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Biomedical subjects

M Kyriakos

Publications and source records attributed to M Kyriakos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Painless osteoid osteoma of the rib in an adult. A case report and a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: An asymptomatic rib lesion was discovered by means of a bone scan obtained during the clinical evaluation of an adult man with biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma. Clinically and radiologically considered to be a metastatic focus, on resection it proved to be an osteoid osteoma (OO). METHODS: A review of the English medical literature on OO was conducted with emphasis on the occurrence in older patients, costal location, and the absence of pain. RESULTS: OO in patients older than age 50 years is rare (1% - 2% of cases). Only 18 cases of painless OO were found. Of these, 8 (44%) occurred in the phalanges, and 3 (17%) in the cranial-facial bones, both uncommon sites for OO; only 7 (39%) arose in the long bones, the most common site for conventional OO. A disproportionate number of these patients (44%) were younger than age five years, a rarity for OO. Fourteen reported examples of costal OO were found, all of which were associated with pain. The possible mechanisms involved in the production of pain, including analysis of the effect of its site of origin and the presence of nerve fibers, is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Costal OO is distinguished from osteoblastoma and from what has been described as painless fibro-osseous lesion of the rib. The infrequency of metastases as a cause of solitary rib lesion is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Giant-cell tumor of the distal phalanx of the hand in a child.

Giant-cell tumor of bone in the distal phalanx is rare, as is its clinical occurrence in children. A case of a 10-year-old girl with giant-cell tumor in the distal phalanx of the left thumb is reported, and a literature review of phalangeal giant-cell tumor of the hand is presented. The tumor was curetted, and after 2.5 years there was no recurrence.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Differential requirement for autoantibody-producing B cells for induction of lymphocytic versus granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.

Mouse thyroglobulin (MTg)-sensitized spleen cells activated in vitro with MTG transfer experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in which the thyroid cellular infiltrate consists primarily of mononuclear cells (lymphocytic EAT). Addition of anti-IL2R antibody to cultures with MTg leads to activation of cells that induce granulomatous EAT, accompanied by high serum anti-MTg autoantibody responses, in recipient mice. CD4+ T cells are required to induce both forms of EAT; whether B cells and/or autoantibodies produced by MTg-sensitized B cells also contribute to disease severity or the type of thyroid histopathology is unknown. In our study, B cells and autoantibody responses produced in recipient mice were reduced either by column removal of B cells from donor spleen cells or by treatment of recipient mice with anti-I-AK mAb at the time of cell transfer. These maneuvers only slightly reduced the severity of lymphocytic EAT but markedly reduced the severity and incidence of granulomatous EAT developing in recipient mice. Delaying the initiation of anti-I-AK treatment until 6 days after cell transfer was less effective in reducing anti-MTg autoantibody responses or granulomatous EAT. These studies all suggested that anti-MTg autoantibodies were required for development of granulomatous but not lymphocytic EAT. However anti-I-AK-treated recipients receiving injections of anti-MTg antibody or having serum antibody induced by prior immunization with MTg and LPS also developed less severe granulomatous EAT than controls. These results suggest that sensitized CD4+ T cells and circulating anti-MTg autoantibody are not sufficient for development of granulomatous thyroid lesions. It is possible that antibodies having a unique function or specificity are produced in mice developing granulomatous EAT or thyroid-infiltrating B cells may directly contribute to the granulomatous inflammatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Regulation of the induction and resolution of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by CD8+ T cells.

