Biomedical subjects

M L Sow

Publications and source records attributed to M L Sow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Permanent disability and the insurance estimation process].

INTRODUCTION: The casualties are indemnified according to two processes. First by transaction on rate proposition of insurance physicians, and the second process on rate proposition by a medical expert assigned by law-court. Indemnification scale failure justifies the Interafrican Conference of insurance Markets code adoption. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Six insurance societies and the Automotive Guarantee Fund were debtors. Only 627 victims had been indemnified between 1986 and 2003. Expert valuations done at forensic medicine service were the support of the investigation. Inquired parameters were insurance societies, regulation type, aftermaths and the retained prejudices. The data collected on computer card have been analyzed by software Epi Info. RESULTS: The partial permanent inabilities fixed since its adoption differ to inabilities fixed before this adoption. Transaction process concerned 567 victims (90.4%). Sixty victims were indemnified by judicial way. According to process type, the rates fixed in judicial process were 61.6% middle permanent partial inabilities. After 1997, there have observed a decrease in the high and middle permanent partial inabilities in the two processes. The appreciation of the pretium doloris is more subjective but must repair the aftermaths. The middle pretium was majority in the two processes, before and after 1997 with a high decrease of the middle pretium in the transaction process (-15.07) and a small pretium increase of 10.98 points. CONCLUSION: A common scale code has decreased the judicial litigation concerning casualties in spite of scales' limits. Only the patients with important aftermaths arrive in the judicial process since 1997.

Disability Evaluation↗

PubMed2005

The arch of the great saphenous vein: anatomical bases for failures and recurrences after surgical treatment of varices in the pelvic limb. About 54 dissections.

The arch of the great saphenous vein presents numerous tributaries. Misappreciation of their anatomical variations might cause recurrence after surgical treatment of varices. We dissected 54 inguino-femoral regions of fresh, black African corpses. Our purpose was to study the anatomical variations in the vein confluents of the arch of the great saphenous vein; its positions in relation to the external pudendal artery; establish palpable anatomical markers for its surgical approach. The conventional type in a 'vein star' shape was not the most frequent. Upper or abdominal common vein produced through the merging of superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall and genital or internal common vein were more frequent. An anterior saphenous vein was found in 23 cases. The external pudendal artery crossed beneath the arch of the great saphenous vein cross in 56% of cases and previously in 44% of cases. On average, the top of the arch of the great saphenous vein was projected out 10.88 cm from the ventral and cranial iliac spine, 3.83 cm from the pubic tubercle and 4.19 cm from the inguinal ligament. In view of our results, variations are real. Knowing and taking them into account are essential to prevent recurrences after surgical treatment of varices of the pelvic limb.

Cadaver↗

PubMed2005

[Cadaveric topography and morphometry of the vermiform appendix].

Our study justified by the frequency of acute appendicitis and the possibility of anatomic variations of the caecoappendicular area attempt to index the topographic variations of the vermiform appendix (v.a.). On 80 fresh native cadavers (62 men and 18 women) without surgical antecedent whose mean age was 36 years (range between 16 and 78 years) we note the morphotype and the height. More over we study the intraperitoneal projection of the Mac Burney point, topography and shape of the cecum and the situation, shape and dimensions of the v.a. We note also the level of implantation of this latter on the cecum, appearance of the mesoappendix and the distance separating the base of the appendix to the ileo-caecal junction. Mac Burney's point permitted to localize appendix in 66%; the cecum has more often than not the form of a bulb (98.7%) and sited in right fossa iliaca. We noted 7 types of topographic disposition; front varieties were more frequent (68.7%) notably the pelvic direction (51.2%) with a medial (72.5%) or a posteromedial (27.5%) establishment on the cecum. The v.a. was more often in the form of worm with a long mesoappendix; his mean length was 106.4 mm (between 65 and 160 mm) and the mean diameter 6.77 mm (range between 4 and 10 mm). The distance which separated the base of the appendix to the ileo-cecal junction varied between 15 to 40 mm with a mean distance of 24.2 mm. Thus in this study, dimensions of the v.a. were very variables. Located in right fossa iliaca he adopted a front topography with pelvic direction and medial establishment on bulbar cecum. In spite of scarcity of ectopic situation of the appendix for which laparoscopic approach is salutary, a similar topographic study during surgical treatment of acute appendicitis will be interesting.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Comparative review of the Senegalese and French deontology codes].

The medical deontology regroups duties of the physicians and regulate the exercise of medicine. The code of medical deontology of Senegal inspired of the French medical deontology code, has not been revised since its institution whereas the French deontology code knew three revisions. Comparing the two codes of deontology titles by title and article by article, this work beyond a parallel between the two codes puts in inscription the progress in bioethics that are to the basis of the revisions of the French medical deontology code. This article will permit an advocacy of the health professionals, in favor of a setting to level of the of Senegalese medical deontology code. Because legal litigation, that is important in the developed countries, intensify in our developing countries. It is inherent to the technological progress and to the awareness of the patients of their rights.

