Biomedical subjects

M L Garg

Publications and source records attributed to M L Garg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Biokinetics of lead in various organs of rats using radiotracer technique.

Uptake, distribution, and elimination of lead in various organs of rats have been studied using a radiotracer technique. The elimination data for various organs, except whole blood, is fitted to a double-exponential function using a computer program. The biological half-lives along with the percent elimination of lead by two different decay modes in testis, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles are being reported together with that in liver, kidney, blood, and whole body. It is evident from this study that the elimination of lead is limited for all the organs and permits lead accumulation in the bone, where it is stored and becomes almost unavailable for elimination. Lead levels in blood, testis, and femur of lead acetate-fed rats measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy have been correlated to the uptake of 210Pb in various organs.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Oat bran concentrate bread products improve long-term control of diabetes: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effects oat bran concentrate bread products in the diet of free-living subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) via dietary, clinical, and biochemical methods. DESIGN: A 24-week crossover study consisting of two 12-week periods. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Eight men with NIDDM (mean age = 45 years) who lived in the community. Glucose and insulin profiles were conducted in a clinical investigation unit. INTERVENTION: Palatable, high-fiber, oat bran concentrate (soluble fiber [beta-glucan] content = 22.8%) bread products were developed. Four randomly chosen subjects ate oat bran concentrate breads first; the other subjects ate control white bread first. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dietary intake (four 48-hour dietary recalls per period) was assessed. Blood glucose and insulin (8-hour profiles) and lipid parameters after fasting were measured (at 0, 12, and 24 weeks). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Analysis of variance and repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Total energy and macronutrient intakes were similar in both periods. Mean total dietary fiber intake was 19 g/day in the white bread period and 34 g/day (9 g soluble fiber per day from oat bran concentrate) in the oat bran concentrate period. Body weight remained stable. Mean glycemic and insulin response areas (area under the curve) were lower (P < or = .05 and not significant, respectively) for the oat bran concentrate period than the white bread period. After breakfast, area under the curve for the oat bran concentrate period was lower for glucose (P < or = .01) and insulin (P < or = .05); insulin peak was reached earlier (P < or = .05) than in the white bread period. Dietary fiber intake was correlated negatively with insulin area under the curve (P < or = .05). Mean total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower (P < or = .01) in the oat bran concentrate period than in the white bread period. In the oat bran concentrate period, the mean ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced by 24% (P < or = .05). CONCLUSIONS: The well-accepted oat bran concentrate bread products improved glycemic, insulinemic, and lipidemic responses.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Impact of lead pollution on the status of other trace metals in blood and alterations in hepatic functions.

Lead pollution and its impact on the status of four other trace elements--Fe, Zn, Br, and Rb--have been studied in the whole blood samples of different population groups employing energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique. These population groups included normal, automobile workers and lead battery manufacturers. The maximum increase in the concentration of trace elements in the blood samples of automobile workers and battery manufacturers was observed for Pb, when compared with normal Pb-B levels. The effect of lead pollution had significantly reduced Zn levels in automobile workers. Fe-B levels in automobile workers had been found to be reduced significantly as compared to control, whereas in battery workers the reduction was not significant. The concentration of Br was greatly enhanced in the blood samples of automobile workers, whereas Rb-B levels were significantly higher in both the automobile and battery workers. Oral administration of lead acetate (100 mg/kg body wt) to experimental rats significantly decreased the activities of hepatic transaminases after 3 and 4 mo of treatment, whereas the activity of hepatic alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly after 4 mo of treatment. It is concluded from this study that higher Pb-B levels greatly influence the levels of other trace elements in human blood samples and also the activities of hepatic transaminases as well as alkaline phosphatase in experimental rats.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and cholesterol modify desaturase activities and fatty acyl constituents of rat intestinal brush border and microsomal membranes of diabetic rats.

