Thionamides for hyperthyroidism: on a clear day you can treat forever.
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Amides↗
Biomedical subjects
M L Nusynowitz
Publications and source records attributed to M L Nusynowitz.
Thyroid dysfunction in the ailing, aging, and aberrant.
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Aging↗
Nuclear medicine.
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Cardiovascular System↗
The treatment of benign thyroid disease.
The treatment of benign forms of thyroid disease is reviewed. Endemic goiter is a public health problem preventable by the addition of iodine to the food or water supply. Endemic and familial goiters are treated with replacement doses of I-thyroxine, as are sporadic colloid goiters and goiters resulting from chronic thyroiditis. Hyperfunctioning autionomous nodules without thyrotoxicosis and cystic nodules require no specific therapy. Prophylaxis against diffuse or nodular goiter after radiation to the head or neck for therapeutic purposes with thyroxine replacement therapy is debatable. All forms of hypothyroidism, including incipient types, require replacement thyroxine therapy, but this should be undertaken cautiously in older patients and in those with evidence of ischemic myocardial disease. Myxedema coma requires vigorous treatment and detailed supervision because of dismal mortality rates. Iodine 131 is the treatment of choice in diffuse toxic goiter, but alternative forms.
Adolescent↗
Brain scan abnormalities in intracerebral sarcoidosis.
We present a case in which dramatic anterior midline uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate simulated a suprasellar tumor in a patient with sarcoid. The brain scan abnormalities proved to represent extensive hypothalamic and basal ganglia involvement by sarcoidosis.
Adult↗
Cranial cholesteatoma: unusual 99mTc-Sn polyphosphate and 99mTc-pertechnetate scintiphotos.
Results of the brain and bone scintigraphy in a case of cranial cholesteatoma are described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. With both techniques, the lesion is characterized by diminished central and increased peripheral activity.
Brain Diseases↗
Single injection thallium-201 stress and redistribution myocardial perfusion imaging: comparison with stress electrocardiography and coronary arteriography.
The efficacy of single injection thallium-201 exercise stress and rest redistribution imaging in the evaluation of myocardiacl ischemia was compared with stress electrocardiography and coronary arteriography. Thallium-201 imaging was interpreted at two levels of sensitivity in order to define the circumstances under which it best serves as a screening modality for coronary arteriography. With the prevalence of coronary disease usually found in patients referred for coronary arteriography (75%), unprocessed thallium-201 imaging is as good as stress electrocardiography in identifying patients apt to show coronary artery abnormalities, but not much better than stress electrocardiography in delineating those patients unlikely to show coronary artery disease. In contrast, processed lesion enhanced images showing normal results virtually eliminate the possibility of significant arteriographic findings. With this screening technique, many patients may be spared unnecessary coronary arteriography.
Adult↗
A mathematical index of uniformity (IOU) for sensitivity and resolution.
The authors define a mathematically precise index of uniformity (IOU) and show that the IOU is a convenient tool to quantitate uniformity of sensitivity and resolution response for any given area of interest on the detector face. They also show that the IOU is an appropriate factor for weighing the mean values of sensitivity and resolution for nonuniformity of response; these weighted sensitivity and resolution factors are used to derive a weighted figure of merit which takes into account, in a single parameter, the nonuniformities of response inherent in the determination of sensitivity and resolution.
Mathematics↗
Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of mono- and diiodotyrosines in serum.
A sensitivie, reliable gas-chromatographic assay for monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine in human serum is reported. The oxazolidinone-heptafluorobutyric anhydride derivatives allow the quantitation of both compounds in the linear range of 0.2 to 7.6 mg/L of serum. Analytical recovery averaged 88%, and mean accuracy and within-run precision were 98 and 2%, respectively. Concentrations of monoiodotyrosine in serum as low as 20 microgram/L and of diiodotyrosine as low as 100 microgram/L can be detected. Normal serum contains no detectable concentration of either compound, but the method is applicable as a diagnostic tool in the early prediction of thyroid disease. Both compounds were detected in the serum of a hypothyroid subject whose normal thyroid hormone concentrations were being maintained by therapy with desiccated thyroid extract.
Butyrates↗
Fine screening.
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Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
Primary hypothyroidism and pituitary insufficiency.
A 40-year-old man with primary hypothyroidism and sellar enlargement is described. There was deficiency of all pituitary tropic hormones except TSH which was elevated. TRH stimulation revealed responsiveness of pituitary thyrotropic cells, and thyroxine administration suppressed the elevated TSH. These findings are compatible with either a TSH-producing chromophobe adenoma resulting from primary hypothyroidism or, because of the suppressibility of the TSH secretion, thyrotropic hyperplasia secondary to hypothyroidism maintaining TSH secretion in the face of a non-TSH-secreting pituitary tumor.
Adult↗
Blood clearance rates of technetium-99m albumin preparations: concise communication.
Technetium-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) is extensively used as a cardiac imaging agent. An evaluation of the blood-clearance rates of electrolytically reduced HSA (EHSA) and four stannous-reduced HSA (SnHSA) preparations was conducted in dogs, and was compared with that of radioiodinated HSA (IHSA). The EHSA was found to have a clearance rate only about 1.5 times that of IHSA, whereas the SnHSA agents were cleared at two to five times the rate of IHSA. Thus, EHSA has definite advantages over SnHSA preparations for the purposes of blood-volume determinations required in quantitative cardiac studies and for the reduction of extravascular background in the accurate delineation of cardiac boundaries.
Animals↗
An improved FORTRAN program for calculating modulation transfer functions: concise communication.
An improved FORTRAN II program for calculating modulation transfer functions (MTFs) is presented. The program features (A) simplified input-data specifications; (B) a conversational mode of use; and (C) graphic printout of the MTF curve.
Computers↗
Scintigraphic findings in stress fractures.
Forty-two patients suspected of having stress fractures were evaluated by serial roentgenograms and by one total-body scan with detailed views of suspicious areas. Stress fracture was the ultimate clinical diagnosis in twenty-one patients, and in fifteen of them the roentgenograms were normal while the scintigram was positive. The false negative rate for the roentgenograms was 71 per cent. In eleven of the fifteen patients, the roentgenograms eventually became positive. There were five positive scintigrams from causes other than stress fracture, giving a false positive rate for scintigraphy of 24 per cent. The bones with stress fractures included the metatarsals, calcaneus, tibia, femur, and fibula.
Adult↗
The spectrum of the hypoparathyroid states: A classification based on physiologic principles.
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Female↗
99MTc-diphosphonate uptake in neuroblastoma.
Marked uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate was noted in an extraadrenal neuroblastoma. Calcification was not demonstrable on radiographic or light microscopic examination, nor was crystalline material identified on electron microscopic examination; capillaries in the lesion appeared to be intact. Similar uptake of phosphate radiopharmaceuticals by a variety of lesions has been reported, and possible mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
A simplified radiopharmaceutical accountability record-keeping system.
A comprehensive system has been developed to ensure that a patient receives the proper radiopharmaceutical dose and that records of accountability are conveniently maintained. A radiopharmacy assay/utilization record serves as the control document for source products and derived new products. Color-coded numbered labels are used to maintain accountability among source products, derived products, prescriptions, logbooks, and patient doses. These measures have proved effective in simplifying documentation, minimizing dose-administration errors, and providing for radiopharmaceutical accountability.
Humans↗