Biomedical subjects

M L Sow

Publications and source records attributed to M L Sow.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Euthanasia and the Dakar medical staff].

DEROBERT defines euthanasia as an "ability to get painless death for incurable patients, who are suffering from a fatal illness with unbearable bodily aches that can't be mitigated by any means". Passive euthanasia fits with doctor's abstention of any curative therapy for non curable patients at the end of life. It is different from active euthanasia in which physicians themselves get quick death for patients by giving them any drugs. This work was done in the main hospital centers in Dakar; the aim is to determine the position of medical staff about euthanasia and it's legislation. For this purpose an anonymous questionnaire was dispatched to 126 workers choosen at random in these hospitals. The result of this inquiry is that most of them (84%) are against euthanasia and agree with the idea of waiting for death at home. Religious reasons explain non practice of euthanasia.

Attitude to Death↗

PubMed1995

[The arteries of the stomach].

In order to specify the gastric-arterial systematization, 65 fresh stomachs of adults deceased from non-gastro-duodenal causes, extracted by necropsy, allowed us to study the arteries of the stomach through the injection-corrosion technics. A selective injection for each arterial trunk has been made on 15 stomachs. This work allowed us to know better the arterial supply of the stomach and ut into obviousness important vascular anastomosis. While emphasizing on the substitute notion, the persons who wrote this summary describe regions poor in anastomosis, which correspond surgically with "critical" areas. They also emphasize how important it is to have an estimated score of the ischemia for gastric surgery, especially in the case of oeso-gastroplasty.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Arterial vascularization of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular node (preliminary study apropos of 15 anatomic parts].

Arterial supply to the sino-atrial and atrioventricular node is studied after coronary RHODOPAS injection on 15 adult hearts taken off during autopsy. Both coronaries were injected in 7 cases, left ostium in 2 cases and the right on in 6 cases. The sino-atrial node is supplied by the right sino atrionodal artery (S.A.N.A) in 6 cases upon 7 and in 3 cases by the left S.A.N.A. Anastomoses exist in 2 cases between the right S.A.N.A. and the left S.A.N.A. The atrio-ventricular nodal artery arises from the retro-ventricular trunk branching from the right coronary artery mainly. The authors emphasize that care must be taken to protect the vascular supply to the conduction tissue during cardiac surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Anatomy of coronary arteries].

To study the coronary arteries we collected 200 black african hearts which coronaries have been injected with Rhodopast then corroded. Most of the arteries (74.10%) originate from two separate sinuses one on the left and the other one on the right. The right coronary artery runs in two different modes. In one mode it is short and ends in different branches. In the other mode it is long and runs up to the crux. The left coronary artery arrives on the left border of the heart and gives the circumflex and the left border artery. The bifurcation mode of division was 32.25% for the right coronary artery and 69.35% for the left coronary artery which had à trifurcation in 36.66%. The superior atrial artery was not seen in 3 cases and the infundibular arteries derived from the aorta in 3 cases. We have encountered intercoronary anastomoses in 82.6% of cases. These results are similar to these observed in the literature. The only difference is on the rich intercoronary anastomosis which seems to be an african particularity even though we cannot establish if they are functional or not.

Arteriovenous Anastomosis↗

PubMed1994

[Anatomic pitfalls of vagotomies].

In order to minimise relapses and functional problems after vagotomies, an anatomic study of the vagus nerve at the base of the esophagus and stomach was carried out. Fifty stomachs of adult black African corpses were collected, placed in a formaldehyde solution and then dissected. At the level of the esophageal hiatus, the trunks of the vagus nerve were found in 46% of the cases for the anterior vagus and 24% for the posterior. At the level of the abdominal esophagus there was a single anterior vagus in 68% of cases and single posterior vagus in 64% of cases. At the level of the greater curvature, a recurrent anterior branch was found. At the level of the lesser curvature, the main nerves had a plexiform appearance in 8% of cases for the anterior nerve and 6% of cases for the posterior nerve. The classical arrangement was found in 60% of cases for the main anterior nerve and 64% of the cases for the posterior nerve. At the level of the angulus, the classical crowsfeet was found in 20% of cases for the anterior vagus and in 32% of cases for the posterior vagus. The anterior vagus was plexiform in 54% of cases and 46% of cases for the posterior. This study confirms the extreme variability of the vagus in the stomach. A better knowledge of the variations should lead to more successful vagotomy regardless of its forms.

Female↗

PubMed1994

[Biometric aspects of the lumbar canal in Senegalese of the African negro race (apropos of 21 autopsy parts)].

Because of frequency and seriousness of myelo radicular complications of narrow lumbar canal, the authors studied its radiological and anatomical measurements in order to specify the standards for senegalese negro african. For that purpose, they collected samples of 21 lumbosacral spines from new cadavers through medico legal necropsies. Pieces have been first X rayed, then treated. They measured the antero posterior diameter of vertebral corpse, the anterio posterior diameter of vertebral canal, the narrowest transversal diameter of vertebral corpse and the inter pedicular distance. The authors found no significant differences between radiological and anatomical measurements, but the latest changed from one stage to another. The variations also were not important comparatively to standards established by two authors.

