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Biomedical subjects

M L Kelley

Publications and source records attributed to M L Kelley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) homologue from the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria: evidence that invertebrate AHR homologues lack 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and beta-naphthoflavone binding.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates numerous toxic effects following exposure of vertebrate animals to certain aromatic environmental contaminants, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). To investigate possible effects of TCDD on invertebrates, a cDNA encoding an AHR homologue was cloned from the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria. The predicted amino acid sequence contains regions characteristic of vertebrate AHRs: basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) domains and a glutamine-rich region. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the clam AHR sequence groups within the AHR subfamily of the bHLH-PAS family, in a clade containing AHR homologues from Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. AHR mRNA expression was detected in all tissue types tested: adductor muscle, digestive gland, foot, gill, gonad, mantle, and siphon. The in vitro-expressed clam AHR exhibited sequence-specific interactions with a mammalian xenobiotic response element (XRE). Velocity sedimentation analysis using either in vitro-expressed clam AHR or clam cytosolic proteins showed that this AHR homologue binds neither [(3)H]TCDD nor [(3)H]beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). Similarly, in vitro-expressed D. melanogaster and C. elegans AHR homologues lacked specific binding of these compounds. Thus, the absence of specific, high-affinity binding of the prototypical AHR ligands TCDD and BNF, is a property shared by known invertebrate AHR homologues, distinguishing them from vertebrate AHRs. Comparative studies of phylogenetically diverse organisms may help identify an endogenous ligand(s) and the physiological role(s) for this protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Expression of homologues for p53 and p73 in the softshell clam (Mya arenaria), a naturally-occurring model for human cancer.

Homologues for human p53 (Hsp53) and p73 (Hsp73) genes were cloned and expression patterns for their corresponding proteins analysed in tissues from normal and leukemic softshell clams (Mya arenaria). These are the first structural and functional data for p53 and p73 cDNAs and gene products in a naturally occurring, non-mammalian disease model. Core sequence of the predicted clam p53 (Map53) and p73 (Map73) proteins is virtually identical and includes the following highly conserved regions: the transcriptional activation domain (TAD), MDM2 binding site, ATM phosphorylation site, proline rich domain, DNA binding domains (DBDs) II-V, nuclear import and export signals and the tetramerization domain. The core sequence is a structural mosaic of the corresponding human proteins, with the TAD and DBDs resembling Hsp53 and Hsp73, respectively. This suggests that Map53 and Map73 proteins may function similarly to human proteins. Clam proteins have either a short (Map53) or long (Map73) C-terminal extension. These features suggest that Map53 and Map73 may be alternate splice variants of a p63/p73-like ancestral gene. Map73 is significantly upregulated in hemocytes and adductor muscle from leukemic clams. In leukemic hemocytes, both proteins are absent from the nucleus and sequestered in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that a non-mutational p53/p73-dependent mechanism may be involved in the clam disease. Further studies of these gene products in clams may reveal p53/p73-related molecular mechanisms that are held in common with Burkitt's lymphoma or other human cancers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Internalizing and externalizing behavior of children with enlisted Navy mothers experiencing military-induced separation.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether children with Navy mothers exhibit higher levels of internalizing and externalizing behavior than children in civilian families and whether deployment affects children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. METHOD: Navy mothers who experienced deployment completed a measure assessing children's internalizing and externalizing behavior before and after a deployment (and at similar intervals for the Navy and civilian comparison groups). Data collection took place between 1996 and 1998. RESULTS: Navy children with deployed mothers exhibited higher levels of internalizing behavior than children with nondeployed Navy mothers. Navy children whose mothers experienced deployment were more likely to exhibit clinical levels of internalizing behavior than Navy children with nondeployed mothers or civilian children. Group differences, however, were modest and overall mean scores were in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Findings do not suggest greater pathology in children of Navy mothers; however, findings do indicate we should be particularly attentive of deployed mothers and their children.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Behavioral screening in well-child care: validation of the Toddler Behavior Screening Inventory.

