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Biomedical subjects

M L Rowland

Publications and source records attributed to M L Rowland.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Racial/ethnic differences in age-related maculopathy. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of age-related maculopathy in three racial/ethnic groups, non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. METHODS: People 40 years of age or older who participated in a nationally representative population-based sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined from 1988 to 1991. Age-related maculopathy was determined by grading of fundus photographs using a standardized protocol for a sample of 4007 persons. RESULTS: The prevalence of any age-related maculopathy in the civilian noninstitutionalized United States population including those 40 years of age or older was 9.2% as estimated from the sample. Prevalence was higher in non-Hispanic whites (9.3%) compared with non-Hispanic blacks (7.4%) and Mexican Americans (7.1%). Before 60 years of age, Mexican Americans (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-2.35) and non-Hispanic blacks (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.86-2.95) had a greater chance of having any maculopathy than non-Hispanic whites; thereafter, Mexican Americans (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.90) and non-Hispanic blacks (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68) had a lesser chance than non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSION: These survey data indicate that age-related maculopathy is prevalent in all groups studied. Differences among the racial/ethnic groups vary by age and sex.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Investigation of nonresponse bias: Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

This report presents an investigation of potential nonresponse bias in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) conducted during the period 1982-84. Data from a household and medical history interview were used to investigate factors related to examination status. The study includes a comparison of data for examinees in HHANES with data from interviewees in the National Health Interview Survey during 1982, 1983, and 1984.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Self-reported weight and height.

The error in self-reported weight and height compared with measured weight and height was evaluated in a nationally representative sample of 11,284 adults aged 20-74 y from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1976-1980. Although weight and height were reported, on the average, with small errors, self-reported weight and height are unreliable in important population subgroups. Errors in self-reporting weight were directly related to a person's overweight status--bias and unreliability in self-report increased directly with the magnitude of overweight. Errors in self-reported weight were greater in overweight females than in overweight males. Race, age, and end-digit preference were ancillary predictors of reporting error in weight. Errors in self-reporting height were related to a person's age--bias and unreliability in self-reporting increased directly with age after age 45 y. Overweight status was also a predictor of reporting error in height.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Coronary heart disease risk factor trends in blacks between the first and second National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, United States, 1971-1980.

This article focuses on changes in prevalence of three of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) among the black population aged 25 to 74 years: blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and serum cholesterol. It also examines the extent to which changes in these risk factors might explain changes in observed CHD mortality. These national estimates of risk factor levels among the black U.S. population are based on cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 1971-1975 and 1976-1980. Results of analyses show that there was a large and statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure for black adults between the two time periods; there was a large, significant decrease in the percent of black females who smoke and a smaller decrease in the proportion of black males who smoke; and there was no statistically significant change in the prevalence of elevated serum cholesterol. In addition, the percent of black adults with two or more risk factors decreased between 1971-1975 and 1976-1980. Lower levels of the three risk factors appear to explain a portion of the decline in observed CHD mortality for blacks. However, despite the encouraging lower prevalence of risk factors for blacks, more than 60% of the black adults 25 to 74 years of age still had one or more CHD risk factors in 1976-1980.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjusting for nonresponse bias in a health examination survey.

There is a potential for nonresponse bias in most population studies using health examinations. This is true of the Mexican American portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, in which unit nonresponse to the examination accounted for 24 percent of the sample. Even though the full effect of nonresponse can never be really known, ancillary information from the interview sample can be used in an attempt to adjust for bias in estimates. Two techniques for nonresponse bias adjustment are presented and illustrated using health status level and hypertension status from published studies based on the HHANES of 1982-84. The first approach uses conditional probabilities and the second approach uses direct standardization. The examples examine whether or not an adjustment for socioeconomic status, sex, and age--variables related to both response status and the conditions under study--changes the prevalence estimates of (a) Mexican Americans who report poor, fair, or good health status and (b) hypertension among Mexican Americans.

Adult↗