Biometry↗

PubMed1993

[Antibioprophylaxis with cefazolin in gastroduodenal surgery: preliminary study (17 patients)].

Antibiotherapy in surgery leads to a large amount of money expenses from the budget of hospitals according to many authors. So a short time well adapted antibioprophylaxis may be a better choice in gastroduodenal surgery. In a two years (July 1991-June 1993) prospective study in seventeen patients with stenosis on hemorragea complicating their gastroduodenal ulcer, 2 grs of Cefazoline are prior to surgery at induction first and then 1 gr each following 3 hours, until the end of the procedure in Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital in DAKAR. At assessment the early results are good, without any superficial or deep infection. In comparison the length of admission was shorter. Despite our few cases, we strongly believe that antibioprophylaxis in gastroduodenal surgery using Cefazolin may be recommended.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Colic occlusions: retrospective study of 62 cases].

The profile of colic occlusions has been drawn from sixty two (62) observations made at the Surgical Clinic between 1970 and 1984. The male sex was slightly more affected (3 men for 2 women) with the age of the patients ranging from 19 to 82 years. The clinical sign could be summed up as following: a montrous ballooning of the abdomen which is asymmetrical in 89% of the cases. The occlusions with a stade of shock represented 58% of our observations. The abdomen plain film exhibited the characteristic signs in 89% of the cases. The etiology is dominated by the volvulus of the pelvic colon in 83% of the cases. The essentially surgical treatment has mostly consisted on a resection-anastomosis. Mortality rate was 9.7%. Late consultation of the patients, the shortage of fully equiped medical infrastructure explain the gravity of the affection.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Anatomic bases of the surgical approach to the carpal tunnel. A propos of 50 dissections].

After a classic dissection of 50 wrists in black african cadavers, we have studied carpal tunnel anatomy for therapeutic deductions. By a wide anterior incision following the longitudinal axis of the third finger remounting the inferior third of the forearm we studied both the anatomical limits specially the transcarpal ligament, the volare carpal ligament and also median nerve and flexores digitorum tendons. We have observed in 2 cases an ectopic second lumbrical muscle inside the carpal tunnel; we found numerous variations of the collateral and terminal branches of median nerve; we concluded that it is difficult to definitively establish the cartography of the terminal branches of median nerve. However our anatomical observations allowed us to choose larger and more medial surgical approach of the carpal tunnel to avoid the following complications: incomplete section of the carpal ligament, damages of collateral branches of median nerve, dislocation of flexor tendons of index and middle fingers, ignorance of anomalous muscle.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

[Radiculo-medullary arteries of vertebral origin. Various anatomic aspects from 30 injections-dissections].

Among medullary arteries we have only examined those directly arising from the vertebral artery at the cervical level. This study is about thirty anatomical samples of cervical spine removed during necropsies; there are treated by injection-dissection method. The observed variations do not allow isolation of any artery for the cervical bulge, as possible most frequently at the lumbar bulge level. We observed variations as sometimes alternate pedicles right or left, as sometimes a symmetrical aspect finishing at the same medullar level. By injecting differently colored liquids, in the right and in the left, a side prevalence has sometimes been noted but real conclusions cannot be draw without isobar and simultaneous injections.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Anatomic study of the anterior interventricular artery (Ramus interventricularis anterior). Apropos of 200 anatomical samples].

The coronary system has been studied on the basis of 200 hearts taken during necropsies and treated by injection of a synthetic resin followed by corrosion. Sixty samples were used for the study of the L.A.D. and one hundred and fifty were used for studying intercoronary anastomosis on L.A.D. The study highlighted the following particularities: the left coronary is the most common origin of L.A.D. (90 per cent cases); the L.A.D. irrigates: all the left ventricle ventral wall, the right apical part of both ventricles and the upper portion of the interventricular septum; out of 92 anastomoses, 49 were located on the L.A.D. which could protect against ischemia.

Coronary Disease↗

PubMed1991

Anatomic basis for conservative surgery of the spleen.

100 pancreatico-splenic blocks obtained at autopsy were treated by the injection-corrosion method. The splenic artery ended in the lienorenal ligament in 64% of cases, in the pancreatic segment in 32% and in the hilar segment in 4%. In 84% of cases, the artery divided into two lobar arteries, upper and lower. In 16% the artery trifurcated. The pedicle was 20 to 60 mm long (mean 35 mm). The branches of the splenic artery were in three successive stages: the primary or lobar arteries were each associated with a lobe; the secondary or segmental arteries each supplied one of the constituent segments of a lobe; the tertiary or subsegmental arteries supplied the various areas which made up a splenic segment. Nine cases of extraparenchymal anastomoses were found. There were 32 intraparenchymal anastomoses, being either interlobar or intersegmental. There were a few interlobar anastomoses. The findings support the notion of upper and lower intersegmental and interlobar planes. The latter is almost avascular, while the former has limited vascularity. These planes make conservative surgery of the spleen possible.

