disease had the highest incidence in the district of Vorarlberg (hepatitis A 12.4/10(5), hepatitis B 6.86/10(5)), the lowest in the district of Burgenland (0.37/10(5) and no case of hepatitis B).

Adolescent

Quantitative reconstitution of isolated influenza haemagglutinin into liposomes by the detergent method and the immunogenicity of haemagglutinin liposomes.

The reconstitution of influenza virus haemagglutinin into liposomes from lipid/protein/detergent mixtures by detergent removal provides vesicles that are similar in structure to viral particles. The dissociation properties of haemagglutinin aggregates and the molar ratio of lipid to protein in the starting mixture are the key factors for the individual and total yield of protein incorporation into liposomes. Structural properties of the detergent used as well as special reconstitution conditions are of minor importance for the formation of haemagglutinin liposomes. As determined by radial immunodiffusion-, haemolysis- and fusion experiments, specific properties of haemagglutinin were maintained to a large extent on liposomal incorporation, but its immunogenicity is increased, if the antigen is incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes.

Animals

[Perspective in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Austria by the year 2050].

Population projections of the Austrian Central Statistical Office show a dramatic increase in the proportion of people of 65 years of age and over in Austria by the year 2050. Since this population group is at higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD/SDAT), it will be necessary to modify the currently available facilities for social and medical care to meet this increasing demand. Based on official demographic data and epidemiological findings of the "Eurodem" group, our computations show that the number of persons with AD/SDAT aged 65 or over will rise from 48,000 at present to over 113,500 in 2050 (1990: 614/100,000, 2050: 1505/100,000 persons of the total population), equivalent to an increase of 140%. By forecasting the number of persons affected, it should be possible to intensify (and in some areas introduce) long-term health planning with respect to the social, financial and medical care of aged, demented people in Austria.

Aged

[Food service in Austrian hospitals: results of a survey].

130 medical and 130 administrative heads were asked to fill in a structured questionnaire to obtain an assessment of meals provided in Austrian hospitals. 62 questionnaires in each group were returned fully completed. Meals: öS 46,--are available per patient and day; whereby the costs of special diets are öS 11,--higher on average per day. Diets on offer: 96.8% of the questioned hospitals offered a diabetes diet; 95.2% a weight-reducing diet, 93.5% a light balanced diet and diet for patients with hyperlipidaemia and 90.3% a reduced salt diet (the worst accepted by the patients). 90.3% of these hospitals would consider dietary recommendations as a preventive measure. In fact, preventive dietary measure are implemented in 75.5% of the hospitals questioned. It was apparent that the staff in charge are aware of the influence of correct-nutrition in hospitals. It is recommended that nutritional advice should be offered more often in all wards (this is at present available in only 8.0% of the hospitals). It should be mentioned that financial resources concerning hospital meals should be increased for the more widespread establishment of "healthy food", too.

Austria

[An alternative to alcohol at the work site. General practice test of an electrolyte beverage in hot work environments].

A survey was performed in 1989 by the Institute of Social Medicine and the Austrian Workers Compensation Board(AUVA) to investigated the alcohol problem in 277 factories in which the workers were exposed to hot and dusty atmospheres. As a result of the findings, a further study was undertaken by the same research team to investigate one possible solution to the problem of alcohol consumption at work in a paper-producing factory, predominantly under hot and dusty conditions. The study was well prepared by many activities in the field of health promotion. In this trial, an electrolyte drink especially suited for heat-burdened work places, was introduced for three months as alternative drink to alcohol. Before and after this period the employees answered a questionnaire regarding their alcohol consumption and any changes in consumption habits. One of the main results of the study was the significant increase in electrolyte drink consumption and decrease in wine consumption although that of beer remained practically unchanged. The offered electrolyte drink was accepted as alternative drink by many workers and represents a practical example of health promotion at the place of work. This study should encourage other factories and businesses to experiment with electrolyte drinks especially suited to their particular conditions in an attempt to overcome the problem of alcohol consumption during working hours.

Accidents, Occupational

[Smoking rooms in Austrian schools--results of 2 questionnaires in the years 1987 and 1989].

