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Biomedical subjects

M Kusano

Publications and source records attributed to M Kusano.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Helicobacter pylori infection correlates with severity of reflux esophagitis: with manometry findings.

The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development and exacerbation of reflux esophagitis was investigated. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the severity of atrophic gastritis, and esophageal motility (determined by esophageal manometry by an infusion catheter method) were assessed in patients with mild (n = 46) and severe (n = 27) reflux esophagitis and subjects without reflux (n = 28). Compared with the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the non-reflux group, the prevalence in the mild and severe reflux groups (60.7%, 47.8%, and 14.8%, respectively) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower. Atrophic gastritis was milder in both reflux groups than in the non-reflux group. The degree of gastritis was also milder in the severe reflux group than in the mild reflux group. The esophageal sphincter pressure was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the reflux groups than in the non-reflux group, and the amplitude of primary peristalsis was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the severe reflux group than in the non-reflux group. There were no significant differences between reflux patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection in the parameters of esophageal manometry. These data imply that a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection may result in a milder grade of atrophic gastritis, and consequently, exacerbate reflux esophagitis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Interobserver and intraobserver variation in endoscopic assessment of GERD using the "Los Angeles" classification.

BACKGROUND: A new endoscopic classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been proposed, and the term mucosal break has been introduced to describe mucosal damage. This new classification was evaluated by endoscopists with different levels of experience. METHODS: Fifty endoscopic photographs for each of 20 randomly selected patients with GERD were assessed retrospectively by three groups of seven endoscopists classified by experience: group 1 (100 to 500 procedures), group 2 (500 to 3000), and group 3 (more than 3000). The new classification was modified by adding grade 0 to describe healed mucosal breaks, so that there were five grades. All photographs were assessed twice at an interval of more than 1 week, and kappa statistics were used to determine observer variation. RESULTS: Interobserver variation within group 3 (kappa = 0.39, n = 21) and between groups 3 and 2 (kappa = 0.36, n = 49) was significantly different (p < 0.01) from that between groups 3 and 1 (kappa = 0.26, n = 49). Intraobserver variation in group 1 (kappa = 0.39, n = 7) was significantly different (p < 0.01) from that in group 2 (kappa = 0.51, n = 7) and group 3 (kappa = 0.54, n = 7). CONCLUSIONS: Observer variation depends on level of endoscopic experience. Only experienced endoscopists should use the new classification for grading of GERD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A novel hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity involved in ethyl acetate synthesis in Candida utilis.

Acetate ester synthesis was studied in vitro with the ethyl acetate-producing yeast Candida utilis. The level of enzyme activity observed for the NAD+-dependent hemiacetal dehydrogenase acting on hemiacetal, which was produced non-enzymatically from an alcohol and an aldehyde, was much greater than that for the other enzyme involved in ester synthesis, alcohol acetyltransferase. The level of ethyl acetate synthesis in vivo approximately paralleled the hemiacetal dehydrogenase (HADH) activity. The results suggest that the main pathway for ethyl acetate synthesis in C. utilis involves a novel hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

[Cooperative study of intraarterial preventive chemotherapy after resection of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer].

This is a compilation of the results of preventive intraarterial infusion following resection of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer at four surgical centers. The cases studied included two groups: A) 76 patients who underwent normal liver resection only, and B) 78 patients who underwent resection with adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods included: 1) WHF, 50 cases; 2) other methods using 5-FU, 18 cases; and 3) intraarterial infusions other than 5-FU, 10 (2 cases, outcome unknown). Survival rates for groups A and B for 1 and 5 years were 71.2, 18.9% and 91.5, 56.2%, respectively, with the rates for the intraarterial infusion group showing far better results. The 1- and 5-year survival rates in terms of infusion methods were: 1) 90.7% and 64.6%; 2) 94.4% and 39.3%; and 3) 90% and 60%, respectively, showing no remarkable differences between methods. Total doses of 5-FU were (a) less than 5 g, 7 patients (b) 5-15 g, 16 patients (c) 15-30 g, 22 patients (d) greater than 30 g, 23 patients. A comparison of 1- and 5-year survival rates shows (a) 85.7% and 17.1%; (b) 66.5% and 44.3%; (c) 100% and 62.7%; (d) 100% and 66.5%, respectively, with doses (c) and (d) showing markedly better results than the (a) dosage. From this we conclude that the group undergoing intraarterial hepatic infusion had a markedly improved prognosis compared to the group not undergoing any type of adjuvant therapy. Also, groups receiving a dosage of 15 g or greater of 5-FU showed prolonged survival rates.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

Infrequent inactivation of DCC gene in replication error-positive colorectal cancers.

