PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M L Haapanen

Publications and source records attributed to M L Haapanen.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sound spectra in cleft palate patients with a Sanvenero-Rosselli and modified Honig secondary velopharyngeal flap.

The averaged sound spectra produced by cleft patients with a Sanvenero-Rosselli (SR, n = 4) and modified Honig (MH, n = 4) velopharyngeal flap were compared with each other and with the spectra produced by 4 healthy controls. Each subject produced 16 sound spectra; the total number of spectra was 432. The results indicated that the averaged sound spectra produced by MH patients resembled more closely the spectra produced by healthy controls, while the spectra by SR patients differed from those of MH patients and controls. It was concluded that the differences in the averaged spectra of SR and MH patients reflected differences in the region of the oral cavity, particularly the oropharynx rather than the region of the nasopharynx. The results of this preliminary study indicate that this topic is worth further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nasalance scores in patients with a modified Honig velopharyngeal flap before and after operation.

Nasalance scores were measured with a model 6200 Nasometer in 28 patients with cleft palates and 8 patients with signs of velopharyngeal insufficiency but no cleft palate, both before and after a modified Honig velopharyngeal flap operation. The nasalance measurements were compared with subjective speech assessments. Patients were assessed as normal or borderline if their scores were < 30, and as having hypernasal speech if the score was > 29. The overall scores were improved by operation from a mean (SD) of 47 (13) to 26 (12). It was concluded that a modified Honig velopharyngeal flap is effective in eliminating hypernasality as defined by the nasalance scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Correlation between the age at repair and speech outcome in patients with isolated cleft palate.

The effect of the age at primary palatal repair on the speech of 3-year old children with isolated cleft palate was assessed. The group comprised 108 consecutive children whose palates were repaired at the mean ages of 12.9 (n = 45), 18.5 (n = 18) and 22.1 months (n = 45). Signs of cleft palate speech and the degree of speech impairment were recorded. The signs sought were: hypernasality, audible nasal air emission, and misarticulations associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency. The speech impairments were subdivided into three categories by combining the signs of cleft palate speech. The results showed that children who were operated on at the age of about 12-18 months were significantly better speakers than those operated on later. Of these 46 were rated as normal or practically normal speakers (73%), compared with 10 of the children who had their repairs delayed until about 22 months (22%). As a result of the speech evaluations, it was predicted that 5 (11%), 0 and 21 (47%) children in the early, middle, and late closure groups, respectively, required secondary surgery to eliminate signs of cleft palate speech associated with velopharyngeal inadequacy. The numbers who had secondary surgery were 4, 0 and 18 in the three groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Factors affecting speech in patients with isolated cleft palate. A methodic, clinical and instrumental study.

The present study deals with various factors affecting speech, particularly its resonance, in patients with isolated cleft palate. For that purpose a method to evaluate hypernasality was developed. The degree of hypernasality was assessed in terms of hypernasality indexes by means of a modified cul-de-sac hypernasality test. The phonetic content of the test words was chosen so as not to bias the evaluations by compensatory articulations. The reliability and validity of four variations of hypernasality indexes were examined. All these four indexes proved reliable, valid and feasible for evaluating hypernasality. The hypernasality indexes were compared with nasalance scores derived from the Model 6200 Nasometer (The Nasometer 1987, Fletcher et al. 1989). Reference nasalance scores for normal Finnish speech were measured. The mean percent nasalance and the standard deviation were 13 and 8, respectively. In addition to the present hypernasality test modification, more traditional descriptive speech analysis was used in some studies. The effect of the age at primary palatal repair on speech was examined in three year old children with isolated cleft palate. The effect on speech of two techniques for primary palatal repair - a Veau-Wardill-Kilner V to Y push back procedure and the Cronin modification - were compared in young adults with isolated cleft palate. The effect on speech of two techniques for a secondary velopharyngeal flap - a Sanvenero-Rosselli and modified Honig flap - were compared in patients with various ages and cleft types. One third had cleft lip and palate or submucous cleft palate. The rest had isolated cleft palate. The quality of speech was significantly dependent on the age at primary palatal repair. The children, whose palatal repair was performed at the average age of 22 months demonstrated, significantly more frequently, hypernasality and misarticulations related to velopharyngeal insufficiency than the children operated upon earlier. The children operated upon between the average ages of 12-18 months, demonstrated normal speech in about 3/4 of the cases. If the palate was operated on later, about 1/4 of the patients demonstrated normal speech. The technique for primary palatal repair had a significant influence on the quality of speech. Hypernasality assessed in terms of hypernasality indexes was less frequent in the speech of patients with the Cronin modification than with the Veau-Wardill-Kilner push back procedure. The technique for the secondary velopharyngeal flap also affected speech significantly. The patients with a modified Honig velopharyngeal flap eliminated more efficiently hypernasality from their speech than those with a Sanvenero-Rosselli flap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1991

Hypernasality and the nasopharyngeal space. A cephalometric study.

In the present study cephalometric measurements reflecting the nasopharyngeal space were traced on lateral cephalometric X-rays in 59 young adults with an isolated cleft palate. The distribution of the measurements AD1-PNS, AD2-PNS, AD1-BA, AD2-SO and PNS-BA and the magnitude of the hypernasality were analyzed with the ANOVA procedure and Duncan's multiple range test. The degree of hypernasality was assessed in terms of the hypernasality index. The results showed that AD1-PNS and AD2-PNS measurements were significantly related to the hypernasality index at the risk level of 0.03 and 0.05 per cent, respectively. The patients with the shortest sagittal depth of the nasopharynx had normal resonance in their speech, while the patients with the longest measurements demonstrated hypernasality. The thickness of the posterior pharyngeal wall in terms of AD2-SO was not clearly significant for speech, although the patients with the longest measurements tended to speak without hypernasal resonance. The other cephalometric measurements, i.e. AD1-BA and PNS-BA were not significantly related to the occurrence of hypernasality. It was concluded that the cephalometric measurements reflecting nasopharyngeal space are correlated with the occurrence of hypernasality, but the relationship is by no means simple and linear, and therefore it requires further study.

Adolescent↗