[Immunoprophylaxis in the patient at risk. Problems, available vaccines, responses].
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HIV Infections↗
Biomedical subjects
M L Soranzo
Publications and source records attributed to M L Soranzo.
[Infection monitoring in orthopedics].
The results of infection surveillance in orthopaedics are reported: the high incidence of hospital infections in patients undergoing major surgery, the paucity of microbiological data and the failure to standardise prophylaxis protocols were the most significant findings as well as providing a point of departure for programming future fields of intervention and for redefining the operating framework for continuous infection surveillance.
Adolescent↗
[Hospital infections in an emergency surgery ward].
A study was conducted on hospital infections in an emergency surgery ward. The survey lasted one year and confirmed the higher incidence of infections after contaminated and dirty operations. Rates of infection were also high after clean operations due to the large number of subjects at risk among the group examined. The most commonly encountered micro-organisms in the infections of surgical wounds were, in order, E. coli, Str. faecalis and Staph. aureus, the latter being only minimally responsive to the standard antibiotics. Several proposals are advanced for prophylaxis in the attempt to halt the circulation of strains with a multiple resistance to antibiotics.
Age Factors↗
[Cefotiam, a new cephalosporin. Microbiological research, preliminary evaluation of its effect on phagocytosis and clinical multicenter research].
After a brief review of the data on cefotiam in the literature the report presents the results of microbiological research, a preliminary study into the drug's possible actions on phagocytosis and a polycentric clinical study of 93 cases of broncho-pleuro-pulmonary pathology and one sinusitis of the jaw. In vitro cefotiam was found to have an excellent inhibitory effect on gram positive and gram negative bacteria with MICs50 and 90 respectively 0.2 and 0.8 mcg/ml V. Staph. aureus, Str. pyogenes. E. Coli, K. pneumoniae and Pr. mirabilis. A dose-dependent increase in phagocytosis was noted. The clinical response was excellent with 90.43% (88/94) of the cases achieving clinical and radiological cure or very much improved. Cefotiam was very well tolerated with the appearance of 2/94 skin rashes (2.12%). The liver and kidney parameters showed no change at the end of treatment. No increase in enzymuria was noted during treatment with cefotiam.
Absorption↗
[Brucellosis therapy].
The reasons for the use of a fat-soluble drug with an in vitro activity against Brucella spp in the treatment of brucellosis are presented. After a review of the literature a series of 222 cases subjected to various treatments is presented and it is concluded that an RMV-minocycline association offers the best antibacterial and kinetic characteristics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Blood ammonia evaluation in acute hepatitis A and B].
The significance of blood ammonia levels was assessed in 100 cases of viral hepatitis (82 cases of AVH B end 18 cases of AVH A). No valid correlation was noted between the course of blood ammonia levels and that of clinical symptoms or the other blood chemical parameters considered (transaminase, prothrombin time, bilirubinemia and parameters strictly related to the clinical course).
Acute Disease↗
[Case reports of 77 HTLV III/LAV-positive patients observed during one-year period. Preliminary note].
Three hundred and forty-four patients at risk for HTLV/LAV infection were examined and seventy-seven were positive at the HTLV III/LAV Ab test. The clinical and laboratory study permitted to diagnose one case of AIDS, 26 cases of ARC and 50 cases of simple positivity at the HTLV III/LAV Ab test.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Bacampicillin vs amoxicillin in respiratory pathology].
Clinical research was conducted to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy in respiratory pathology of 800 mg X 2 per diem bacampicillin v. 1000 mg X 2 per diem amoxicillin, both orally administered. The results were more or less identical and are interpreted as indicating the better constant absorption of the precursor, hence its higher concentration gradient that produces a higher antibiotic concentration in the lungs.
Administration, Oral↗
[Cephalosporins and enzymuria].
Urinary enzyme excretion was studied in 56 patients treated with cephalosporins in order to evaluate their potential nephrotoxicity. Only in 4 out of 56 patients (7%) was increased NAG, gamma-GT, AlP excretion seen. A rapid return to normal values was observed just after the end of the therapy.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
[Cefoperazone: microbiological, kinetic and clinical studies].