Developing Countries↗

PubMed2005

[About the tributaries of the arch of great saphenous vein. Concerning 40 dissections].

The arch of the great saphenous vein cross receives numerous tributaries from the abdominal wall, male external genitalia and pelvic limbs. These collaterals present many variations relating to their number and mode of anastomosis. Their misappreciation may lead to post operative recurrences after surgical treatment of varices. For a last study of these variations, we dissected 40 inguinofemoral regions in fresh black african corpes. The conventional type in a "vein strar" shape was present in 4 cases. An abdominal common vein produced through the merging of the superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac veins was found in 5 cases. A genital common vein summarising the external pudendal veins was present in 19 cases. In 8 cases the abdominal and genital common vein was simultaneously present. An anterior saphenous vein was found in 15 cases, and a posterior saphenous vein in 5 cases. These results, confirm the importance of anatomic variations. Their knowledge is necessary to avoid recurrences after surgery of varicose veins.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Sexual child abuse: correlation between medical certificates' conclusions and judiciary sanctions].

Sexual child abuse, comprises of indecency attitudes and physical misbehaviours, directed towards children are dominated by rape. The objective of our study was to assess in sexual child abuse the relation between the conclusion of medical certificates and court decision. It is a retrospective study carried out from 1994 to 1998 on the clerk's office correctional repertories in Dakar regional court. An overall number of 79 cases of child abuse were collected in 5 years period. Children under 18 years old of of both sex, were concerned. Data found were correlated with a review of requisition cases received by the of gynaecology and obstetrics clinic of Aristide Dantec Hospital. This facilitates the establishement of the relationship between the offences and the pronounced sanctions, as well as the initial medical certificate and these sanctions. The sanctions were severe whenever rape had been retained. Some cases were disqualified in indecent assault and were judged as such. The judge decision, which follow the medical certificate conclusions in 11 cases out of 14 shows the importance and reliability of this medical document. All files reviewed at the medical and legal level were incomplete. The difficulty of the materiality of the rape and the psychological consequences in the long run and especially HIV infection should invite to a multidisciplinary, specialized and organized management of sexual child abuse. This study has shown the importance of a correct and complete drafting of the medical certificate, to enable the establishment by the judge the materiality of the facts.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed2004

[Sciatic nerve in gluteal portion: application of sciatic nerve post injection lesion].

In our regions malaria is endemic and intraguteal injection is a common procedure. One unfortunate complication of that procedure appeared to be a sciatic nerve injury. The purpose of our study was to set up the anatomical feature and basis of this post injection lesion. We performed sciatic nerve gluteal dissection on 10 adults black African fresh cadavers on both side. The pathway of the nerve was 19 times in the subpiriformis canal. Only in one cadaver, the outlet of the nerve was above the piriformis muscle. In each case the pathway is identical with an oblique and vertical portion running down through the ischio-trochanteric channel. The nerve was crossed between its two portions by an arteriole coming from the inferior gluteal artery. The cutaneous projection of the sciatic nerve is distant from the upper lateral quadrant of the buttock. Intra-gluteal injections in this area doesn't damage the nerve. The anatomical variations of this nerve pathway are almost nonexistent. So, other hypothesis of sciatic nerve post injection lesion should be considered. We think that the local toxicity of quinine and its diffusion in the neurovascular gluteal area might explain the nerve lesion. Thus, the intramuscular injections should be replaced by the intravenous or rectal administration in children.

Buttocks↗

PubMed2004

[The superficial temporal artery: anatomical type and clinical application to the flap of the fascia temporal superficialis].

The goal of our study is to assess the anatomical type of the superficial temporal artery (STA) in the black population using the classification of Ricbourg et al.. Forty-seven fresh cadavers and three extracted and frozen heads were included in this study. The external carotid artery was isolated in the neck and injected by Rhodopas stained with Congo Red. The superficial temporal artery was dissected using a Y-shaped skin incision. The last step of the procedure was to remove the flap of the fascia superficialis temporis. The third segment of the superficial temporal artery and its terminal branches were studied. This segment courses cephalad and wraps the zygomatic arcade. It splits into two terminal branches: the temporo-frontal and the temporo-parietal ones. The most important of its collaterals, the zygomato-maleus artery, plays a crucial role for distinguishing the subtypes of STA according to the classification of Ricbourg et al.. Indeed, this branch can be subdivided into two types: --type I: the zygomato-malar artery arises from the trunk of the STA; it courses perpendicular and with a slightly ascending direction; this type accounts for 93% of the cases. --type II: the zygomato-malar artery originates from the branch of the temporo-frontal artery. Its course is either horizontal or caudad. This type accounts for 3% of the cases. Our results confirm those of Ricbourg et al.. Thus, we could not CONFIRM the notion of a racial predominance of typology of the STA in our context. We did not study the dimensions of STA and also the level of its bifurcation. Indeed, it has been largely reported in the literature. These elements constitute the anatomic basis of the surgical use of temporal flaps. The vessel-containing tissue in which travels the STA forms the so-called fascia temporalis superficialis whose plasticity and polyvalency are critical during the procedures of plastic and reconstructive surgeries.