The diabetes-associated changes in intestinal uptake of nutrients are modified by isocaloric alterations in the type of dietary lipids, and is associated with alterations in the phospholipid and fatty acyl content of the intestinal brush border membrane. We wished to test the hypothesis that diet- and diabetes-associated changes in brush border membrane phospholipid fatty acids are due to alterations in the activity of enterocyte microsomal delta-5, delta-6 and delta-9 desaturases. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into two groups. In half of the animals, diabetes was produced with the injection of streptozotocin, and the other half of the animals served as nondiabetic controls. Both groups were raised on chow for two weeks and were then randomized to one of four semisynthetic diets for two weeks: beef tallow low in cholesterol (BT), beef tallow high in cholesterol (BTC), fish oil low in cholesterol (FO), or fish oil high in cholesterol (FOC). Feeding a high cholesterol diet increased the activity of jejunal enterocyte microsomal membrane activity of delta-5 and delta-9-desaturases when fed with FO in non-diabetic control rats, increased delta-5-desaturase in diabetic rats fed FO, and increased the ileal activity of delta-5 and delta-6-desaturases in control and diabetic animals fed FO. Dietary fatty acids, cholesterol and diabetes did not produce the changes in the amount of fatty acids in BBM phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine expected from the measured alterations in delta-5 (20:4 omega 6 and 20:5 omega 3), in delta-6 (18:3 omega 6 and 18:4 omega 3), or in delta-9 desaturase (18:1 omega 9 and 16:1 omega 7). In summary, 1) the activities of enterocyte microsomal membrane delta-5, delta-6 and delta-9-desaturases are independently influenced by dietary fatty acids or cholesterol, or by diabetes; 2) changes in dietary fatty acids, cholesterol and diabetes are associated with alterations in the fatty acyl constituents of brush border membrane phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but these fatty acyl changes are not explained on the basis of variations in the activities of the microsomal desaturases. Thus, the intestinal brush border membrane and the enterocyte microsomal desaturases are capable of adapting in response to changes in dietary lipids or diabetes, but the two alterations are not necessarily causally interrelated.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Fish oil modifies effect of high cholesterol diet on intestinal absorption in diabetic rats.

Omega-3 fatty acids ('fish oil') reduce the intestinal absorption of glucose and lipids in normal and in diabetic rats, but their effect is altered by the presence of saturated or poly-unsaturated omega-6 fatty acids in the diet. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the influence of fish oil on the intestinal uptake of nutrients in diabetic rats is also influenced by the cholesterol content of the diet. Streptozotocin diabetic rats were raised for 2 wk on semisynthetic diets in which the lipid composition was derived mainly from beef tallow (BT), beef tallow plus cholesterol (BTC), fish oil (FO), or fish oil plus cholesterol (FOC). Food intake and weight gain was similar in the 4 diet groups, although the fasting blood glucose was lowest in diabetic rats fed BT. Cholesterol supplementation increased intestinal wall and mucosal weights when fed with BT, but the opposite effect was seen with FO, with lower wall and mucosal mass with FOC than with FO. Ileal uptake of D-glucose was lower in FO than in BT or FOC. Cholesterol feeding was associated with enhanced jejunal uptake of cholesterol when fed with BT, but the converse was observed with FO. Thus, 1) the reduction of glucose absorption associated with feeding fish oil is blunted in the presence of a supplemented intake of cholesterol; and 2) a fish oil diet reduces cholesterol uptake even in the presence of a high level of dietary cholesterol. It remains to be established what is the optimal ratio of dietary saturated, polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and cholesterol required to normalize intestinal transport function in diabetic rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Essential fatty acid metabolism in cultured human airway epithelial cells.

To characterize essential fatty acid metabolism of human airway epithelium, we examined the capacity of epithelial cells to incorporate and desaturate/elongate 18:2(n - 6) and the turnover of phospholipid fatty acyl chains in these cells. Epithelial cells were cultured for 5-7 days and incubated with [1-14C]18:2(n - 6) (1 microCi, 100 nmol). The essential fatty acid profile of the cells was readily modified by 18:2(n - 6) supplementation to culture medium. After 4 h incubation, 32 +/- 5.6 nmol of [1-14C]18:2(n - 6) was incorporated into phospholipids (65 +/- 9.5%, of which 74% was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC)) and neutral lipid (31 +/- 10%) per mg protein of cultured cells. 30 +/- 8% of [1-14C]18:2(n - 6) incorporated, was converted to homologous trienes, tetraenes and pentaenes, the major products being 20:3(n - 6) and 20:4(n - 6). The conversion of 18:2(n - 6) was time-dependent and donor age-related. A higher proportion of 20:3(n - 6) and 20:4(n - 6) was incorporated into phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). About 10-15% of total products formed from 18:2(n - 6) was released from membrane to culture medium. Both 20:4(n - 6) and 20:5(n - 3) inhibited 18:2(n - 6) incorporation and desaturation. Rate of incorporation of 18:2(n - 6) was more than either 18:1(n - 9) or 16:0. With pulse-chase studies, the half-life of 18:2(n - 6) in PC, PI and PE was estimated to be 5.5, 6.0 and 7.3 h, respectively. These data indicate active metabolism of essential fatty acids in human airway epithelial cells. This metabolism may play a key role in the regulation of membrane properties and function in these cells.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗

PubMed1992

Desaturation of linoleic acid in the small bowel is increased by short-term fasting and by dietary content of linoleic acid.