Mouse thyroglobulin (MTg)--sensitized spleen cells activated in vitro with MTg induce experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in which the thyroid cellular infiltrate consists primarily of mononuclear cells (lymphocytic EAT). Cells cultured with MTg plus anti-IL2R antibody induce EAT having a granulomatous histopathology. CD4+ T cells are required to induce both forms of EAT. The potential contribution of CD8+ T cells in the pathology of lymphocytic vs granulomatous EAT was addressed using anti-CD8 mAb to deplete CD8+ T cells from donor or recipient mice. Depletion of donor CD8+ T cells had little effect on EAT severity induced by cells cultured with MTg or MTg plus anti-IL2R mAb. However, recipients of CD8-depleted cells activated with MTg induced granulomatous EAT whereas cells from untreated donors activated with MTg alone induced lymphocytic EAT. Similar results were obtained when anti-CD8 mAb was added to cultures to block activation of CD8+ T cells. Injection of anti-CD8 mAb into recipient mice slightly increased the severity of EAT induced by cells cultured with MTg or MTg and anti-IL2R mAb when EAT was assessed 19-20 days after cell transfer. Cells cultured with MTg alone induced mild granulomatous EAT in most anti-CD8-treated recipients. When thyroids of mice which had granulomatous EAT on Day 19 were examined 47 or 60 days after cell transfer, the granulomatous inflammatory response in untreated recipients had almost completely resolved. In contrast, granulomatous EAT persisted and often became more severe in anti-CD8-treated recipients. Anti-CD8 treatment did not influence lymphocytic EAT assessed late after cell transfer. These results indicate that CD8+ T cells are required for the resolution of granulomatous EAT.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Plasma cell tumors with calcified amyloid deposition mistaken for chondrosarcoma.

PURPOSE: To report cases of plasmacytoma with a radiologic appearance simulating that of chondrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors describe four cases of plasma cell tumors with scattered foci of calcification within their matrix, causing them to resemble chondrosarcoma radiographically. Histologic examination was performed in three of these cases. RESULTS: Biopsy specimens demonstrated that the calcification in these tumors was contained in areas of amyloid deposition. Although amyloid formation in association with plasma cell dyscrasias is well known, sufficient calcification within the amyloid to become radiographically identifiable has only rarely been reported. CONCLUSION: Calcification in amyloid produced by plasma cell tumors may at times simulate the appearance of chondrosarcoma.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1992

Bone infarct-associated osteosarcoma.

Reported is a patient with an osteosarcoma arising in a medullary infarct of the humerus. Infarct-associated sarcoma (IAS) of bone is rare. In a collective review of 50 cases reported in the medical literature, only 37 were fully documented. Including our patient, 26 men and 12 women, ranging in age from 18 to 82 years (mean, 53.4 years) have been reported. Black patients appeared to be disproportionately represented, accounting for 36% of the group. In most patients, there was no known cause for the infarct, whereas in the remainder, the most common underlying condition was a prior dysbaric event or alcoholism. Approximately 75% of the patients had multiple bone infarcts. The femur was involved in 21 patients, the tibia in 14, the humerus in 2, and the radius in 1. Among 40 sarcomas in these patients, 7 (18.4%) were osteosarcomas, and 29 (72.5%) were malignant fibrous histiocytomas. The survival rate in patients with IAS is poor: 5 of the 7 patients with osteosarcoma (71%) and 20 of the 31 other patients (65%) died of tumor. Eight patients are alive and well, all for longer than 5 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Induction of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice with in vitro activated effector T cells and anti-IFN-gamma antibody.

Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) can be induced in mice after the transfer of mouse thyroglobulin (MTg)-sensitized donor spleen cells that have been activated in vitro with MTg. CD4+ T cells are required for the transfer of EAT in this model. Because CD4+ T cells produce various lymphokines, such as IFN-gamma, that may be involved in the activation or regulation of the immune response to MTg and the development of EAT, the present study was undertaken to determine whether a neutralizing mAb to IFN-gamma could modulate the induction or expression of EAT. The anti-IFN-gamma mAb XMG-1.2 had no effect on sensitization of donor cells. However, addition of XMG-1.2 mAb during in vitro activation of MTg-primed spleen cells resulted in more severe EAT in recipient mice. The thyroid lesions in recipients of cells cultured with MTg and XMG-1.2 mAb also exhibited granulomatous changes, which differed qualitatively from the predominantly lymphocytic cell infiltrates in recipients of cells cultured with MTg alone. Recipients of MTg-activated spleen cells also developed severe granulomatous EAT when they were given injections of XMG-1.2 mAb. The effects of XMG-1.2 could be neutralized by IFN-gamma. Recipients of cells cultured in the presence of XMG-1.2 mAb had augmented autoantibody responses, although there were no apparent differences in the IgG subclass distribution of the anti-MTg autoantibody responses. These studies suggest that neutralization of endogenous IFN-gamma results in increased activity of cells capable of inducing granulomatous EAT in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Case report 757: Giant cell tumor of rib.