Colorectal cancers with and without the replication error (RER) exhibit fundamental differences in genotype and phenotype. While alterations in APC, p53, and K-ras genes have been characterized between RER+ and RER- colorectal cancers, the status of deleted in colorectal carcinomas (DCC) gene has not been yet. Alterations of DCC gene were analyzed in stage-matched two panels of 30 RER+ and 30 RER- colorectal cancers using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and PCR-LOH analyses. Loss or reduction of DCC mRNA expression and allelic loss at the DCC locus were significantly less frequent in RER+ cancers than in RER- cancers. Interestingly, reduced DCC mRNA expression was observed in all 5 RER- cancers with liver metastasis. Our results support the concept that RER+ and RER- colorectal cancers represent different pathways of carcinogenesis and may give a hint for clarifying the specific mechanism of DCC inactivation in RER- colorectal cancers.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Surgical treatment of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome associated with protein-losing enteropathy: report of a case.

PURPOSE: The case of a patient with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, who developed a protein-losing enteropathy, is reported. METHODS: After localization of the protein-losing region, a right colectomy was performed. RESULTS: Hypoproteinemia and ectodermal changes improved postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is an effective treatment for protein-losing enteropathy in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. Ectodermal changes improve after correcting malnutrition.

Female↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical evaluation of Dumon stent for tracheobronchial stenosis due to advanced esophageal carcinoma].

We inserted Dumon stent to 13 patients with tracheobronchial stenosis due to advanced or recurrent esophageal carcinoma. Severe dyspnea was improved in 11 patients except for 2 patients with bilateral recurrent nerve palsy. 3 cases who had radiation therapy or chemotherapy lived over 150 days. We inserted esophageal stent in 4 cases. 2 patients died due to hemoptysis after 156 days and 35 days. We conclude that Dumon stent is one of the useful treatments in order to improve quality of life and prognosis of advanced or recurrent esophageal carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Fusion variations of pancreatic ducts in patients with anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ductal system.

Fusion variations of the pancreatic ducts were studied to elucidate the significance of such variations. We classified structural fusion anomalies of the main and accessory pancreatic ducts on endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) in 37 patients with anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system (AAPB). The fusion variations of the pancreatic ducts were classified into five types: common, ansa pancreatica, branch fusion, looped, and separated. These fusion variations, except for common type, were found in 68% of the 37 patients with AAPB on ERCP. Fusion variations of the pancreatic ducts were very frequent (93%) in the 30 patients with congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct (CCD). The branch confluence fashion, in which the terminal bile duct communicated with a pancreatic duct branch, was found only in patients with cystic dilatation cyst of the CCD, and it appeared that cystic dilatation cyst of CCD might differ from spindle or cylindrical cyst originating from embryonic formation of an anomalous confluence. It was also suggested that in patients with fusion variations of the pancreatic ducts, the flow of pancreatic juice might be disordered, leading to the development of acute pancreatitis or pancreatic dysfunction. Consequently, it appears to be necessary to carefully examine patients with AAPB for the presence or absence of any fusion variations of the pancreatic ducts and to observe such patients with long-term monitoring by ERCP, and computed temography, and with pancreatic function tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Genetic changes in primary colorectal cancer by comparative genomic hybridization.

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a powerful new technique for the molecular cytogenetic analysis of cancer. In this method, at first the cancer DNA and normal DNA are labeled with biotin and digoxigenin, respectively, and then the labeled DNAs are applied onto normal lymphocyte metaphase preparations in hybridization. After hybridization, they are stained with FITC and rhodamine, respectively, so chromosomal gains and losses in cancer are thus detected by using a green:red ratio. In this study, we analyzed the abnormal chromosomes in nine cases with human primary colon cancer. A gain in chromosomes 11p, 12q, 16p, 20p, and 20q were observed, while a loss of 18q and 22q were discovered. CGH may thus provide us with important information for analyzing the genes in colon cancer.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1998

Presacral epidermoid cyst: report of a case.