The rate of desaturation of linoleic acid (18:2(n - 6)) and level of arachidonic acid (20: 4(n - 6)) in mucosal microsomes from small intestine of rats fasted for 24 h or fed diets of different fatty acid composition was examined. Fasting or feeding a diet high in linoleic acid increased delta 6-desaturase activity, a rate-limiting enzyme in the arachidonic acid biosynthetic pathway in the jejunum. After fasting, delta 6-desaturase activity was also enhanced in the ileum. Feeding a diet rich in n - 3 fatty acids had no significant effect on delta 6-desaturase activity in jejunal or ileal mucosal microsomes. Following fasting, arachidonic acid content of microsomal total phospholipids increased in the jejunum with a concomitant decrease in linoleic acid content. Arachidonic acid and 18:2(n - 6) concentration remained unchanged in ileal microsomes after short-term food withdrawal. Feeding a diet containing n - 3 fatty acids lowered the content of 20:4(n - 6) and increased 20:5(n - 3) and 22:6(n - 3) levels in both jejunal and ileal microsomes. These data indicate that the level of 20:4(n - 6) and the biosynthesis of 20:4(n - 6) by desaturation-chain elongation of 18:2(n - 6) in the rat enterocyte responds rapidly to change in physiological conditions such as fasting and dietary fat composition.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Addition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to formula for very low birth weight infants.

Thirty-four premature infants who were appropriate for gestational age and weighing less than 1500 g at birth were fed "preemie" SMA-24 formula, "preemie" SMA-24 formula manufactured to contain C20 and C22 omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids (LCPE-SMA), or expressed milk (EBM). Blood samples were drawn from a small arm vein during the first week of life and after 28 days of feeding. The fatty acid content of plasma phospholipids was determined. Infants fed SMA-24 had a high content of 18:2 omega 6 in plasma phospholipids. Feeding LCPE-SMA normalized plasma phospholipid levels of C20 and C22 omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids to be similar to levels of C20 and C22 omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids found in infants fed EBM, and significantly higher than characteristic levels for infants fed SMA-24. Feeding LCPE-SMA or EBM results in a balanced incorporation of C20 and C22 omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids into phospholipids derived from the liver or perhaps the small intestine.

Fatty Acids↗

PubMed1991

Effect of automobile exhaust on the distribution of trace elements and its modulation following Fe, Cu, and Zn supplementation.

The effect of automobile exhaust on the distribution of trace elements with special reference to Pb and its modulation following Cu, Zn, and Fe supplementation, in mouse organs, has been studied using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique. Seven elements, namely K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, and Pb, were detected in all the organs. The maximum concentration of Pb was found in lungs followed by that in liver and kidney. The effect of automobile exhaust was found to be significant on the concentrations of Fe and Pb; their concentrations were found to increase in all the organs. However, the concentrations of Cu and Zn were found to be decreased significantly in the liver. In the animals given Fe, Cu, or Zn supplementation along with motor exhaust, the percentage change in the concentration of Pb in lungs was decreased, and that of Fe was increased significantly. In kidney, no significant change was observed for the animals given Cu and Zn, whereas for animals given Fe, the level of Pb decreased significantly. In liver, the reduction in the level of Zn in the exhaust-exposed animals was made up and the level of Pb was reduced following Zn supplementation. These results clearly indicate that Fe and Zn play an important role in Pb metabolism and tend to lower the absorption of Pb. The effect of Fe is more pronounced than that of Zn, whereas the effect of Cu seems to be insignificant.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1991

Dietary fat: exogenous determination of membrane structure and cell function.

Evidence indicates that principal features of the membrane involve structural organization of lipids in the form of a bilayer with functional proteins either bound to the bilayer surface or inserted into the bilayer and interacting within specific domains in the lipid milieux. In homeotherms, intrinsic and extrinsic factors apparently form the basis for determination of membrane lipid composition and thus membrane physicochemical properties. Moreover, many intrinsic metabolic controls, such as fatty acid desaturation and phospholipid biosynthesis, may be attenuated by change in the nature of the extrinsic or dietary influence. This review will focus on the role of dietary fat as a determinant of subcellular structural constituents to illustrate that feeding nutritionally adequate diets differing in fatty acid composition can induce physiological transitions in membrane function involving the activity of enzymes responsible for synthesis of membrane constituents, hormone-activated functions and expression of activity in the cell nucleus.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Primary care teaching physicians' losses of productivity and revenue at three ambulatory-care centers.