To determine the number of schools offering smoking facilities to the attending pupils, questionnaires concerning smoking-rooms were sent to all schools with pupils over 16 years of age. The study was conducted in 1987 and 1989 to get information on changes, as well as on the present state of affairs. In 10.2% of Austrian schools smoking-rooms are offered. This number has increased substantially since 1987 (6.0% of all schools). The percentage of schools offering such facilities is highest in Vienna (smoking-rooms for pupils in 29.7% of schools). The type of school with most smoking-rooms is the high school known as "Allgemeinbildende höhere Schule, AHS" (28.3% of AHS offer smoking-rooms). Independent of the presence of smoking facilities, 80% of Austrian schools take action against smoking, predominantly by organizing information campaigns.

Adolescent

[Epidemiologic progression of dementia diseases in Austria until the year 2050].

Population projections of the Austrian Central Statistical Office show a dramatic increase of the proportion of people of 65 years of age and over in Austria until the year 2050. Since this population group is at higher risk to develop dementia, it will be necessary to suitably modify the presently available facilities for social and medical care to meet this increasing demand. Based on official demographic data and epidemiological findings of the "Eurodem"-group (12) our computations show that the number of demented persons, aged 65 or over, will rise from presently 80,000 to over 189,000 in 2050 (1990: 1,023/100,000, 2050: 2,509/100,000 persons of the total population), equivalent to an increase by 140%. By forecasting the number of persons affected, it should be possible to intensify (and in some areas introduce) long-term health planning in respect of aged people, dementia and social, financial and medical care in Austria.

Aged

[The atheroprotective importance of estrogen substitution from the social medicine viewpoint].

Due to the increasing life expectancy most women nowadays suffer from menopausal problems. These include not only menopausal symptoms, but also osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Hormone replacement therapy therefore is a measure for keeping physiological standards. It has both preventive and therapeutic importance, for the individual as well as for the public. In the following we give an overview to these aspects, focusing on prevention of atherosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis

Overweight and coronary risk factors results from a western Austrian survey.

Objectives of the study are to estimate prevalence of weight categories in a western Austrian population and to determine differences in primary coronary risk factors between weight categories in adults. The study population consists of 635 males and 693 females aged 25 to 64 years from the state Vorarlberg in western Austria. Age-standardized prevalence of body-mass-index 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 is 42.8% in men and 23.0% in women. The prevalence of a body-mass-index of 30.0 kg/m2 or more is 8.6% in men and 13.3% in women. Categories of relative weight correlated in both sexes significantly with all investigated risk factors, i.e. total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure. Significance remained in multivariate regression analysis in all parameters for both sexes, when controlling for age. Thus, the survey clearly shows the importance of relative weight as an indicator of elevated coronary risk and the importance of overweight for public health.

Adult

[Evaluation of a weight reduction program: slender without diets].

"Schlank ohne Diät" ("Weight-Reduction Without Diet") is a strategy to normalize body weight, by influencing multiple factors that appear to influence and promote obesity. The base line of therapy is the modification of nutritional habits. Self-control, especially monitoring and recording of calorie intake and the loss of energy by physical activities is the key that trains every client to change his nutritional habits and helps to reduce body weight and keep normal body weight stable. In a retrospective study, including 134 persons, 84 clients (62,69%) were able to reduce body weight, 9 clients (6,72%) reached starting point of weight and in 30,60% (41 clients) during the participation in this methods an increase of body weight was seen. On an average 120 clients achieved a weight reduction of 5.98 kg during the participation in this method. The loss of weight ranged from 1 to 31 kg per person.

Adult

[Acceptance and subjective well-being with a norgestimate combination pill].

683 women were assessed in the present study. All study participants were subjected to an overall clinical examination before and after a 4-month regimen of a low-dose norgestimate-containing combination oral contraceptive (Cileste); in addition, their subjective well-being was investigated by an appropriate questionnaire. 63.3% of the study participants rated drug tolerance as 'very good' and 23.0% rated it as 'good' at evaluation in the 4th cycle. Between the first and second evaluation, we observed a significant improvement of the depressive mood and of skin and hair problems. Women with skin and hair problems often suffer from 'severe dysmenorrhea'. This difference was statistically significant only at the first evaluation (i.e. before the combined norgestimate regimen) and was not observed in the 4th cycle (i.e. during the Cileste regimen), while the incidence of menstrual disturbances was generally found to decrease.

