PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M L Bourgeois

Publications and source records attributed to M L Bourgeois.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Time distortion in acute phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis. A correlation between 30 seconds estimation and urine drugs levels.

In fifteen patients hospitalized with phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis, several measures of psychopathology, including those of time distorsion, were examined in relationship to urine PCP levels and duration of hsopitalization. Impaired ability to estimate thirty seconds duration was found to correlate significantly with a higher urine PCP level and a longer hospitalization, the test for ability to estimate thirty seconds may be useful in clinical management of patients with PCP psychosis particularly when there is no urine PCP level available.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Ideas and theories in the new psychotherapies in the U.S.A].

A primary concern with man's fragmentation and alienation from himself and others. A concept of pathology which reflects the loss of self or congruence with one's experiences and the resultant blocking and diminution of one's potentialities. A concept of cure which means authenticity, spontaneity and self-actualization. A primary mode of change via immediate experiencing i.e. intense feeling of one's sensory, bodily and/or spiritual dimensions. A primary therapeutic task of providing an authentic and permissive atmosphere for mutual interaction or dialogue. A primary focus upon the phenomenological moment. A treatment model of therapist to client within the egalitarian framework of a "human alliance". A doctor/patient relationship which is a real, here-and-now encounter. A primary therapist role of mutual interactor and acceptor. A primary therapist stance which is involved and real. A primary tool or technique of encounter (and/or intensification of feelings via methods of emotional flooding for intense abreaction, or methods of meditation for profound rest). A primary treatment length which is shortterm and intense.

Humanism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased occurrence of depression in psychosis-prone subjects: a follow-up study in primary care settings.

A follow-up survey was performed with a network of general practitioners (GPs) to examine whether a higher proneness for psychosis predicts a greater incidence of depression in subjects with no history of mood disorder. At the first stage of the survey (T1), a self-report questionnaire exploring delusional ideation (Peters et al. Delusional Inventory [PDI-21]) was administered to the patients of the GPs. Information on psychiatric status at the baseline and conclusion of the 12-month follow-up period was provided by the GPs. The present study was restricted to 425 subjects with no lifetime history of depression. An incident depression was diagnosed in 18 subjects. Most items exploring delusional beliefs and hallucinations were more frequently endorsed by subjects with incident depression. Subjects with a PDI-21 score above the 90th percentile at T1 were nine times more likely to present with an incident depression during the follow-up period than those with PDI-21 scores below the 10th percentile. Psychosis proneness is associated with a greater risk for depression, suggesting that a continuum of vulnerability may exist between affective disorder and nonaffective psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency and clinical aspects of bipolar II disorder in a French multicenter study: EPIDEP].

