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Biomedical subjects

M Laine

Publications and source records attributed to M Laine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical detection of androgen receptors in human oral mucosa.

Oral mucosal biopsies from 11 healthy volunteers, 7 women and 4 men, were analysed for the localization of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors. The samples were dissected as quickly as possible and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen to be stored at -70 degrees C. Only androgen receptors could be detected by the methods used. These were mainly located in the nuclei of basal epithelial cells, and to some extent in the nuclei of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Failure in the localization of oestrogen and progesterone receptors might have been due either to low numbers of receptors or to the insensitivity of antibodies used. The method is thus suitable only for detecting androgen receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

On the nature of naming difficulties in aphasia.

An extensive naming battery was administered to ten patients representing classical aphasia syndromes. The battery included traditional performance measures and error scoring, phonological cuing, multiple-choice tasks tapping semantic and phonological knowledge, and word repetition tests. Differences in the patients' performance profiles were interpreted as reflecting lexical-phonological, phoneme assembly or multiple deficits. The results suggest that the hypothesized naming deficits have complex relationships to classical aphasia syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The EGF receptor pathway in human cerebral tumors].

The epidermal growth factor receptor gene is the most frequently involved proto-oncogene in human glial brain tumors, in the present series in agreement with previous reports in literature. It is therefore important to study this gene from DNA to the protein product. The vicinity of cystic fluid (C.F.) to tumor cells of the cystic wall has suggested investigation of possible "E.G.F.-like" autocrine activities in C.F. In 40% of gliomas, E.G.F.-R. gene is amplified and overexpressed. This is never observed in low grade astrocytomas. In 12% of the cases, mutations of the E.G.F.-R. gene are observed. In correlation with genomic abnormalities, E.G.F.-R. is immunoprecipitated in 40% gliomas. The basal phosphorylation of the receptor is increased in 50% gliomas. In C.F., unexpectedly, E.G.F.-R. phosphorylation inhibitory effect is observed. Its biochemical analysis suggests an anti-tyrosine kinase activity. The observation of anti-tyrosine kinase activity in C.Fs suggests the presence of negative modulatory factors of the proto-oncogene activation in tumor tissues. This could have therapeutical interest.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1991

Effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on female whole saliva.

The composition and flow rate of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva were analysed in 22 women, of whom 11 used oral contraceptives and 11 did not. Ten men served as the controls. The salivary samples were collected during one month (oral contraceptive users and men), or during one menstrual cycle (non-users). The saliva analyses included flow rate, pH, buffer effect, sialic acid, thiocyanate, peroxidase, lysozyme, amylase, immunoglobulins A, G and M, total protein, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, yeasts and total numbers of aerobic bacteria. The salivary buffer effect of oral contraceptive users was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher than that of non-users. All the other constituents showed intra- and interindividual variation in all groups, but with no apparent hormone-dependency.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol by oral Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans.

The ability of oral isolates of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans to metabolize 17 beta-estradiol was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography using 4-14C-estradiol as the substrate. All test microorganisms metabolized 17 beta-estradiol. Estrone was the main metabolic product, except for B. cereus, which converted 17 beta-estradiol mainly to unidentified, more polar metabolites. S. sanguis and B. cereus had the most active metabolism but S. mutans and C. albicans were also active.

Bacillus cereus↗
PubMed1990

Progesterone metabolism by major salivary glands of rat--II. Parotid gland.

The metabolism of [4-14C]progesterone in the parotid salivary glands of nonpregnant female, pregnant female and male rats were investigated in vitro. The metabolic activity of the male rats was significantly lower than in either of the female groups. The pregnant group was metabolically more active than the nonpregnant female group, but his differences was not statistically significant. I homogenates and soluble fractions the main metabolite was 20-alpha-hydroxy- 4-pregnen-3-one in female rats. In male rats the main metabolites were 20-alpha-hydroxy-4- pregnen-3-one and 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-alpha-pregnan-20-one in homogenates and 20-alpha-hydroxy-4- pregnen-3-one in soluble fractions. In the microsomal fractions of both sexes polar compounds predominated. The results indicated the presence of at least the following progesterone metabolizing enzymes in art parotid salivary glands; 3-alpha-, 3-beta-, 20-alpha- and 20-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 5-alpha-and 5-beta-steroid hydrogenase and 17-alpha-steroid hydroxylase activities. Ind the homogenates and soluble fractions of female rats 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher than in males.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Progesterone metabolism by major salivary glands of rat--I. Submandibular and sublingual glands.

The metabolism of progesterone by the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of female (nonpregnant and pregnant) and male rats was studied. The metabolism was in both sexes significantly greater in submandibular than in sublingual glands. Sex differences were not seen in sublingual glands but less metabolism was found in homogenates and microsomal fractions of female (nonpregnant and pregnant) submandibular glands compared to that of males. The metabolism did not differ between pregnant and nonpregnant female rats. The metabolites were mainly 5 alpha-pregnane-compounds. On the basis of the metabolites identified it can be concluded that rat submandibular and sublingual glands contain at least 3 alpha-, 3 beta-, 20 alpha- and 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 5 alpha- and 5 beta-steroid hydrogenase and 17 alpha-steroid hydroxylase activity. 5 alpha-steroid hydrogenase activity was significantly higher in all preparations of male submandibular glands than in females. In sublingual glands some enzyme activities showed pregnancy-related decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Semantic errors in a deep dyslexic.