An asymptomatic tumor in the pelvis was incidentally found by ultrasonography in a 67-year-old woman while being examined after presenting with a common cold. Further examinations revealed a presacral cystic tumor, which measured 10 x 12cm in size. The cyst was thus removed in the normal manner for such cases. The pathological diagnosis was an epidermoid cyst. An analysis of 15 other cases previously reported in the literature indicated that large epidermoid cysts should normally be excised through an abdominal approach alone, provided that the tumor is benign.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Hemiacetal dehydrogenation activity of alcohol dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Some methylotrophic yeasts produce methyl formate from methanol and formaldehyde via hemiacetal formation. We investigated Saccharomyces cerevisiae to find whether this yeast has a carboxylate ester producing pathway that proceeds via hemiacetal dehydrogenation. We confirmed that the purified alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) protein from S. cerevisiae can catalyze the production of esters. High specific activities were observed toward the hemiacetals corresponding to the primary alcohols when ether groups were substituted for methylene groups, resulting in the formation of formate esters. Both ADH and methyl formate synthesizing activities were sharply reduced in the delta adh1 delta adh2 mutant. The ADH1 and ADH2 genes encode the major Adh proteins in S. cerevisiae. Thus, it was concluded that the S. cerevisiae Adh protein catalyzes activities for the production of certain carboxylate esters.

Acetals↗
PubMed1998

A mesenteric liposarcoma with production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

A 77-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of pyrexia and a right retroperitoneal mass. Leukocytosis and other inflammatory findings were noted. Bone-marrow aspiration revealed hypercellularity with no malignant cells. An additional mass was detected sonographically in the pelvis. The serum concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was highly elevated (299 pg/ml). The tumors were removed at laparotomy, and the pelvic mass was found to arise from the ileocecal mesentery. Postoperatively, white blood cell count and serum G-CSF concentrations decreased to normal levels. The mesenteric tumor showed weakly positive immunostaining for human G-CSF, and Northern and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses detected CSF and its mRNA in the mesenteric tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Matrix metalloproteinase matrilysin (MMP-7) participates in the progression of human gastric and esophageal cancers.

Matrilysin is one of matrix metalloproteinases, which is supposed to have a specific role in tumor progression. Expression of matrilysin was investigated in gastric and esophageal cancers by an immunohistochemical examination. Matrilysin was expressed in all esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (13/13) and in the majority of gastric adenocarcinomas (31/35, 89%). The positive staining was observed in tumor cells of cancerous tissues. In gastric cancers, there were significant statistical correlations between matrilysin expression at the invasive front and nodal metastasis or advanced stage. These results suggest that overexpression of matrilysin has an important role in the progression of upper gastrointestinal cancers.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed1998

[New application of ultrasound imaging using contrast agent].

Recently, various ultrasound contrast agent have been developed all over the world. This paper reviewed recent development of some contrast agent and clinical application of new imaging using contrast agent (Enhanced color Doppler Imaging, Harmonic Imaging, Flash Echo Imaging and Loss of Correlation Imaging). These new methods are easily feasible with a clinical ultrasound diagnosis machine for evaluating further information, for example, slow or deeply located lesion's blood flow, furthermore tissue perfusion. Contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging such as Harmonic imaging is enable to evaluate tissue function.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of blood flows inside hepatic tumors using color Doppler echography with galactose-based intravenous contrast medium "SH/TA 508" administration].

The purpose of this study is to evaluate hemodynamic characteristics of various hepatic tumors using color Doppler echography administered galactose-based intravenous contrast medium "SH/TA 508 (Levovist)". Subject were 9 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas, 5 cases of metastatic liver tumors and a case of hemangioma. We evaluated the characteristics of blood flows inside various hepatic tumors, and also evaluated the first pass through the hepatic tumors during administration of Levovist. The strongly pulsatile branched blood flows inside tumor and the slow-increased and plateau patterns were observed in the all cases of hepatocellular carcinomas, the weakly pulsatile blood flows surrounding tumor and the rapid-increased and slow-decreased patterns were observed in the cases of metastatic liver tumors, and the continuous blood streams in the margin of tumor and the slow-increased and slow-decreased pattern were observed in the case of hemangioma. These findings were characteristic in various hepatic tumors, and color Doppler echography enhanced by Levovist was very useful to distinguish hepatic tumors.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