Adolescent

[Comparative studies of the effectiveness of brief psychotherapy, acupuncture and papaverin therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome].

At a comparison among 5 therapy methods the small psychotherapy with a success-rate of 74% is high-significantly more prosperous than the other examined methods. The acupuncture with 31% long-term success is significantly superior to the pseudoacupuncture (17.2%). The papaverine therapy results in a long-lasting status free of symptoms in 17.2% of the patients and is significantly different from the results of the papaverine-placebo-therapy (0%). Distinct differences in the success-rates of the small psychotherapy with different therapists prove the role of the personality and the perfection in mastering the methods with psychotherapeutic procedures. Comparable differences between the examiners were not found among the effects of a spasmolytic therapy.

Acupuncture Therapy

[Epidemiology of atherosclerosis and disorders of lipid metabolism].

Austrian age-standardized myocardial infarction (MI) death rates are in international mid range. While total mortality in Austria has decreased 20% since 1969, MI mortality rates have been stable. 1985/86 daily food consumption is about 13,000 kJ (3,100 kcal) per capita. It consists of 46% lipids (157 g), 42% carbohydrates (315 g) and 12% proteins (92 g). Daily animal fat consumption is 105 g, vegetable fat consumption is 52 g, P/S-ratio is 0.34. Alcohol consumption provides additionally 992 kJ (237 kcal) or 8% daily. 1974/75 the same amount of daily energy was consumed, but 41% were lipids, 47% carbohydrates and 12% proteins. To provide the basis for a nationwide programme to reduce morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction, a consensus statement of 21 leading Austrian experts was initiated in 1987. The recommendations published in June 1988 comprise guidelines for assessing and reducing cardiovascular risk. For adults aged 20 years or more total cholesterol (TC) levels below 200 mg/dl (5.17 mmol/l) are "desirable normal", TC levels from 200 to 250 mg/dl (5.17 to 6.47 mmol/l) are "risk", and TC levels above 250 mg/dl (6.47 mmol/l) are "high risk". The individual risk is determined with respect to several other variables such as LDL-C, HDL-C, family history, sex age, blood pressure, smoking habits, diabetes mellitus, oral contraceptives, and overweight. Mean TC level in Austrian adults currently is about 225 mg/dl (5.82 mmol/l), 25% have total cholesterol levels above 250 mg/dl (6.47 mmol/l) and 7% above 300 mg/dl (7.76 mmol/l).

Austria

Smoke-free Europe in the year 2000: nongovernmental action (smoking cessation treatment).

Tobacco control has to be performed by following a comprehensive approach. This approach means a variety of strategies including health education and public information, smoking cessation, legislation, price policy, and taxation. It is the responsibility of the health care system to provide treatment for those who are nicotine addicted. There is now sufficient scientific background for cessation to be implemented much more than before. Cessation means offering a wide variety of techniques and methods for different target groups, and providing different organizational structures with different levels of assistance for the smoker. A diversified system of techniques to help the smoker to stop includes the following. Methods to help the already highly motivated, low-dependent smoker (mass media-assisted techniques, simple brochures, self-help techniques) Methods to help motivated, rather highly dependent smokers (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy) Basic for all the other intervention techniques are methods to create and maintain motivation (health education, public information, public education).

Europe

Coffee and cardiovascular risk: epidemiological findings in Austria.

The results of studies on the connection between the consumption of coffee and cardiovascular risk factors have been conflicting, particularly concerning serum lipids. We examined several associations in a representative sample of 1203 men and women between 25 and 64 years of age in the state of Vorarlberg, Austria. Coffee consumption correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (men: r = 0.30; women: r = 0.26) and the prevalence of smokers (men: r = 0.27; women: r = 0.25). We found no adverse effect of coffee on blood lipids or lipoproteins. The lack of evidence was independent of smoking habits in both sexes. We suggest that the lack of evidence is due to the usual method of preparing coffee in Vorarlberg, ie percolated or as 'Espresso'.

Adult