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Biomedical subjects

M Lachman

Publications and source records attributed to M Lachman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Castrated men exhibit bone loss: effect of calcitonin treatment on biochemical indices of bone remodeling.

To test the hypothesis that the reduction in gonadal function can lead to bone mass loss, a group of 12 men who had undergone bilateral orchidectomy at the age of 28.2 +/- 6.8 yr was evaluated. A progressive loss of the lumbar bone density was observed as a function of time after orchidectomy. Both the biochemical indices of bone resorption (urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio and plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) and bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase) were significantly increased in the patients compared with healthy controls. A positive correlation was found between urinary hydroxyproline excretion and percent change in spinal bone mineral density per yr. Because of this increase in the biochemically indicated bone resorption, nine of the patients were studied again after 1-3 yr and were thereafter treated with intranasal calcitonin. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion normalized after 3 months of treatment, and a significant decrease, but not to normal levels, was also observed in the mean values for the other biochemical indices of bone remodeling. Thus, testosterone deficiency, like estrogen deficiency, is associated with accelerated bone loss. The increase in osteoresorption was partially corrected by calcitonin treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hormonal changes in tamoxifen treated men with idiopathic oligozoospermia.

Three months of tamoxifen treatment of 43 men with idiopathic oligozoospermia, out of which 20 completed the study, resulted in a significant enhancement of sperm motility, but the improvement of sperm parameters was in no relation to the FSH response to short time tamoxifen treatment. There was a significant increase of testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH, SHBG, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone and also of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, an androgen of exclusively adrenal origin, during the treatment and (with the exception of the latter), on the first week after discontinuation of the therapy. Significantly elevated testosterone and SHBG concentrations were retained still 9 weeks after finishing of the therapy. The results confirm that tamoxifen treatment provides conditions more favourable for conception and demonstrate that also adrenal steroidogenesis is positively influenced by this antiestrogen.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1987

The occurrence of atypical sexual experience among various female patient groups.

Clinical interviews with the use of a standard examination format were used to determine sexually atypical experiences in 373 women. The women were divided into three groups. Group 1: 167 women in fertile marriages, Group 2: 102 patients with sexual dysfunctions, Group 3: 104 patients of psychiatric outpatient clinics. Of these, 190 (50.9%) had encountered indecent exposure at least once; 76 women (20.4%) were the victims of attempted rape or rape; 60 women (16.1%) were sexually abused by an adult male prior to menarche; 36 women (9.6%) acknowledged homosexual contacts. Patients with a sexual dysfunction had been the object of sexual abuse in childhood significantly more often than women in the other groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The vestibular aqueduct in congenital deafness: evaluation by the axial projection.

Thirty-two patients with congenital neurosensory hearing loss demonstrated dilatation of the peripheral limb of the vestibular aqueduct as visualized on pluridirectional tomograms. Multiple additional anomalies involving most frequently the cochlea (15 patients) but also the ossicles (three patients) or vestibule (one patient) were associated. The axial-pyramidal (Poschl) projection was of great value in evaluation of the vestibular aqueduct and cochlea. The technique, clinical correlation, and surgical implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Aging opinion survey: a report on instrument development.

Attitude instrument development remains a necessary task in aging research, for the eventual explication of attitude-behavior relationships. The present report describes initial development of the Aging Opinion Survey, an instrument based upon a multidimensional view of attitudes towards aging and the elderly. After identifying substantive attitudinal content areas, an initial 120-item pool was constructed, balanced across referent groups and direction of wording. Pilot analysis eliminated sixty items with minimal variances. Administration of the reduced item set to a subsequent sample of 200 gerontological practitioners and students produced four meaningful factors. Poor items were again eliminated and replacements constructed. Another administration (n=226) again produced four meaningful factors, three of which met the criterion of reliability: (1) Stereotypic age decrement, (2) Personal anxiety toward aging, and (3) Social value of the elderly. These scales appeared to reflect peer, personal, and generalized-elderly referents, respectively. Development and refinements of attitudes scales such as the Aging Opinion Survey are necessary elements for proceeding beyond the current theoretical and empirical difficulties in gerontological attitude literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Vascular surgery in the treatment of impotence; its present possibilities and prospects.

Five years ago we reported on a technique of direct arterial anastomosis with the cavernous bodies of the penis. At that time we expressed the hypothesis that in some cases impotence could be the result of organic changes in the arterial bed supplying the cavernous bodies. A histological study was therefore performed on postmortem material and a new arteriographic technique - phalloarteriography - was developed to visualize the internal pudendal artery, the penile artery and its branches. Bilateral examination carried out in 132 patients with erectile impotence established stenosis or occlusion of these arteries or aplasia of the deep penile artery in most of them. Stenoses or occlusions were either of traumatic (after pelvic fracture) or sclerotic origin in middle aged and older patients or were related to diabetes. In more than 20% of patients with occlusions in the arterial bed plastic induration of the penis (Peyronie's disease) was found. Phalloarteriography has become the basic technique of surgical indication and approach. Revascularization procedures consisted of anastomosis of the inferior epigastric artery to the dorsal penile artery or directly to the cavernous bodies. The results attained in the first 54 patients confirmed the vasculogenic origin of their impotence. The development of phalloarteriography and revascularization procedures contribute to surgical management of impotence and extend the use of vascular surgery.

Adult↗