Black People↗

PubMed2004

[Ethical problems faced by in managing HIV in workplace].

This study which was conducted between September 1999 and June 2000 among occupational physicians aimed to appreciate ethical problems faced by physicians in managing HIV infection in workplace. A questionnaire was administrated by telephone to physicians included in the list of Occupational Physicians Association. Thirty eight physicians responded among the fourty four contacted. Thirty two ie 84.21% did face HIV infection in their workplace. The frequency of meeting cases was in between 1 to 5 for 68.75%. Thirty two did order the test either to depist or to conduct eatiologic diagnosis. Informed consent were asked by twenty one physicians. Six physicians ie 18.75% did inform the employer of serologic status, among them four said having obtain employee's consent to reveal status. For them, such revalation was the basis for financial involvment of employer in the treatment, and facilitates his tolerance of absenteeism. Four physicians signaled facing dilemma when a patient did not want to inform his or her partner of his (her) serologic status. They suggested a legal authorization to reveal patients status in such circumtances.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed2004

[Medico-legal conditions of recognition and compensation of occupational asthma in Sénégal].

The aims of this study were to appreciate how frequent asthma was named in the legal list of worker's compensation, state hazards and occupations involved and appreciate conditions required for a legal recognition of the disease. The study consisted of a review of the legal list of occupational diseases of all tables where asthma was stated. Medical, technical and administrative criteria allowing compensation were looked for. Asthma was listed in 12 among the 67 tables; causal substances listed were known as sensitizers and included mainly organic and metallic compounds. Numerous occupations were concerned in all primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. Medical conditions refered to "all asthma confirmed by functionally respiratory tests or regenerated by a new exposure". Time length of declaration was seven days. Variety of occupations concerned and numerous substances involved should invite to look for occupations in all patients with asthma. Physicians should be aware of theses legal conditions in order to recognize better occupational asthma and ease it legal compensation.

Asthma↗

PubMed2003

[Topographic anatomy of the tibial nerve in the medial malleolus: application to the effect of nerve block anesthesia].

To better understand the anatomical variations and pathogeny of tarsal tunnel syndrome, the tibial nerve were dissected in 20 ankles of fresh black African cadavers. The tibial nerve located to 1.75 cm on average from the posterior side of the malleolus and to 2 cm from medial side of the calcaneus tendon. The nerve always ended according to dichotomic method. 90% cases of bifurcation were noted under the flexor retinaculum at 1 cm from the malléolo_calcaneus line; in 10% of dissections, we found proximal bifurcation at 5 cm from this line. The medal calcaneus branch which is a collateral branch of tibial nerve was constant, unique in 80% of cases and double in 20% of cases. The anatomical constatations allow a more precise anesthesia of tibial nerve block. We use constant anatomical marks formed by calcaneus tendon and internal malleolus tip. Olso we more understand the possibility of lesion of tibial nerve at the ankle during the synovites, or ossifications of flexor rétinaculum.

Black People↗

PubMed2003

[Acute hydrogen sulfite intoxication: report of three lethal cases occurred at a Senegalese chemical plant].

We report an hydrogen sulfite intoxication which occurred in a Senegalese chemical plant and which lead to the death of three temporary workers in charge of cleaning up the pumping basin of seawater. Hydogen sulfite was generated by the decomposition of seaweeds and other inorganic compounds. Agitation of water due to human presence increased the air concentration at very high levels. The death of workers trying to rescue their colleagues was due to their ignorance of key elementary prevention rules. Diagnosis was based upon microbiologic analysis and air sampling. The ignorance of toxicologic effects of this widespread substance invite to inform people working in industries where the risk of hydrogen sulfite intoxication is high.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2003

[Anatomoradiological correlation of the hypothenar hammer syndrome].