This study reports two years of basic data concerning University of Illinois clerkship students, their teaching faculty, and their patients at three community health centers. Students from four classes (1985, 1986, 1987, and 1988) were studied in 1985 and 1986. The faculty were family physicians, internists, and pediatricians who provided 20% of the undergraduate medical education for the last 30 months of a four-year curriculum. The study's goal was to develop estimates of the primary care teaching physicians' productivity, to compare them with the productivity of physicians not involved in teaching, and to provide estimates of revenue shortfalls that occurred for the physicians who were teaching. The estimated productivity of the teaching physicians, working 29 hours a week in ambulatory-care settings, was lower by 30-40% when they were teaching medical students than the productivity of nonteaching physicians regionally and nationally. The average patient-care revenue loss for a full-time-equivalent faculty member per full-time-equivalent student for 1985 was estimated to be $27,531 (regional comparison) or $21,143 (national comparison). The corresponding figures for 1986 were $24,294 and $21,525, respectively. The study's results should be useful to those who are planning to establish ambulatory-care delivery systems and also to directors of existing ambulatory-care delivery systems who may be contemplating accepting medical students.

Community Health Centers↗

PubMed1991

Fish oil-enriched diet is mucosal protective against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.

Products of arachidonic acid metabolism are elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and this elevation is correlated with disease activity. Eicosapentaenoic acid competes with arachidonic acid and alters eicosanoid biosynthesis. In this experiment, the possibility that eicosapentaenoic acid could be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease was investigated by determining the effect of 6 weeks of a fish oil-supplemented diet, enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid, on colonic and ileal morphology, histology, and in vivo fluid absorption in rats with 4% acetic acid-induced colitis. The results of an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet were compared with results of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets. In rats with misoprostol pretreated acetic acid-induced colitis, an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet reversed net colonic fluid secretion to absorption and prevented macroscopic and histologic injury, compared with saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets, which did not. The fish oil mucosal protective effect occurred in the presence of a 30-fold enhancement of PGE2 synthesis. In rats with non-misoprostol pretreated acetic acid-induced colitis, an eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched diet returned ileal fluid absorption to control levels, as compared with saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets, which did not. In conclusion, a fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid)-enriched diet, but not a saturated- or a polyunsaturated-enriched diet, protected colonic and ileal net fluid absorption in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Acetates↗

PubMed1990

Alteration of the lipid composition of rat testicular plasma membranes by dietary (n-3) fatty acids changes the responsiveness of Leydig cells and testosterone synthesis.

Experiments were conducted to assess whether changing dietary fat composition altered phospholipid composition of rat testicular plasma membranes in a manner that altered receptor-mediated action of luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Weanling rats were fed diets that provided high or low cholesterol intakes and that were enriched with linseed oil, fish oil or beef tallow for 4 wk. Feeding diets high in (n-3) fatty acids decreased plasma and testicular plasma membrane 20:4(n-6) content. A marked reduction of the 22:5(n-6) content and an increase in the 22:6(n-3) content of testicular plasma membrane was found only in animals fed fish oil. A decrease in binding capacity of the gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptor in the plasma membrane, with no change in receptor affinity, was observed for animals fed either linseed oil or fish oil diets. Dietary treatments that raised plasma membrane cholesterol content and the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio in the membrane were associated with increased binding capacity of the gonadotropin receptor. Feeding diets high in 18:3(n-3) vs. those high in fish oil altered receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase activity in a manner that depended on the level of dietary cholesterol. Feeding diets high in cholesterol or fish oil increased basal and LH-stimulated testosterone synthesis relative to that in animals fed the low cholesterol diet containing linseed oil. It is concluded that changing the fat composition of the diet alters the phospholipid composition of rat testicular plasma membranes and that this change in composition influences membrane-mediated unmasking of gonadotropin receptor-mediated action in testicular tissue.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed1990

Intestinal microsomes: polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and regulation of enterocyte transport properties.

Recent evidence has suggested that transport of nutrients from the lumen to the interior of the gastrointestinal epithelium and exit of nutrients from the enterocyte to the circulation is governed by physicochemical properties of brush border and basolateral membranes, respectively. The main determinants of membrane properties are phospholipid, cholesterol, and fatty acyl chain composition (chain length and degree of unsaturation). Lipid synthesis occurs in enterocyte microsomes and the fine tuning of lipid composition is done at other subcellular sites by deacylation-reacylation or by changing the polar head group (e.g., by phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase). The present paper will focus on the mechanisms by which enterocyte membranes adapt functional properties in response to external stimuli. It is proposed that under the influence of internal or external stress, the enzymes of lipid metabolism in microsomes are modulated. These changes in lipid synthesis are reflected in other subcellular membranes, changing their physicochemical status and thus transport phenomena. One of the initial events appears to be alteration in desaturase enzyme activity. Our results suggest that desaturase activity and the fatty acyl profiles of the intestinal mucosal phospholipid rapidly respond to physiological conditions such as fasting and dietary fat treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Critical period programming of intestinal glucose transport via alterations in dietary fatty acid composition.

