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Biomedical subjects

M L Lepow

Publications and source records attributed to M L Lepow.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Persistence of antibody following immunization of children with groups A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines.

Persistence of antibody following immunization with groups A and C meningococcal polysaccharides was studied in two groups of children. Cohort 1 (20 children, 2 to 11 years of age) received two doses of A vaccine three years apart; cohort 2 (1,345 children, 6 to 8 years of age) received A or C vaccine initially and the heterologous vaccine one year later. No significant reactions were observed. Geometric mean anti-A concentrations one month after primary and booster immunization in cohort 1 were 8.77 and 13.08 microgram/ml, respectively. Mean anti-A concentration declined 32% one year after booster immunization, but then stabilized. Mean anti-A and anti-C concentrations in cohort 2 were 9.35 and 9.12 microgram/ml, respectively, one month after primary immunization. Mean anti-A concentration declined to 5.54 and 3.62 microgram/ml while anti-C levels fell to 2.35 and 1.47 microgram/ml one and four years after immunization. The proportion of children in cohort 2 with greater than or equal to 2.0 microgram/ml of anti-A and anti-C four years after immunization were 80% and 40%, respectively. An antibody concentration greater than or equal to 2.0 microgram/ml has been associated with protection against meningococcal disease. The results suggest that routine immunization of young infants with group A vaccine may result in long-lasting immunity. The usefulness of the presently available group C vaccine appears to be limited to the control of epidemics.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

Clinical evaluation of group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines in infants.

Group A and group C meningoccal polysaccharide vaccines were evaluated in infants. No significant local or systemic reactions were observed with 908 doses of vaccine given to 396 infants between 3 and 12 mo of age. The antibody response varied with the age of the infant, vaccine dose, molecular weight of vaccine, prior immunization with vaccine, and prior exposure to naturally occurring cross-reactive antigens. Only 7% of 3-mo-old infants had detectable antibody responses to primary immunization with 5-200 mug of A vaccine, presumably because of suppressive effects of high concentrations of maternal anti-A. More than 90% of 7- and 12-mo-old infants responded to A vaccine, achieving geometric mean anti-A concentrations of 0.38 and 0.98 mug/ml, respectively. The dose-response curve was flat between 10 and 200 mug of A vaccine. Geometric mean anti-A concentrations of 2.51 and 4.00 mug/ml were induced in 7- and 12-mo-old infants by booster injections of A vaccine. Approximately 90% of 3-mo-old infants had detectable antibody responses to primary immunization with C vaccine. The 100-mug dose appeared to be optimal, resulting in geometric mean anti-C concentrations of 0.49, 1.55, and 2.64 mug/ml in 3-, 7-, and 12-mo-old infants, respectively. Significant booster responses were not observed with C vaccine. Indeed, except for the 10-mug dose, booster injections of C vaccine in 7- and 12-mo-old infants resulted in lower anti-C concentrations than did primary immunizations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Measles immunization status in 1972 among first- and second-grade school children in Danbury, Connecticut.

An increased incidence of rubeola among first-grade Danbury school children in 1973 led to a study of seroimmunity to rubeola in a random sample of 60% of the first- and second-grade school children (299) from whom blood samples had been obtained in October 1972 during a voluntary meningococcal vaccination program. Immunization histories derived from physicians' statements on school entry were obtained from school health department records and included date of immunization. Seventy-five percent of the study group had received measles vaccine. Of those immunized prior to 11 months of age only half had an hemagglutinating inhibiting titer (HAI) of greater than or equal to 5 five to seven years later. This antibody level correlates with immunity. Eighty-five to ninety percent of those immunized during or after the 11th month had an antibody titer of greater than or equal to 5. Seventy-one percent of those never immunized also had an HAI titer of greater than or equal to 5 indicating natural infection had occurred. As a result of this investigation, a community-wide program was initiated to vaccinate those who were more than 1 year old as well as reimmunize those who had been vaccinated before the 11th month in accord with current U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for measles immunization.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Role of airborne lead in increased body burden of lead in Hartford children.

The ingestion of airborne lead fallout is the mechanism responsible for increased lead body burdens found in 10 urban Connecticut children. The mean indoor lead levels found in housedust was 11,000 mug/g; highest concentrations occurred on windowsills and in floor dust. The mean lead content of Hartford street dirt was 1,200 mug/g; levels were highest near the street and next to the buildings. The mean lead concentration of hand samples taken from the subject children was 2,400 mug/g; the mean weight of hand samples was 11 mg. The concentration of lead in dirt and househould dust was high enough to theoretically result in excessive lead accumulation in young children who are putting their dusty, dirty hands in their mouths during play. While we believe that lead emitted from automobiles contributes significantly to air, dirt and dust lead levels the environmental impact of reducing or eliminating lead from gasoline is not yet completely understood.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1970

Simian virus 40 in polio vaccine: follow-up of newborn recipients.

Soon after birth, when susceptibility to carcinogens should be enhanced, a group of children received oral polio vaccine which was later found to contain significant amounts of simian virus 40. Eight years after the incident, no cancer deaths have been observed among the vaccinated children, but continued surveillance is needed before concluding that simian virus 40 is innocuous to man.

Child↗