Hypothenar hammer syndrome is all the clinical ischemic secondary manifestations in a stenose even one occlusion of traumatic origin of the distal portion of the ulnar artery. Our objective was to underline anatomical substratum of this lesion and to emphasize the interest of the angio M.R.I. in the diagnosis of this syndrome. The radioanatomical study of the distal portion of the ulnar artery were on 10 fresh corpses of both sexes free of traumatic hurt of upperlimb. On 6 anatomical details injected with latex colored with red Congo, three were dissected to the fresh state to the anterior faces of the distal third of the forearm, the wrist and the palmar face of the hand. The three others were subjected to transverse anatomical cuts of carp after freezing. An arterial opacification by injection of lead minium with radioscopic control followed by a radiography in face incidence was realised on 12 upperlimb. The 3 modes of this anatomoradiographic analysis objectivized the nearness of the carpal distal segment of ulnar artery and the hook of the hamate bone. On 7 carps the ulnar artery passed in the balance of the hooked bone, in 5 cases it followed the radial hillside and in twice the artery was mediale. Four details were not exploited for quality reasons of injection or radiographic incidence. By the fact that the carpal portion of ulnar artery be situated in the sagittal plan of the hook or that it be medial or lateral it always passed near this osseous anvil. This anatomical arrangement objectivized well in a transversal plan by the angio magnetic resonance imagering predisposes this arterial segment to the parictal hurts of traumatic origin responsible of stenose in the long-term.

Cadaver↗

PubMed2003

[HIV in workplace: knowledges and attitudes of workers in three Senegaleses manufactures].

This study was conducted from may to august 2000 in three senegalese work sites randomly selected among seven which benefited from HIV preventive program. The aims were to evaluate knowledge, attitude and behavior related to HIV infection. A sample of 200 workers randomly chosen were asked about the ways of transmission and methods of protection as well as their risky attitudes and behaviors. Mean age was 41 years, 82.5% were male and 75.5% benefited from high school education; 75.75% had a good level of knowledge on HIV infection, 58% CI [51-65] stated having changed their sexual behavior into abstinence, fidelity to their partner (52.5%) and use of condom (46.5%). This good level of Knowledge and the positive changes in attitude are related to the high rate of alphabetization in our sample, information message diffused by media and preventive programs undertaken in workplace. Information campaigns via media should be maintained and strengthened and preventive programs diffused in all workplaces which will reduce diffusion of HIV in population.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Anatomical and surgical study of the medial calcaneus branch of the tibial nerve].

To better understand the anatomical variations of the medial calcaneus branch, the tibia nerve were dissected in 20 ankles of fresh black African cadavres. The medial calcaneus branch which is a collateral branch of tibial nerve was constant. It was unique in 80% of cases and was detaching itself from the trunck of the tibial nerve ot the entrance of the calcaneal sulcus. It was in the form of two small nerves with point of departure from the common tibial nerve trunk. These anatomic constatations confronted with those published in literature permits us to understand the etiopathogenic aspects of certain neuropathies of the ankles. To add this they impose a certain order if precaution in the operational surgnical route of the posterior section of the ankle.

Ankle↗

PubMed2002

[Occupational carpal tunnel syndrome: the case of a secretary].

We report a case of carpal tunnel syndrome which occurred in a office secretary, whose job task was mainly type writing. Occupational origin of this disease was stressed based on unilateral lesion, absence of personal and familial risk factors. Working conditions seem to explain the occurrence of symptoms. The recognition of occupational origin is important for physicians, because it eases the implementation of ergonomic sound measures which supply medical treatment. It also allows to take into account medico-legal aspects.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Anatomical and surgical study of the medial calcaneus branch of tibial nerve].

To better understand the anatomical variations of the medial calcaneus branch, the tibia nerve were dissected in 20 ankles of fresh black African cadavers. The medial calcaneus branch which is a collateral branch of tibial nerve was constant. It was unique in 80% of cases and was detaching itself from the trunk of the tibial nerve at the entrance of the calcaneal sulcus. It was in the form of two small nerves with point of departure from the commun tibial nerve trunk. These anatomic constatations confronted with those published in literature permits us to understand the etiopathogenic aspects of certain neuropathies of the ankle. To add this they impose a certain order if precautions in the operational surgical route of the posterior section of the ankle.

Duplicate Publications as Topic↗

PubMed2002

[Chronic low back pain at a public transportation company in Senegal].

The aims of this study were to appreciate the prevalence of chronic low back pains in a public transport's company, to state characteristics and to identify categories of workers involved and medico-legal consequences. It is a cross sectional study. which used medical records of the occupational clinic. All workers who complained of low back pain in the past three years following the study were selected. Characteristics of workers, types of injuries, occupational and medico-legal consequences were looked out. Sixty nine cases were collected, they were exclusively males. 54 % of them were bus drivers, and 29% conductors. X rays abnormalities were found in 31.64%. Exposure to vibration due to damaged roads and decayed vehicles seems to be main etiologic factors. From a occupational and medico-legal standpoint, two patients were reported for workers compensation, three patients were reclassified in another job. Undamaged roads, ergonomic design of bus' seats, and medical screening during placement and routine medical examination are key issues in preventing low back pains.

Adolescent↗