A case of a Swedish-speaking deep dyslexic is reported whose semantic paralexias appeared to result mainly from a lexical retrieval failure in oral reading. He was able to draw correct pictures of the written words for which he had simultaneously produced a semantically erroneous oral reading response. Repeated attempts to correct paralexic responses were common, indicating that the patient was often aware of the errors. His lexical retrieval problems and semantic errors extended to naming as well, and the results support Nolan and Caramazza's (1982, Brain and Language, 16, 237-264), dual-deficit model of deep dyslexia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pregnancy-related changes in human whole saliva.

Flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, viscosity, sialic acid, selected proteins (amylase, lysozyme, peroxidase, lactoferrin) and anions (thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite) were analysed in paraffin-stimulated whole saliva of 16 women during the three trimesters of pregnancy and post partum. Salivary pH and buffer capacity decreased towards late pregnancy, followed by a rapid and significant (p less than 0.01) increase after delivery. The specific activity of salivary peroxidase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) during the third trimester, thus supporting the concept of oestrogen-dependency of this enzyme. None of the other parameters changed significantly during pregnancy or lactation. The results suggest that the composition of human saliva is influenced by female sex steroids during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Association of functional state of stomatognathic system with mobility of cervical spine and neck muscle tenderness.

Clinical signs of craniomandibular disorder, the mobility of the cervical spine, and neck-shoulder muscle tenderness were assessed or measured in a nonpatient sample of 57 and a patient sample of 76 subjects. Examinations performed after a 1-year interval showed that the frequency of signs of craniomandibular disorder had remained virtually unchanged. The functional state of the stomatognathic system was significantly associated with both mobility of the cervical spine and neck-shoulder muscle tenderness.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Molecular organization (topography) of cytochrome P-450(11)beta in mitochondrial membrane and phospholipid vesicles as studied by trypsinolysis.

Cytochrome P-450(11)beta from adrenal cortex is an intrinsic membrane protein embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Topography of the protein inside a phospholipid bilayer was examined using controlled proteolysis of purified cytochrome P-450(11)beta following its integration into artificial liposomes. Inclusion of the protein into phospholipid vesicles led to a marked stabilization of the cytochrome activity. Trypsin treatment of the liposome-integrated cytochrome resulted in the rapid disappearance of the native protein moiety (47 kDa), while a major 34 kDa peptide component was formed. This peptide core retained the heme moiety and part of the cytochrome steroid-11 beta hydroxylase activity. Very similar observations were obtained when inside-out vesicles prepared from isolated adrenocortical mitoplasts were examined with the same approach. It is thus suggested that adrenocortical cytochrome P-450(11)beta is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane as well as in artificial liposomes by a major hydrophobic domain associated with the heme moiety while a limited domain remains accessible on the matrix side of the membrane surface. The previous described phosphorylation of the cytochrome P-450(11)beta on a serine residue, by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is suggested to occur in the protein domain oriented toward the membrane surface, the phosphorylation site being lost under mild proteolytic digestion of the membrane-integrated protein.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1986

Development of mouse embryonic molars in vitro: an attempt to design defined culture conditions allowing mineralization.

Mandibular first molars from 17 day old mouse embryos were cultivated in vitro for 14 days in BGJb-medium supplemented with 20% horse serum and 10% chick embryo extract or in BGJb containing various compounds suggested to have a role in biological mineralization. The incubation atmosphere consisted either of 5% CO2 in air or 50% O2, 45% N2 and 5% CO2. Histologically, explants grown in serum-supplemented medium frequently showed dentin mineralization, the frequency being highest, 90%, in high oxygen partial pressure. In medium without serum, only two out of 43 explants which were cultured in BGJb containing 5 mM Na-beta-glycerophosphate, formed mineralized dentin. The amounts of DNA and calcium, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in explants after culture showed no direct correlation to mineralization potential. Calcified dentin was always confined to one or two clearly demarcated areas, which were intensely stained by the von Kossa method. It appears that mineralization continues readily when it has started and that it is the initiation of mineralization that is the critical threshold and depends on serum factors.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Polyclonal activation of B cells during rubella infection.

Intensive spontaneous production of IgG by peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro is detected at the onset of rash in patients with rubella virus infection. The IgG synthesized consists not only of antibodies against rubella virus specific antigens but also of antibodies to unrelated viruses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Measurement of antetorsion of the femoral neck by ultrasonics. Comparison with x-ray computed tomography].

A method of measurement of femoral anteversion using ultrasounds is presented. It is easily reproducible and non-irradiating. It was tested in 100 hips and compared with measurement by tomodensitometry. The results were similar. Both methods were tested in dry bones and the results again were comparable. It is concluded that ultrasound measurements are reliable and without danger and should be used in preference.

Femur Neck↗
PubMed1984

B-cell function in vitro during rubella infection.

B-cell function in vitro was studied in patients with natural rubella virus infection. Lymphocyte responses to mitogens in a blast transformation test were decreased at the onset of the rash. Spontaneous immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased during the acute phase of illness. In regulatory T-cell subpopulations, increased proportions of cells with suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes and decreased proportions of cells with helper/inducer phenotypes were detected simultaneously with the increased spontaneous immunoglobulin production. All parameters studied were recovered during the convalescent phase.

Adolescent↗