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Biomedical subjects

M L White

Publications and source records attributed to M L White.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pulmonary function in spinal muscular atrophy.

We present the first prospective study on pulmonary function in spinal muscular atrophy patients. Seventy-seven spinal muscular atrophy patients, ages 5 to 18 years, from three centers, were studied with regard to forced vital capacity, using height as a predictor. Patients were categorized into four motor function categories. The highest-functioning group had normal or near-normal values, and those who sat with support had the lowest values. Those with intermediate function had intermediate values. Forced vital capacity was studied longitudinally in 40 spinal muscular atrophy patients for 1.1 to 4.4 years. Eighty-eight percent of patients grew in height, but only 35% showed an increase in height-adjusted forced vital capacity percent. In those patients with the least function, 100% lost height-adjusted forced vital capacity over time. In those patients with the highest function, 57% lost height-adjusted forced vital capacity. In addition, the basic forced vital capacity, not correlated to height, decreased in 43% of cases. These pulmonary function alterations appear to be important determinants for function and survival in spinal muscular atrophy patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone induction chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation or chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

The purpose of this study was to determine the induction rate, duration of response and toxicity of cytosine arabinoside (1.0 gm/m2 i.v. over 2 h q 12 h x 8 doses days 1 through 4) and mitoxantrone (12 mg/m2 over 1 h daily x 4 doses days 3 through 6) in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients achieving a complete remission received either bone marrow transplantation or further chemotherapy. Twenty-seven of 37 evaluable patients (73% (95% confidence interval 59-87%)) achieved a complete remission. For all responding patients, the projected median time to relapse is 12 months. The projected 1 and 2 year disease-free survival is 47% (28-66) and 41% (21-61) with a range of follow-up of 0 to 48+ months. The major toxicity was bone marrow suppression and infection. This therapy is very active in pediatric AML and has acceptable toxicity. Some patients treated achieve prolonged survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Therapeutic responses of spontaneous canine malignancies to combinations of radiotherapy and hyperthermia.

The goals of this ongoing Phase III study of adjuvant local hyperthermia with radiotherapy were to evaluate how tumor control and normal tissue complications were related to patient and treatment variables. Canine veterinary patients with localized malignancies were stratified by histology and anatomic site and randomized into three groups. All patients received radiotherapy (60CO) in 3.5 Gy fractions given Mon-Wed-Fri to 14 treatments (49 Gy). One group received radiotherapy alone while the others also received microwave-induced hyperthermia (44 degrees C) for 30 minutes once each week. Hyperthermia followed radiotherapy and was given to one group immediately and delayed 4-5 hours in the other. Adjuvant hyperthermia resulted in a significant (p less than .05) increase in complete response rate, reduction in the frequency of non-responders, and increased persistent local control relative to radiotherapy alone. Hyperthermia increased the complete response rate regardless of histology, site, or volume and with the current sample size control was significantly (p less than .05) greater for sarcomas, tumors of the trunk and extremities, and those with volumes less than 10 cc. Quantitative clinical assessment of the acute response of skin and oral mucosa indicated that hyperthermia significantly enhanced these acute reactions, which required roughly twice the healing time observed with radiotherapy alone. Quantitative histologic scoring of changes seen between pre- and post-therapy skin biopsies indicated that a treatment induced decline in the frequency of dermal blood vessels, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles was enhanced by adjuvant hyperthermia, particularly in the late response evaluation interval. The probability of tumor control and adverse normal tissue responses correlated with several measures of thermal dose. Thermal doses in excess of 120 equivalent minutes at 43 degrees C correlated positively with increased skin reactions and negatively with the complete response rate, and these trends were usually evident during the animals' first treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Clonal growth and culture life span of bovine adrenocortical cells in a serum-free medium.

The life span and growth from clonal density of bovine adrenocortical cell cultures were studied in serum-supplemented medium and a serum-free defined medium, which supported sustained cell proliferation and steroid production. The total culture life span was 79 population doublings in serum-supplemented medium with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and 36 population doublings in the defined medium without serum. Older passage cell cultures grown in the defined medium progressively lost the ability to produce 11 beta- and 21-hydroxylated steroids, which was observed previously for cultures in serum-supplemented medium, and also had a decline of 17 alpha-hydroxylated steroid production. The cloning efficiency in the defined medium was 12.2% as compared to 24% in serum-supplemented medium with FGF. Five isolated clonal cell lines grown in the defined medium were characterized for steroid function in response to steroidogenic agents. All five clonal cell lines had stimulated steroid production with 8-bromo-cAMP, but only four of the clonal lines were stimulated also by adrenocorticotropin. None of the clonal cell lines produced 11 beta-, 21- or 17 alpha-hydroxylated steroids in response to treatment with either steroidogenic agent, results that were similar to data obtained from older mass cultures. The apparent deficiency of the defined medium as compared to serum-supplemented medium for maximum support of the culture life span and cloning efficiency may be useful in studies of cellular aging and its relation to differentiated function for this cell culture system.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1985

Validity of urinary catheter specimen for diagnosis of urinary tract infection in the elderly.