A case of the rare occurrence of conventional GCT in a rib is presented. Due to its radiological aggressivity, the possibility of a MGCT was entertained clinically, and preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were given. The literature on giant cell tumors of the ribs is reviewed, and their distinction from primary MGCT and other giant-cell-containing lesions is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral scaphoid ganglion cysts in an adolescent.

We describe an adolescent girl with symptoms secondary to bilateral, symmetrical ganglion cysts of the scaphoid bones. From the roentgenographic and operative findings, it was believed that the cysts were the penetrating type. The patient is among the youngest reported with carpal bone ganglion cysts and the first with bilateral scaphoid cysts completely described in the English-language medical literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Intracortical small cell osteosarcoma.

A case of intracortical osteosarcoma, a rare form of osteosarcoma that may radiologically simulate a variety of benign and malignant bone lesions, is described. To date, all cases have arisen in the diaphysis of either the tibia or femur, and histologically have been of osteoblastic type. In contrast, the current tumor was a small cell osteosarcoma, another uncommon variety of osteosarcoma. A summary of the reported cases of intracortical osteosarcoma is given, and the literature on small cell osteosarcoma is briefly reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Malignant transformation of aneurysmal bone cyst, with an analysis of the literature.

An 11-year-old girl had a lytic, benign-appearing, expansive lesion of the distal tibia radiologically interpreted as an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Tissue from two extensive curettage procedures was also histologically diagnosed as ABC. Approximately 50 months after the onset of symptoms, and 28 months after her last curettage, a highly pleomorphic osteosarcoma developed. The patient had not received prior radiation therapy. The cases in the literature of possible malignant transformation of ABC are reviewed. The authors separate their case from telangiectatic osteosarcoma, and from "aneurysmal bone cyst-like osteosarcoma."

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed1991

Induction of severe granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by effector cells activated in the presence of anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody.

Spleen cells from CBA/J mice immunized with mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) and the adjuvant lipopolysaccharide induce experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) after transfer to recipient mice if they are first activated in vitro with MTg. EAT induced by cells cultured with MTg is generally moderate in severity and is characterized by a thyroid infiltration consisting primarily of mononuclear cells. Addition of the anti-interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) M7/20, 3C7, or 7D4 to spleen cell cultures with MTg resulted in a cell population capable of inducing a more severe type of EAT characterized by extensive follicular destruction, granuloma formation, and the presence of multinucleated giant cells. Recipients of cells cultured with MTg and anti-IL-2R mAb also had higher anti-MTg autoantibody responses than recipients of cells cultured with MTg alone. Activation of cells capable of transferring severe granulomatous EAT and increased anti-MTg autoantibody responses required both MTg and M7/20 in culture and required addition of M7/20 within the first 8 h of the 72-h culture period. CD4+ T cells were required for the expression of both the severe granulomatous EAT lesions and the mononuclear cell infiltrates typically observed in murine EAT. The increased anti-MTg autoantibody responses in recipients of cells cultured with MTg and anti-IL-2R mAbs were not restricted to a particular immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and included antibody of the IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B subclasses. These results suggest that a subset of CD4+ T cells capable of inducing severe granulomatous EAT and increased anti-MTg autoantibody responses is preferentially activated when cells are cultured in the presence of anti-IL-2R mAb. Anti-IL-2R mAb may either prevent activation of cells that induce classical lymphocytic EAT or prevent activation of cells that normally function to downregulate EAT effector T cell activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Rudimentary meningocele of the skin. Clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis.

Although "rudimentary meningocele" (RM) or "meningothelial hamartoma" of the skin is a seemingly recently described entity, it has been included in past reports as a variant of primary cutaneous meningioma. We document our experience with four such lesions and compare the histologic and immunohistochemical features of these cases with those of seven classic meningoceles (CM) and four giant cell fibroblastomas (GCF). Although all of these entities share significant points of microscopic similarity, RM and CM are lesions composed of meningothelial cells, whereas GCF is probably of myofibroblastic origin. Rudimentary and classic meningoceles demonstrate cellular immunoreactivity for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen, whereas the cells of GCF lack the latter determinant and may express muscle-specific actin. Our observations suggest that RM and CM represent closely related developmental malformations; however, RM becomes clinically apparent in a somewhat older patient population than CM and is not associated with major skeletal anomalies as may be found with CM. The distinction between various cutaneous meningothelial proliferations has prognostic importance, as does their separation from GCF. RM and CM are adequately treated by simple excision, whereas GCF, a probable form of fibromatosis, has the potential for local recurrence.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Chondromyxoid fibroma: radiographic appearance in 38 cases and in a review of the literature.

