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Biomedical subjects

M L Götz

Publications and source records attributed to M L Götz.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Burn-out of urologists in the county of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany: a comparison of hospital and private practice urologists.

PURPOSE: Mental and physical burden of physicians, especially surgeons, is high. The degree of burn-out was estimated among urologists in the German federal county of Schleswig-Holstein, with special emphasis on differences related to age, qualification and hospital versus private practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Maslach Burnout Inventory was mailed to all urologists and urologists in training registered in the county of Schleswig-Holstein to determine the frequency and intensity of the 3 burn-out subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment, together with a questionnaire covering demographic data. RESULTS: Of 128 urologists 75 (58.6%) replied. Levels of burn-out in the subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were increased among hospital urologists, urologists in training and urologists younger than 45 years. Urologists in private practices, fully trained urological specialists and urologists older than 45 years showed a low degree of burn-out, corresponding to normal values, whereas young urologists in training and working in hospitals had the highest risk of burn-out. The personal accomplishment level was generally high in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The constellation of being a urologist in private practice and older than 45 years appears to provide some protection against burn-out that might be due to a more personal relationship to the patients, lesser hierarchical situation and workload related income. In times of increasing pressure on the health care system, the personal situation of physicians in training should not be overlooked.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Impression cytology as a noninvasive method of conjunctival biopsy and its results].

Impression cytology is a non-invasive, repeatable, and uncomplicated method of examining the conjunctiva. Cellulose-acetate filters are used to remove the superficial layers of the conjunctiva. This technique causes no subjective discomfort to the patient. The method combines the advantages of a biopsy with those of a "Häutchenpräparat." The authors used 3 different stains for the conjunctival imprints: PAS-hematoxylin, Alcian blue and a combination of Alcian blue and PAS. From the different staining characteristics of the goblet cells it was possible to draw conclusions about different functional cell conditions. The metachromatic properties of a few cells among the large number of epithelial cells led to speculation on the existence of different cell types and their possible correlation with the various cell types described by Rohen for the conjunctiva of monkeys. In patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca or Sjögren's syndrome pathologic nuclear changes occur that lead to chromatin taking on a snake-like appearance, the so-called "snakes." To the authors' surprise, similar chromatin changes were found in a great number of cells of contact lens wearers, with frequency depending on the type of contact lens. Impression cytology is a special method of non-invasive biopsy providing new possibilities for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic control of conjunctival disorders.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

[Scanning electron microscopy image of the cells of the conjunctival epithelium in specimens from impression cytology].

Impression cytology specimens of the conjunctiva can be examined by scanning electron microscopy. If a cellulose-acetate filter is pressed onto the conjunctiva, the microvilli-bearing epithelium becomes so firmly attached to the fine meshwork of the filter that the most superficial conjunctival cell layers adhere to the filter. When the filter is removed intercellular connections are destroyed without any damage to the cell membranes being detectable in the SEM image. Since the surface of the corneal epithelium is spread out on the filter and is firmly attached to it the lateral bond between the cells is preserved. Shrinkage is minimal. The posterior surface of the epithelial cells, facing the observer, consists of smooth, porous cell membranes. The nuclei of many cells are clearly distinguishable. Since it can be directly compared with light-microscopic specimens, the SEM image can help provide answers to morphological and pathological questions, and may represent a useful diagnostic aid.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Can the use of infrared photography give evidence of the prognosis of hereditary macular degeneration?].

The question as to whether infrared photography can help determine the prognosis of hereditary macular degeneration cannot be answered simply in the affirmative or negative. Changes in the retinal surface layers are not detected by infrared photography. Therefore, no statement can be made regarding the prognosis of these types of macular degeneration. As far as macular degenerations of the deeper layers of the fundus are concerned, it cannot be stated as a general rule that severe changes in the infrared photograph imply a worse prognosis. Rather, one has to differentiate on the basis of the form and limitations of the defects. Infrared photography furnishes prognostic information by facilitating differential diagnosis between the prognostically favorable central areolar choroidal atrophy and the unfavorable progressive diffuse atrophy of the choroid. Further pointers to the prognosis can be obtained by differentiation between Stargardt's macular degeneration and diseases with favorable prognoses, which appear similar at the fundus, namely central areolar choroidal atrophy and dominant macular degeneration, which has a relatively benign course. In Stargardt's macular degeneration infrared photography seems to provide the following prognostic information: whether the degeneration is limited to the macula; whether flavimaculatus spots appear, or whether diffuse chorioatrophic degeneration will occur.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1985

Tapetochoroidal degeneration combined with cataract and lentodonesis.

Presumably the combination of regional choroidal atrophy, cataract and lentodonesis is a new genetic entity. The hereditary transmission seems to be autosomal-recessive. As the first visual impairment, hemeralopia is noted during the second decade of life. In these early stages patches of choroidal atrophy are limited to the intermediate and perimacular zone. ERGs are not known from these early stages. Later on, no scotopic and only subnormal photopic reactions are registered. The patients can do their work relatively well until the end of the sixth decade, when a cataract develops and the choroidal atrophy gradually extends to the posterior pole. Together with the cataract, a lentodonesis is developing. The lentodonesis is caused by degeneration and elongation of the zonular fibres. Therefore, in order to escape the danger of a lens-subluxation or a lens-luxation into the anterior chamber, an intracapsular extraction should be done at an early stage of lentodonesis. In spite of this, the visual prognosis is poor, since the areas of choroidal atrophy are gradually enlarging. In these late stages the macula seems to be involved in all cases.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1982

[Side-effects of atropine: pharmacological, allergic, pseudo-allergic or toxic reactions?].

Between 1979 and 1981 31 children aged from one to 14 years who had been given atropine eye drops to measure refraction presented with the following side-effects: increased temperature (9/31), dry red skin (8/31), reddened eye (3/31) and periorbital dermatitis (2/31) after single (22/31) or repeated (9/31) administration of atropine. In the epicutaneous test with atropine eye drops 1% (readings after 24, 48 and 72 hours) not a single child showed an allergic or toxic reaction. The rarity of an allergy after administration of atropine drops is emphasized by the fact that periorbital dermatitis was observed in only two cases. Clinical experience shows that incipient allergy owing to the anatomical structure of the conjunctiva and eye lids first becomes apparent in the region of the eye, even if the epicutaneous test is not necessarily positive in the dorsum skin. In view of the necessity of administering atropine prior to emergency surgery it is advisable to carry out epicutaneous tests if side-effects have been observed in the eye, to make sure that the patient is not allergic to the drug.

Adolescent↗