Twenty elderly nursing home patients with long-term indwelling bladder catheters were studied to evaluate the validity of the microbiology of urine samples obtained from catheters that had not been changed for at least 30 days. Paired urine samples from "old" catheters and newly inserted catheters were compared for quantitative and qualitative microbiology. Urine microbiology for old catheters was highly sensitive but had poor specificity.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Aeromonas-related diarrhea in adults.

We have reviewed the incidence of Aeromonas in patients with enteric disease at our hospital and found it to be the highest of any potential enteric pathogen. Eighty adult patients with diarrhea had Aeromonas isolated from feces, and in 73 Aeromonas was the only potential bacterial or parasitic pathogen detected. The spectrum of illness in patients with Aeromonas-related diarrhea ranged from acute, self-limited diarrhea to a chronic, indolent diarrheal illness. Sixteen percent (13/80) of the patients had evidence of colitis noted during sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Our data (and those from other studies) indicate that Aeromonas is relatively common in the feces of adults with diarrhea; they also indicate the need for prospective, controlled clinical and bacteriological studies to determine whether or not Aeromonas is an important enteric pathogen in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Establishment and characterization of four new human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.

Four new human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines have been established in vitro. These cell lines have been characterized by (a) growth of a tumor in nude mice with histopathology similar to that of the primary, (b) isoenzyme patterns phenotypically human and distinct from each other, (c) distinguishing karyotypic findings, (d) growth rate determinations, and (e) presence of epidermal growth factor receptors. Each of the cell lines will form colonies when directly seeded into a flask without soft agar. The development and availability of the four cell lines may facilitate in vitro studies of the biology of this common cancer. Their clonogenic potential may be of value in the study of sensitivity to antineoplastic agents. Their low passage level may mean that their antigens still resemble those of the primary tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Parent-child interaction in the laboratory: effects of role, task, and child behavior pathology on verbal response mode use.

Fourth-, fifth-, or sixth-grade children identified as aggressive, withdrawn, or nondeviant by a consensus of teacher and peer ratings interacted with one of their parents in a modified revealed difference task. Transcripts of the interactions were coded according to a taxonomy of verbal response modes (VRMs). Comparison of VRM profiles showed small and equivocal differences between trait groups. However, differences between roles (parent and child) and differences between two phases of the task ("reach agreement" on a problematic situation and "tell you how you feel" in that situation) were large and highly significant. Results support the hypothesis that intersubjective coding categories, such as VRMs, are sensitive to role, task, and relationship variables but relatively insensitive to enduring individual differences in personality or behavior pathology.

Aggression↗
PubMed1969

Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia.

Early appropriate treatment of bacteremia is important in minimizing morbidity and mortality. Standard blood culture methods are not optimal since several days are often required for recovery and identification of organisms which may be present in the blood. The use of a membrane filter technique allows one to grow any organisms present in blood much more rapidly than by broth or pour plate culture. Furthermore, growth is in the form of typical colonies on the surface of solid media, and a series of rapid diagnostic tests may be used to provide speedy identification. Use of membrane filters also facilitates removal by washing of normal antibacterial factors and antimicrobial drugs which may be present in blood. Although the filter technique yielded the most rapid growth, broth culture and whole blood pour plates yielded more positive cultures and use of all three systems was necessary for maximal recovery of organisms in blood cultures. Data on quantitative aspects of bacteremia in the antimicrobial era are also presented. The number of low level bacteremias (10 colonies/ml or less) is surprisingly high. This is particularly true for gram-negative bacilli; antimicrobial therapy at the time of culture undoubtedly influenced these results greatly. Finally, suggestions are given for a much simpler and more efficient membrance filter blood culture technique.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depiction of intracranial vessels with MRA: utility of magnetization transfer saturation and gadolinium.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to quantitate the individual and combined effects of magnetization transfer (MT) saturation and gadolinium (Gd) on the visualization of intracranial vessels with MR angiography (MRA). METHOD: Thirty-five subjects underwent two three-dimensional time-of-flight MRA sequences without and with MT and/or Gd. There were 14 MR angiograms without Gd or MT, 18 with MT only, 17 with Gd only, and 21 with both Gd and MT. On a projection image, a region of interest was drawn to delineate the arteries in the middle cerebral artery territory. The total area of blood vessels in the region of interest was calculated for each MR angiogram. Mean vessel areas for the four types of MRA were compared with analysis of variance. RESULTS: MRA with either MT or Gd alone showed significantly more vessel area than MRA without either (p < 0.05). MRA with MT alone and MRA with Gd alone were not different from each other (p = 0.29). The improvement in vessel area measured by using MT and Gd together was significantly more than expected from the cumulative improvement of adding each alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combining MT and Gd synergistically improved the visualization of intracranial vessels on MRA.

Adult↗