Thirty-eight cases of histologically confirmed chondromyxoid fibroma were reviewed and their radiographic features recorded. These findings, coupled with a review of the English-language medical literature, suggest that this rare, benign bone tumor has a characteristic but not specific radiographic appearance and may often mimic more common tumors. Chondromyxoid fibroma may occur anywhere in the skeleton, but almost half of the cases occur around the knee. The possibility of chondromyxoid fibroma should always be considered when a focal bone lesion is evaluated that has geographic bone destruction, a sclerotic rim, lobulated margins, and septation. The diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma is most likely when the patient is in the 2nd decade of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of anti-I-A and anti-I-E monoclonal antibodies on the induction and expression of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice.

Susceptibility to experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in mice is linked to the I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The present study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of anti-I-Ak monoclonal antibody (MAb) 10-2.16 in preventing or arresting the development of EAT. Spleen cells from CBA/J or (CBA/J x Balb/c) F1 mice given 10-2.16 prior to sensitization with mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) and adjuvant could not transfer EAT to normal recipients, and cells from these mice did not proliferate in vitro to MTg. Donor CBA/J mice given 10-2.16 before immunization and recipients of cells from such mice produced little MTg-specific IgG1 or IgG2b antibody but did produce nearly as much IgG2a as controls. The effects of in vivo treatment with 10-2.16 appear to be due to elimination of Ia + cells rather than to modulation of Ia or induction of suppressor T cells. When 10-2.16 was added to in vitro cultures it also prevented the proliferation and activation of sensitized CBA/J or F1 effector cell precursors. Other mAb specific for MHC class II gene products, but not associated with disease susceptibility, expressed by CBA/J (I-Ek) or F1 (I-Ad) mice (14-4-4S or MK-D6 respectively), also prevented in vivo sensitization, but did not block in vitro activation. Anti-I-Ak was also effective in preventing EAT if multiple injections of mAb were given to recipients of sensitized EAT effector cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Multiple simultaneous inverted papillomas of the upper urinary tract. A case report with a review of ureteral and renal pelvic inverted papillomas.

An asymptomatic 73-year-old woman was found to have multiple, simultaneous, inverted papillomas of the renal pelvis and ureter. A review of the world literature yielded 34 cases of inverted papillomas in the upper urinary tract: 13 in the renal pelvis, and 21 in the ureter. Among these 34 cases, there were 26 male and five female patients, with gender not given for three others. Patients ranged in age from 19 to 89 years (mean, 64.1 years). Many cases lacked complete clinical details but, among the others, gross painless hematuria was the presenting symptom in seven; hematuria with flank pain or colic in six; and pain without hematuria in six. Only six patients lacked urinary tract symptoms, and three of these had microscopic hematuria. Only two patients had more than one inverted papilloma, and these were not multicentric. Adequate pathologic documentation and follow-up data were, unfortunately, absent in many of the cases. Although inverted papillomas are curable with surgical resection, with a low rate of local recurrence, they appear to be associated with synchronous or asynchronous carcinomas, especially other transitional cell tumors in the urinary tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is among the most common soft tissue sarcomas of adult life, but rarely occurs elsewhere. We report an example of primary MFH of the lung and review 15 previously reported acceptable cases with current follow-up information. Histologically, the tumor in our case was pleomorphic with storiform and fascicular areas. Tumor cells showed positive immunostaining for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and vimentin. Stains for desmin, cytokeratin, myoglobin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, and lysozyme were negative. Electron microscopic study showed histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, intermediate, and undifferentiated tumor cells. A variety of methods were used to treat these patients. Two patients survived for 5 or more years, two were alive and well at 8 and 12 months, respectively, two were alive with metastatic tumor at 3 and 18 months, respectively, and ten patients died of tumor, with an average survival of 1 year.

Aged↗