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Biomedical subjects

M L Bach

Publications and source records attributed to M L Bach.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ethics and Medicaid: a new look at an old problem.

Recent proposals to reform Medicaid, driven primarily by the need for cost containment, rarely pay explicit attention to values. This paper presents the Medicaid Values Framework, the authors' interpretation of a set of societal ideals embodied in Title XIX of the Social Security Amendments of 1965. The Framework comprises seven interlocking values that are stratified into three interdependent tiers--access, quality, and equity. We use the access and equity tiers to analyze treatment of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients under Medicaid. We document striking inequities in eligibility standards and in funding for the two groups--inequities that unexpectedly fail to translate into marked disparities in access to Medicaid. In conclusion, we comment on why the present inequities exist and why they are ethically unacceptable.

Aid to Families with Dependent Children↗
PubMed1979

Evidence for transcriptional regulation of orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase in yeast by hybridization of mRNA to the yeast structural gene cloned in Escherichia coli.

From a large population of strains of Escherichia coli carrying shear fragments of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) DNA attached by in vitro recombination to the plasmid vector pMB9, two hybrid plasmids were selected that relieve the pyrimidine requirement of nonreverting pyrF mutants of E. coli. An 1100-base-pair DNA fragment common to the two complementing plasmids was recloned into another plasmid vector, pBR322; these new hybrids retained the ability to specify orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.23) synthesis in E. coli. Evidence is presented that this common fragment is yeast DNA and thus apparently carried the structural information for yeast orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, the product of yeast gene ura3. A hybrid plasmid containing the 1100-base-pair fragment was used to measure levels of putative ura3 mRNA from yeast cultures labeled with [3H]adenine, ura3 mRNA was unstable with an apparent half-life of 10.5 min. Under different circumstances previously shown to alter the level of orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase in yeast, a coordinate variation in proportion of labeled RNA complementary to the hybrid plasmid was found. These data support the hypothesis that regulation of the ura3 gene in yeast is at the level of transcription.

Carboxy-Lyases↗
PubMed1979

Past, present, and future aspects of histocompatibility.

We have stressed problems attendant on studies of the MHC, ignoring non-HLA factors and their role in allograft immunity. Many other topics could have been chosen for discussion is any such overview; our selection reflects our own interests. We felt assured, however, that excellent coverage by our many colleagues of the diverse and varied aspects of histocompatibility not approached in this summary has allowed us this freedom.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

Pool-priming: A means of generating T lymphocytes cytotoxin to tumour or virus-infected cells.

It is proposed that cells cytotoxic for autologous or syngeneic tumour cells can be produced in vitro by sensitisation of lymphocytes to a pool of normal cells from 20 unrelated individuals. Restriction on molecules that can serve as cytotoxic determinants (C.D.), may explain why a random pool of cells from 20 people could present essentially all of the determinants (C.D.) may explain why a random pool of occur because of extensive cross-reactivity of antigens on tumour cells with normal alloantigens present in the stimulating pool.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1977

Primed LD typing: reagent preparation and definition of the HLA-D-region antigens.

Primed LD typing cells were prepared against single HLA haplotypes within families and used to type a random panel of 48 individuals. PLT cells could be grouped on the basis of highly correlated responses with the panel test cells; the 21 different PLT cells could be used to define 6 different PL antigens. One of these, PL 3, was split by the responses of two of the 21 PLT cells which measured an antigen called PL 3.1.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1977

Lymphoblastoid cell lines of homozygous typing cells used for sensitization in PLT.

Lymphoblastoid cell lines of homozygous typing cells were used as the sensitizing cells in MLC to prepare PLT cells. Results obtained using such cells against a panel of restimulating cells were compared to those obtained using regular PLT cells in which priming had been accomplished with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. It appears that lymphoblastoid cell lines can be used for this purpose; the advantages of such an approach are given.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1976

Three HLA-D region antigens defined by primed LD typing.

We have recently described a new method, primed LD typing or PLT, for specific identification of HLA-D antigens. Highly discriminatory PLT cells have been developed which clearly differentiate between cells of individuals that restimulate strongly and those that restimulate weakly. Seven such discriminatory PLT cells have been used to define three antigens called PL1, PL2, and PL3; two more PLT cells may define antigen(s) PL4.

Genes↗
PubMed1976

Secondary cell-mediated lympholysis: importance of H-2 LD and SD factors.

Lymphocytes stimulated in mixed leukocyte cultures and left for 13-17 days, i.e. beyond their peak proliferative and cytotoxic reactivities, can be restimulated to give a secondary-type rapid and strong proliferative and cytotoxic response when confronted with cells of the original sensitizing cell donor. We have concerned ourselves primarily with the requirements of restimulation for the presence of LD and/or SD stimuli on the restimulating cells. (a) The low level cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) associated with LD differences in a primary CML can be restimulated to give a secondary-type response by those same LD antigens. (b) If the original sensitizing cells differ from the responding cells by both LD and SD antigens, restimulation with only the LD antigens, or third-party cells presumably carrying cross-reactive LD antigens, can restimulate the secondary CML responses directed against the SD antigens on the original sensitizing cells. (c) The presence of SD antigens on the restimulating cells that are cross-reactive with the primary sensitizing SD antigens (as determined in a primary CML) leads to the preferential activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes reactive to those antigens although maximum cytotoxicity is still directed at cells carrying the original sensitizing SD antigens. A model to explain these results is presented.

Animals↗