In vitro cefoperazone proved more active against the tested gram-negative bacteria than either piperacillin or mezlocillin. When administered in 1 g venous bolus the antibiotic achieved high plasmatic concentrations that were still adequate after 8 hours. 33.2% was excreted by the kidneys and a considerable amount by the biliary way. Cefoperazone produced a clinical cure in 35/36 patients (97.22%). A disulfiram-like effect was noted in 18.18%.
Bacterial Infections↗
[Antimicrobial therapy].
The Authors expose the bases of a rational antibiotic therapy according to their experience. They underline the risk of using antibiotics in situations in which they are not strictly necessary. They point out the importance of the dosage, the route of administration, the frequency of doses, the length of treatment and the control of seric drug levels of aminoglycosides, in case of creatinine clearance under 50 ml/min. They shortly review the different antibiotic combination.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Clinico-epidemiologic findings in a group of patients with acute viral hepatitis].
Certain clinical and epidemiological findings among 2262 AVH patients are reported. The patients were all admitted to the A. di Savoia Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Turin over a two-year period.
Adolescent↗
[Ceftriaxone, a long-acting cephalosporin. Microbiological, kinetic and clinical study].
Ceftriaxone effectively inhibited 332 out of 452 (73.45%) bacterial strains in vitro tests. 291 out of 365 (79.69%) gram negative and 41 out of 87 (47.12%) gram positive strains were inhibited. The tests showed ceftriaxone to be more effective than cephalothin, cephotaxime, cephuroxime, cephamandol and cephoxitin. Kinetic tests showed that cephtriaxone has a plasmatic half life of 7.25 hrs. 24 hours after administration of a 1000 mg venous bolus the drug was still present in the blood. Urinary elimination over a 24 hr. period amounted to means 486.8 mg (48.68%). The drug has liquor transfer capacity. 37 of the 38 patients treated showed complete clinical or clinicobacteriological cure. Improvement was noted in the 38th.
Adolescent↗
[Piperacillin: microbiological and clinical studies].
A microbiological and clinical study of the action of piperacillin is presented. The drug showed an excellent in vitro antibacterial action on gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. Its in vitro action on Ps. aeruginosa (70.8% of strains inhibited) was also extremely interesting, making it the second most effective of the antibiotics tested after polymyxin B and colistin, polypeptides unsuitable for clinical use. In vivo, the administration of piperacillin achieved a clinical and bacteriological cure in 35 out of 40 patients and a clinical cure in 2 out of 40. It was only therapeutically unsuccessful in 3 cases. It is concluded that its microbiological, kinetic and tolerance features make piperacillin suitable for a wide range of therapeutic purposes.
Acinetobacter↗
[Fight against infective diseases. Consequences of the persistence in time of hepatitis B virus in the human body].
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Antibody Formation↗
[Microbiological, kinetic and clinical study on a new cephamycin: cefotetan].
Microbiological, kinetic and clinical studies were conducted on a new cephamycin, cephotetan. In vitro the antibiotic was found to be very effective against all strains tested. It had a particularly strong action against Gram negative bacteria too. Kinetically speaking, an intravenous bolus produced a high plasmatic concentration with a half life of about 4 hours. Elimination via the kidneys was fastest in the first 3 hours after administration (49.82%) and the slowed down. 82.76% of the dose administered was excreted within 24 hours. This antibiotics is particularly indicated in cases of urinary, respiratory and biliary infections.
Adolescent↗
[Pneumococcal infections].
Current knowledge of the morphology, biochemistry and function of streptococcus Pneumoniae, the immune response of the host to infection and certain epidemiological aspects of pneumococcus infections is described. Personal experience of acute infections of the lower respiratory ways and meninges is presented and therapeutic problems are discussed. In Italy at least it appears that betalactamine antibiotics are preferable. Brief reference is made to the value and limitations of anti-pneumococcic vaccination.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Comparative study, on healthy volunteers, of the bioavailability of 2 pharmaceutical formulations of oral cofosfolactamines. Trials between subjects].
The relative bioavailability of two drug-product formulations, aqueous suspension and tablets, of a fixed-dose combination of fosfomycin with amoxicillin (cophosfolactamine) has been comparatively studied in five healthy volunteers by means of a randomized within subjects experimental design. The plasmatic concentrations were consistent with the in vitro synergistic effects. The liquid formulation has a significantly higher bioavailability than that of the tablets.
Adult↗