OBJECTIVE: To provide additional normative and validity data on the TBSI, especially to examine differences in clinical and nonclinical samples. METHODS: The sample included 312 nonclinical and 50 clinical mothers of toddlers. Clinical participants consisted of mothers of toddlers who had been referred for outpatient psychological services. Mothers completed the TBSI, a 40-item behavioral screening measure for children 12 to 41 months old. The measure assesses frequency in which the behaviors occur and whether the mothers perceived the behaviors as problematic. In addition to the TBSI, mothers also completed several measures of maternal distress and social support. RESULTS: The findings support the reliability and validity of the TBSL. In addition, the study found that TBSI scores effectively discriminated clinical from nonclinical participants. CONCLUSIONS: The TBSI is a promising behavioral screening instrument that can be easily incorporated into a medical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Communicating at life's end.

With more and more people choosing to die at home, palliative care is an increasingly important field. The challenge for those of us working in the field is to develop a comprehensive system of care that will provide high quality, in-home support. Such support involves a large network of formal and informal caregivers--family members, caregiving friends, homemakers and a variety of health care providers--who collaborate together and with the individual to provide holistic care. Thus, co-ordination, collaboration and communication are essential if this network is to meet the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of the dying and their families.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Masculinity ideology among young African American and European American women and men in different regions of the United States.

This is a report of 2 studies. Study 1, a replication of R.F. Levant and R.G. Majors (1997), examined variations in the endorsement of traditional and nontraditional masculinity ideology, by gender and race, among 270 African American and 226 European American young men and women using the Male Role Norms Inventory (MRNI; Levant & Fischer, in press). Although both gender and race differences in masculinity ideology were significant, gender had a larger effect size. Study 2, focused on the effect of residence in different geographic regions of the country, compared the MRNI scores of the more metropolitan Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic sample of the present study with those of the more rural Southern sample used by Levant and Majors. This study found that the effect of geographic place of residence moderates the effect of race on masculinity ideology, which underscores the importance of subcultural variations (e.g., metropolitan vs. rural) within cultural groups defined by race.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Differential emotions theory: relative contribution of emotion, cognition, and behavior to the prediction of depressive symptomatology in non-referred adolescents.

This study examined the relative contribution of emotions, cognition, and behavior to depressive symptomatology with 80 non-referred adolescents. Differential emotions theory emphasized emotions but pointed to the importance of behavioral and cognitive variables. Subjects completed self-rating scales, theoretically related to depression and differential emotions theory, assessing depressive symptomatology, emotions, automatic dysfunctional thoughts, and activity. Two hierarchical multiple regression models entered the emotional variables first but varied the entry of behavioral and cognitive variables. The findings emphasized the interplay between emotion and behavior, and provided equivocal support for the role of cognition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Development and validation of the Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (SAVE).

Empirical evidence was provided on the utility of the Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (SAVE) in assessing adolescent exposure to school, home, and community violence. The SAVE was empirically developed on 1,250 inner-city adolescents, and obtained excellent reliability and validity. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified three factors: Traumatic Violence, Indirect Violence, and Physical/Verbal Abuse. The SAVE demonstrated utility in classifying high- and low-violence participants, and correlated significantly with both objective crime data and theoretically relevant constructs (anger, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and internalizing/externalizing problems). Thus, the SAVE provides measurement of the stressor criterion associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, and allows quantification of severity of violence exposure by setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The development of the Toddler Behavior Screening Inventory.

The purpose of the present study was to develop the Toddler Behavior Screening Inventory (TBSI) for rapidly assessing maternal reports of toddler behavior problems. The TBSI is a 40-item measure intended for use by pediatricians, psychologists, and other child-care professionals. A group of mothers (n = 312) rated the initial 93-item TBSI in terms of behavior frequency and parental perception of the behavior as problematic. Following item elimination, 40 items were retained due to being both frequent and problematic at all toddler age levels. Data were obtained with a new sample of mothers (n = 581) and showed the TBSI to possess good reliability and validity.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1997

The efficacy of a response cost-based treatment package for managing aggressive behavior in preschoolers.