Intestinal adaptation occurs in response to physiological or pathological processes that include resection, aging, diabetes, radiation, lactation, chronic alcohol feeding, and feeding diets of varying lipid, protein, or carbohydrate composition. The mechanisms involved in the adaptive response include alterations in morphology, cell kinetics, digestive enzyme activity, transport, membrane lipid composition, and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. This discussion will review the effect of aging and alterations in dietary fatty acid composition on the small intestine. In addition, it may be possible to program the intestinal response to aging by feeding diets of differing fatty acid composition during the critical period of weaning. Alterations in the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the diet modifies the age-associated changes in the intestinal uptake of glucose. The changes occur rapidly, progressively, and irreversibly, suggesting that the intestinal uptake of glucose is subject to critical period programming. The mechanism by which diet may modify the ability of the intestine to up- or down-regulate glucose transport requires further investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Interactions of saturated, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate arachidonic acid metabolism.

Anti-thrombotic effects of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are believed to be due to their ability to reduce arachidonic acid levels. Therefore, weanling rats were fed n-3 acids in the form of linseed oil (18:3n-3) or fish oil (containing 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) in diets containing high levels of either saturated fatty acids (hydrogenated beef tallow) or high levels of linoleic acid (safflower oil) for 4 weeks. The effect of diet on the rate-limiting enzyme of arachidonic acid biosynthesis (delta 6-desaturase) and on the lipid composition of hepatic microsomal membrane was determined. Both linseed oil- or fish oil-containing diets inhibited conversion of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid. Inhibition was greater with fish oil than with linseed oil, only when fed with saturated fat. delta 6-Desaturase activity was not affected when n-3 fatty acids were fed with high levels of n-6 fatty acids. Arachidonic acid content of serum lipids and hepatic microsomal phospholipids was lower when n-3 fatty acids were fed in combination with beef tallow but not when fed with safflower oil. Similarly, n-3 fatty acids (18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3) accumulated to a greater extent when n-3 fatty acids were fed with beef tallow than with safflower oil. These observations indicate that the efficacy of n-3 fatty acids in reducing arachidonic acid level is dependent on the linoleic acid to saturated fatty acid ratio of the diet consumed.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Hypotriglyceridemic effect of dietary n - 3 fatty acids in rats fed low versus high levels of linoleic acid.

The effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (linseed oil) or eicosapentaenoic acid (fish oil) on serum and liver triacylglycerol levels in rats fed diets rich in saturated fatty acids (hydrogenated beef tallow) versus high in linoleic acid (safflower oil) was examined. Feeding fish oil with hydrogenated tallow lowered the serum triacylglycerol concentration while the combination of fish oil and safflower oil failed to do so. Inclusion of fish oil in the hydrogenated tallow diet lowered the triacylglycerol constant in level tissue whereas inclusion of linseed oil had no significant effect. Feeding of linseed oil or fish oil in the safflower oil diet resulted in lowering of the liver triacylglycerol levels. These results suggest that dietary fish oil may have greater hypotriglyceridemic effects in individuals/populations eating diets high in saturated fats compared with those consuming mainly polyunsaturated vegetable oils rich in n - 6 fatty acids.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Omega-3 fatty acids increase the arachidonic acid content of liver cholesterol ester and plasma triacylglycerol fractions in the rat.

Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary fish oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5,omega 3) lower the content of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in plasma and tissue phospholipids. The present study examined the fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester and triacylglycerol fractions from plasma and livers of rats fed diets enriched with saturated fatty acids (beef tallow), alpha-linolenic acid (linseed oil) or eicosapentaenoic acid (fish oil). Feeding diets containing linseed oil or fish oil for 28 days increased arachidonic acid (C20:4,omega 6) levels in the cholesterol ester fraction of liver and in the triacylglycerol fraction of the plasma lipids. Plasma cholesterol esters were depleted of C20:4,omega 6 after feeding of the diet containing either linseed oil or fish oil. The changes in C20:4,omega 6 content cannot be explained by alterations in cholesterol ester or triacylglycerol pools of plasma and liver. These results suggest that the decrease in phospholipid C20:4,omega 6 content generally observed after fish oil consumption may be partly due to a shift of C20:4,omega 6 from phospholipid to the triacylglycerol and/or cholesterol ester pools in the same tissue. Triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters may therefore play a buffering role in the homeostatic maintenance of tissue phospholipid levels of arachidonic acid.

Animals↗