This paper presents the definite data from a French multi-center study (EPIDEP). The aim of EPIDEP was to show the feasibility of validating the spectrum of soft bipolar disorders by practicing clinicians. In this report we focus on data concerning the frequency of BP-II disorder and the key characteristics of BP-II by systematic comparison versus Unipolar depression. EPIDEP involved training 48 french psychiatrists in 15 sites; it is based on a common protocol following the DSM IV criteria (Semi-Structured Interview for Hypomania and Major Depression), and Akiskal (Soft Bipolarity), as well as criteria modified from the work of Angst (Hypomania Checklist), the Ahearn-Carroll Bipolarity Scale, HAM-D and Rosenthal Atypical Depression Scale; Semi-Structured Interview for Affective Temperaments (based on Akiskal-Mallya), self-rated Cyclothymia Scale (Akiskal). Comorbidity and family history (Research Diagnostic Criteria) were also obtained; EPIDEP was globally scheduled in two phases: Phase 1 devoted to recruiting major depressives, and phase 2 involved in more sophisticated assessment of soft bipolarity and administrating related measures. Results are presented on the total of 537 patients included at "visit 1" and 493 assessed for soft bipolarity at "visit 2". The BP-II global rate which was 21.7% at initial evaluation, nearly doubled (39.8%) by systematic evaluation of hypomania. Intergroup comparison versus unipolar depressives showed the following key characteristics of BP-II disorder: 1) distinct clinical presentation at index depressive episode despite uniformity in global intensity of depression (overrepresentation in BP-II of "suicidal thoughts", "guilt feelings", "depersonalisation-derealisation", "hypersomnia" "and weight gain"; and of "psychic anxiety" and "initial insomnia" in UP); 2) different course of illness with younger age of onset of first depression, higher rate of suicidal attempts, recurrency and hospitalisations; 3) more difficulties for recognition of the correct diagnosis; 4) more complex temperamental dysregulations (mixture of cyclothymic, hyperthymic and irritable traits which are highly represented in BP-II group); 5) higher rate in family history of mental disorders, especially bipolar disorders. Finally, EPIDEP data confirmed the diagnostic reliability of self-rating of hypomania and cyclothymia. With a systematic search of hypomania, almost 40% of major depressive episodes seen in psychiatric settings were classified as BP-II, of which only half were recognized by the clinicians at study inclusion. The BP-II validity as a distinct disorder from Unipolars was confirmed. Moreover, EPIDEP emphasized the reliability of self-rating in assessing soft-bipolarity (hypomania and cyclothymia). In total, EPIDEP data indicated that recognition of BP-II is feasible in diverse practice settings and proposed for clinicians some adapted clinical tools for assessing soft bipolarity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Repeat evaluation of impulsiveness in a cohort of 155 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: 12 months prospective follow-up].

UNLABELLED: Relationships between OCD and impulsivity are currently under research. METHOD: In the phase 3 of the national study on OCD, 155 patients suffering from an OCD (DSM III-R criteria, score on NIMH-OC > or = 7) had entered a naturalistic follow-up of 12 months duration. Impulsivity was assessed by using the BDS (Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale, offautoquestionnaire of 24 items) at day 0, 6th and 12th months and a semi-structured interview for Obsessive-Compulsive Related Syndrome and Behaviors Spectrum, as defined by Hollander (DSM III-R criteria). RESULTS: Impulsivity was more intense in females (mean score on BDS 35.6 vs 31.9, p = 0.06), in patients with personal history of anxiety-depression (36.3 vs 32.3, p = 0.04) and suicidal behavior (38.3 vs 33.2, p = 0.06) and familial history of OCD (37.1 vs 33.0, p = 0.07). Moreover, syndromal typology of obsessions or compulsions did not seem to influence impulsivity. In contrast, presence of co-existing OC Related Syndrome was significantly linked to higher impulsivity score, especially with "Intermittent Explosive Syndrome" (mean score = 40.1 vs 30.8, p < 10(-4), "Compulsive Buying" (38.5 vs 32.4, p = 0.005), "Hypochondriasis" (36.7 vs 32.1, p = 0.02), "Dysmorphophobia" (37.1 vs 32.4, p = 0.02) and "Depersonnalization" (37.7 vs 32.9, p = 0.05). Paradoxically, impulsivity was augmented in patients with important to severe slowness syndrome (38.3 vs 31.8, p = 0.001). This mixed association between slowness and impulsivity can be an excellent testimony of "Dyscontrol" phenomenon. In 130 patients who had received an anti-obsessional pharmacologic treatment during 12 months follow-up, impulsivity score was gradually reduced from day 0 (mean score = 34.1) at M6 (24.8-22% reduction) and at M12 (20.1-36% reduction). After one year of follow-up, a decreased by > or = 50% of impulsivity score was observed in 42% of obsessional patients. Finally, the response rate of OCD to pharmacotherapy seemed to be modulated by the dimensions of impulsivity and slowness. In fact, the best results after 6 months of treatment were observed in the sub-groups presenting high level of "impulsivity" (62-66% were responders) versus 39% in the sub-group with important to severe slowness.

Adult↗