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Biomedical subjects

M L Newman

Publications and source records attributed to M L Newman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Assessment of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of a temperate bamboo collection by using transferred EST-SSR markers.

Polymorphic expressed sequence tag - simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from major cereal crops were used to assess the genetic diversity of the USDA temperate bamboo collection consisting of 92 accessions classified in 11 separate genera and 44 species. A total of 211 bands were detected with a mean number of alleles per locus of 8.440. Phylogenetic relationships were determined by calculating genetic distances between all pairwise combinations and assessing differences in character data. The resulting dendrograms (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) and parsimony) clustered the accessions into 2 main clades, which corresponded to accessions characterized morphologically as either clumping (sympodial) or running (monopodial) bamboos. The majority of the accessions clustered according to their current taxonomic classification. These markers were also beneficial in identifying contaminated and (or) misidentified plots. Overall, these transferred markers were informative in differentiating the various bamboo accessions and determining the level of genetic variation within and among species and genera.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Putting the "affirm" into affirmative action: preferential selection and academic performance.

Two studies explored the relation between academic performance and preferential selection. In Study 1, female participants were led to believe that they had been selected to be leaders in a team problem-solving task because of their gender, because of their gender and ability, or at random. Results showed that women who believed they had been selected because of their gender performed significantly worse on a subsequent problem-solving test than women who believed they had been selected at random and women who believed they were selected because of both their gender and their ability. In Study 2, students' suspicion of having benefited from race-based preferences in college admissions was negatively related to their grade point average (GPA). Furthermore, this suspicion partially mediated the GPA gap between academically stigmatized (Black and Latino) and nonstigmatized (Caucasian and Asian) students.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of dietary inducer dimethylfumarate on glutathione in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of dimethylfumarate (DMF), an inducer of glutathione (GSH)-dependent detoxification, on intracellular GSH levels in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells, its mechanism of action, and its effect on hRPE cells subjected to oxidative injury. METHODS: Established hRPE cell lines were treated with DMF and assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for intracellular and extracellular GSH levels. Quantification of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GLCL) was determined through northern and western blot analyses, and activity was measured. Effects of pretreatment with DMF on GSH redox status of hRPE cells was determined. Sensitivity of hRPE cells to oxidative stress was determined using tert-butylhydroperoxide as the oxidative agent. RESULTS: Dimethylfumarate caused a transient decrease followed by a significant increase in intracellular GSH. Glutathione increased maximally at 24 hours with 100 to 200 microM DMF. The initial decrease could be accounted for by the formation of a DMF-GSH conjugate. Dimethylfumarate treatment increased the steady state mRNA expression of the regulatory subunit of GLCL, but no increase was seen for the catalytic subunit. However, protein levels were increased for both, and the catalytic activity of GLCL was also increased. Whereas the initial decrease in GSH made hRPE cells more susceptible to oxidative damage, pretreatment with DMF under conditions that increased intracellular GSH protected hRPE cells against oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a means by which the antioxidant capability of hRPE may be augmented without direct antioxidant supplementation. Specifically, a dietary compound that conjugates with GSH can induce GSH synthesis, increase GSH concentration, and improve protection by GSH-dependent detoxification pathways in hRPE. However, the early depletion of GSH before stimulated synthesis necessitates caution in prevention strategies using dietary inducers.

Aminoacyltransferases↗
PubMed1996

Lymphedema complicated by pain and psychological distress: a case with complex treatment needs.

One complication of breast cancer treatment is lymphedema of the ipsilateral arm. The one-third of lymphedema patients who experience pain report more functional interference, psychiatric symptoms, and distress related to intrusive and avoidant thoughts than patients without pain. Lymphedema patients with pain also report higher levels of body image disturbance and decreased sexual drive. We present a case example illustrating how pain can undermine rehabilitative efforts and detract from quality of life. In addition, the most common causes of pain in patients with upper extremity lymphedema are discussed. Pain related to lymphedema is a neglected aspect of this often overlooked problem in breast cancer survivorship.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Successful long-term use of a plasmapheresis reactor system in dogs with lymphoma.

The successful long-term use of asparaginase-glutaminase reactor in dogs with lymphoma is described. The limitations of the system consisting of an activation of enzymes leading to rapid neosynthesis of asparagine and glutamine are outlined. The possible beneficial effect of future combination therapy with amino acid analogues is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The bio-artificial organ: review and progress report.

A definition and a review is given for the bioartificial organ. In addition new developments are reported with the successful lyophilization of enzyme filled RCG with cryoprotective polyethylene glycol (PEG). The successful use of an enzyme reactor consisting of crosslinked fibrin with asparaginase covalently attached is reported in sheep. The small organ (0.4 m2) removes 70% of the animal's asparagine in 6 hours. No enzyme leakage down to 10(-5) units per ml. plasma could be found. The highly preserved substrate affinity of insolubilized asparaginase as well as its high activity and stability when bound to fibrin are additional outstanding features of this system.

Animals↗