Arteries↗

PubMed1991

[Intestinal obstruction caused by postoperative adhesion. 79 cases].

The intestinal post-operative bridle represents the third most important etiology of obstructions at the clinic of the University Hospital of Dakar, behind hernia strangulations and the volvulus of the digestive tube. Between 1970 and 1989, a retrospective study has led to a sample of 79 patients with post-operative bridle obstructions. The group was made of 47 women and 32 men between 17 and 84 years of age. Stomach ache was by far the most common functional symptomatology, followed by the stoppage of the transit and vomiting. In most cases palpation revealed the presence of tympanism. For almost all the patients, the abdomen without preparation revealed either a hydroaeric level or a diffuse grey area. The initial intervention concerned mainly gynecological affections or pathologies of appendicular type. The resection of the bridles was carried out in most cases. There were 10 deaths. The intestinal obstructions by post-operative bridles continue to be a surgical emergency still characterized by a high mortality rate. The late consultation of the patients, often received when presenting considerable visceral deficiency, is one of the main causes of the high rate of fatalities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Docimological analysis of the anatomy test for the PCEMII final exam in Dakar].

This docimological analysis is based on computer treatment of the results of the anatomy exam for the two sessions of July (159 candidates) and October (56 candidates) of the identification questions, discrimination questions, coupling (paining), grouping, association and diagram labelling. The results were appraised following certain parameters: the gross score revealed a rather low average score for the whole class (14.57 and 9.57 over 30): the low success rate in July and the average figure of October indicate, in general, either the difficulty of the questions for the students or a bad reception of the message; the bad discrimination index, since only 21% of the questions are of the discriminatory type. This finding pointed to a revision of 50 of the 68 questions of July and 53 of the 68 questions of October. On the whole, only 15 questions, over the two sessions, could have been kept unchanged for an eventual bank (stock of data): The correlation coefficient has showed a significant relation between success in the anatomy subject and success in the PCEM2 exam. This work has showed the possibilities that computers may offer in the teaching of anatomy and the evaluation of students. Besides, it emphasizes the importance of the anatomy grade in the PCEM2 exam. Finally, the mode evaluation used help exploring the various levels of the cognitive areas (memorization, interpretation of data, problem-solving) and to build up a bank of anatomy questions.

Anatomy↗

PubMed1991

[Anatomical and coronary angiography data on coronary anastomosis].

Beyond two series of heart studies (anatomical with 150 hearts treated by injection-corosion method, and angiographic with 211 coronarography 3 days after a heart attack) the authors have noticed 92 coronary anastomosis with: 28 right homolateral 22 left homolateral 42 contralateral The existence of these anastomosis has been confirmed by coronarography of 30 out of 173 patients having a significant lesion of the artery responsible for the heart attack. The authors noticed also that these anastomosis are effective when the coronary system is deficient and the supplies are ensured by the other artery. The study permits to distinguish two groups of functional collateral: the functional collateral spontaneously observed during coronarography recruitable collaterals which are ready to be functional in case of main coronary artery obstruction.

Collateral Circulation↗

PubMed1990

[Radiological bone age in medico-legal identification].

Sauvegrain-Nahum and Bronstein's grading methods was used to study the relationship between bone age and chronological age in a sample of 88 Senegalese children aged between 12 and 13 1/2 years, as compared to French norms. This applied study in infantile forensic medicine evokes a number or commentaries and reactions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Branches of the vertebral artery to the spinal cord].

On the cervical level, ramifications stemming directly from the vertebral artery are studied while nevertheless taking into account contributions from rising and deep cervical, and while sometimes even from the upper intercostal and/or the occipital, as well as anastomoses contracted from these various sources at the level of the neck. No bulging cervical artery exists, but the variations observed are frequent. Pedicles are rarely symmetrical and usually alternate between left and right sides. Two, differently coloured injections sometimes reveal a preponderance for one side rather than the other, but the injections must be able to be made at the same time and with an equal degree of precision if a formal conclusion is to be drawn from this.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Apropos of a case of solitary left coronary artery].

The single coronary artery stems from the coronary ostium in one of the aortic Valsalva sinuses: no other coronary artery is present. On its own, it vascularized the whole myocardium. It is a very rare condition--0.36% according to anatomists. Anatomical study by injection-corrosion on 200 hearts at Dakar Medical Faculty's anatomical laboratory revealed only one case of single, left-hand coronary artery. It had come from a 45 year old adult killed in an accident, who, up to that time, had suffered no cardio-vascular pathology. The post-mortem showed no associated abnormality. This observation corresponds to Smith's type I anatomical classification. The trajectory followed the usual route for the left-hand coronary artery, and ended in a Y junction of the rear interventricular artery and the circumflex artery. No collateral branch flowed from it: its diameter was 5mm. Vascularization of the heart was provided for by branches proceeding from the rear interventricular and circumflex arteries.

Coronary Vessel Anomalies↗