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Biomedical subjects

M L Garg

Publications and source records attributed to M L Garg.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A comparison of the influence of diets high in saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids on lipid composition and glucose-6-phosphatase activity of rat liver microsomes.

Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity in microsomes (M-SF) prepared from livers of rats fed a saturated fat-enriched diet has been observed to be 20-30% higher than in microsomes (M-PUF) prepared from rats fed a polyunsaturated fat-enriched diet. This difference was persisted throughout the 49 days experimental period. Neutral lipids of M-PUF contained a significantly higher concentration of 18:2 and 20:4, and a lower concentration of 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1 whereas in phospholipids 18:2 and 20:4 accumulated at the expense of 16:0 as compared to M-SF. Total phospholipid content from M-PUF was 30% lower than that from M-SF but the proportional phospholipid composition remained the same. An increase in cholesterol content was observed in M-PUF and this increase was localized in the ester fraction of cholesterol. These observations clearly indicate that manipulations of dietary lipids can influence both the fatty acid profiles and enzyme function of hepatic microsomal membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Membrane homeostasis: thermotropic behaviour of microsomal membrane lipids isolated from livers of rats fed cholesterol-supplemented diets.

Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) has been applied to study the phase transition properties of isolated lipids from liver microsomal membranes of rats fed high cholesterol diets with or without high levels of either saturated (coconut oil) or unsaturated (sunflower seed oil) fat. DSC of aqueous buffer dispersions of liver microsomal lipids exhibited two independent, reversible phase transitions. The dietary cholesterol treatments had their major effect on the temperature at which the lower phase transition (T1) occurred. This transition occurred at a lower temperature when cholesterol was added to the diet, irrespective of the nature of the fatty acid supplement. However the magnitude of decrease was more when cholesterol was fed with sunflower seed oil. Inclusion of cholesterol into the rat diets also lowered the enthalpy values for the lower phase transition (T1). No appreciable effect on the temperature of the higher phase transition (T2) was observed, however the enthalpy values were slightly decreased by cholesterol feeding. These results suggest that certain domains of microsomal lipids, probably containing some relatively higher melting-point lipids, independently undergo solidus or gel formation and this transition (T2) is not greatly affected by dietary cholesterol. On the other hand, domains representing the bulk of the microsomal lipids undergo a phase change (T1) at temperatures which are dependent on cholesterol content and fatty acid profiles of the membrane, which are in turn, modified by dietary cholesterol intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Reimbursing for residency training: how many times?

Through an investigation of charges generated for 105 patients treated for congestive heart failure, three issues of reimbursement policy for graduate medical education are examined: 1) reimbursement policy by third parties for resident salaries and for the portion of teaching physicians' time devoted to graduate medical education; 2) the level of involvement for physicians in dual roles as attending physicians for private patients when simultaneously engaged in graduate medical education and supervising patient care delivered by residents; and 3) the greater utilization of hospital resources in teaching units. The results demonstrate that the reimbursement policy, as presently practiced, ignores the basic differences in the level of involvement between teaching and nonteaching physicians. The data also show for the first time the incremental effect of graduate medical education in a teaching hospital. Several alternatives are suggested to eliminate the deficiencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Student peer review of diagnostic tests at the Medical College of Ohio.

Students in their clinical clerkship performed retrospective reviews of their peers' laboratory usage patterns. Data covering the patient's history and physical examination, problem list, and treatment plan had been completed by students during internal medicine and pediatrics rotations. This information, along with the first day's diagnostic orders, was provided to community medicine clerkship students who then evaluated the cost and medical necessity of diagnostic tests ordered in light of the problem information. Application of such cost control programs, before students form definitive conceptions of treatment, may contribute to more cost-conscious behavior in their future medical practice.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1978

Evaluating inpatient costs: the staging mechanism.

Inpatient records at a short-term hospital over two years were analyzed according to the stage or degree of severity of their discharge diagnosis to examine their utilization of services. Patients with a more severe disease stage for surgical and medical conditions generated substantially higher total charges, ancillary charges, and had longer lengths of stay. At the 75th percentile (representing that value at which three-quarters of the cases fall below it in magnitude), increases in total charges from Stage I to II for ulcer of stomach, appendicitis, and diverticulitis were 103, 168, and 110 per cent, respectively. Ancillary charges for these diseases showed even greater increases, 167, 200, and 160 per cent, respectively. Components of ancillary charges revealed similar trends. The results suggest that a twofold review mechanism incorporating length of stay and charges, using the staging technique, would make the review procedure more discriminating in identifying cases appropriate for review.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1978

Diagnostic testing as a cost factor in teaching institutions.

Clinical data are analyzed to examine the degree of reliance residents in training place on diagnostic tests and procedures in patient management and the extent of educational costs incurred for patient care in a teaching hospital. To help limit the ordering of diagnostic tests, resident trainees need to be kept aware of the validity, reliability, and diagnostic utility of specific laboratory tests in certain clinical situations.

Diagnostic Services↗
PubMed1977

Malignancy in rheumatic disease: interrelationships.

Patients with inflammatory arthritis and malignancy comprise two distinct populations. One group represents the chance occurrence of malignancy and rheumatic disease. These patients have symmetric polyarthritis, chiefly classic rheumatoid arthritis, and react positively to the rheumatoid factor test. There is no temporal relationship between tumor onset and rheumatic disease onset. In the second group, there may be a causal relationship between the malignancy and the rheumatic disease. These patients have asymmetric rather than symmetric arthritis and test results are negative for rheumatoid factor. There is a close temporal relationship between the onset of the tumor and the onset of the rheumatic disease. The mortality rate is significantly higher than in patients with symmetric polyarthritis. In 80 percent of women with asymmetric arthritis and malignancy, the tumor is mammary carcinoma. This indicates the advisability of a careful breast examination in this group of women.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effects of vasectomy on the testis and accessory sex glands of the Hartley strain guinea pig.

The short term effects of bilateral vasectomy on the testis and the accessory sex glands of the guinea pig were compared with the effects of sham operation and unilateral vasectomy at 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks after operation. The testis weights, sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, histology, epididymal sperm number, and motility were recorded. Accessory sex glands were weighed and chemically analyzed for fructose and citric acid content. The citric acid concentration of the dorsolateral prostate of the bilateral vasectomy group was significantly higher than concentrations in sham-operated and unilateral vasectomy groups at 3 weeks only. This may indicate transient hormonal derangement as a result of vasectomy. No significant differences were noted between testes of vasectomy and sham-operated groups. The unligated side testes of the unilateral vasectomy group were different from the testes of vasectomy and sham-operated groups. We conclude that interruption and ligation of the vas deferens itself has no effect on the testis of the guinea pig. Furthermore, all vasectomy experiments should include sham-operated controls.

Animals↗