The present study examined the effectiveness of a response cost treatment package for improving the classroom behavior of four aggressive preschoolers. Using a multiple baseline design, teachers implemented the response cost system during the treatment phases of the study. The system required teachers to remove smiley faces contingent on aggressive behavior. Each face loss was accompanied by a reprimand. If the child retained at least one smiley face at the end of the observation period, he was allowed to choose from a list of rewards. Rewards were easily administered at school. The results indicated that the response cost treatment package substantially decreased aggressive behavior and was a highly acceptable classroom treatment to teachers and parents.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

I want to live here for rest of my life. The challenge of case management for rural seniors.

The research on long-term care for seniors clearly demonstrates that efforts to integrate urban case management services with elderly people living in rural settings have not been successful. Presenting findings of the Rural Seniors Assisted Living Study conducted in northwestern Ontario, Canada, this article demonstrates the complexity of providing health and social services for seniors living in small rural communities, services that are often vastly different from those provided in urban communities. The article proposes a specialized Rural Case Management approach with rural elderly clients and identifies four intervention roles: providing direct service, consulting extensively with specialists of other disciplines, constructing and supporting natural helping networks, and resource management. The approach also requires that the rural case manager assume a leadership role at the community level in the development of services for seniors. Having a locally based case manager rather that a case manager who travels out to rural areas from an urban center is essential to the success of this rural case management approach. Finally, the article contends that rural case management differs from urban case management by requiring specialized knowledge, skills and educational programs.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Palliative care providers' perspectives on service and education needs.

To obtain the information necessary for coordinated regional program development, we examined (a) the multidisciplinary viewpoint of palliative care service provision and (b) the continuing education needs reported by non-physician service providers. Of 146 surveys distributed to care providers from multiple settings, 135 were returned. Respondents cited these problems: fragmented services, poor pain and symptom control, lack of education for providers, lack of public awareness, problems with the continuity and coordination of care, lack of respite, and lack of hospice beds. Stress management for caregivers, pain management, communication skills, and symptom assessment were rated as priorities in continuing education. Lectures, small group discussions, practicum, and regular medical centre rounds were the preferred learning formats, while costs and staff shortages were cited as educational barriers.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1995

Promoting academic performance in inattentive children. The relative efficacy of school-home notes with and without response cost.

The present study examined the effectiveness of two different school-home notes for increasing academic productivity and appropriate classroom behavior in five inattentive children. Using an alternating treatments design, students received a school-home note with or without response cost. Both notes required teachers to evaluate students and required parents to provide consequences on a daily basis. The notes differed as to whether reprimands and response cost were included. The results indicated that on-task behavior and academic work completion improved in all five elementary school-aged children. The majority of subjects achieved greater improvements in on-task behavior with the response-cost component added to the school-home note.

Achievement↗
PubMed1995

Predictors of postnatal head molding in very low birth weight infants.

This study examined potential predictors of postnatal head molding in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Occipital-frontal circumference (OFC) and anterior-posterior (AP) and biparietal (BP) diameter measurements were obtained on 144 premature infants with birth weights of less than 1,500 gm. Measurements were obtained at four days of age (baseline) and weekly until discharge. Increasing gestational age, higher birth weight, and delivery by cesarean section predicted larger OFC at three weeks of life. Only baseline AP:BP measurements significantly predicted AP:BP measurements at week 3 and 5. Within-group t-tests indicated that the severity of head molding (as indicated by AP:BP ratio) increased throughout the first six weeks of life. Results indicate that postnatal head molding can be reliably predicted and that neonates with higher AP:BP ratios at birth are at greater risk for continued narrow, elongated head shape.

Cephalometry↗