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Biomedical subjects

M Lawless

Publications and source records attributed to M Lawless.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Paradoxical response to photorefractive treatment for postkeratoplasty astigmatism.

A 42-year-old woman with functionally disabling postkeratoplasty astigmatism in her right eye 3 years after corneal transplantation for keratoconus received photorefractive keratectomy for high astigmatism in that eye. This did not reduce her astigmatism. The procedure was repeated and corneal astigmatism paradoxically increased. The forces within the pseudo-optical ring that cause and maintain astigmatism in corneal transplants may be a significant factor in the unpredictable response of some corneal transplants to excimer photorefractive astigmatism correction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Corneal scarring and irregular astigmatism following refractive surgery in a corneal transplant.

BACKGROUND: Scarring may follow refractive surgery, causing irregular astigmatism and loss of visual acuity. METHODS: A case report of scarring and irregular astigmatism occurring in a corneal transplant following photorefractive keratectomy and arcuate incisions is presented. RESULTS: Following surgical excision of the scar, unaided visual acuity improved from 1/60 to 6/12. Histopathology of the excised scar was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Refractive surgery following corneal transplantation may produce scarring. The origin of the scar in the present case has not been established.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Teething troubles.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Phototherapeutic keratectomy for Reis Bucklers' corneal dystrophy.

Superficial keratectomy, penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty have all been advocated when intervention in Reis Bucklers' corneal dystrophy is necessary because of diminished visual acuity. In this study, 11 eyes were treated by phototherapeutic keratectomy with an excimer laser. Two eyes had previously been treated by penetrating keratoplasty. The visual acuity improved in all eyes, from an average of 6/60 to 6/9 with complete cessation of recurrent erosions. The technique was modified, with experience, to minimise the hyperopic shift that occurs with this procedure. Phototherapeutic keratectomy has significant advantages over other procedures and is now the procedure of choice once surgery is required in Reis Bucklers' dystrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Keratoconus: diagnosis and management.

Keratoconus is a common condition whose clinical features represent a common effect on the cornea of a number of diverse processes. This review deals with the clinical signs and accompanying histological and biochemical changes within the cornea, evaluates the significance of associated ocular and systemic conditions and assesses the incidence and prevalence of the disorder. The wider ophthalmic community shares in the treatment of keratoconus, so the general principles of contact lens fitting associated with this difficult condition are examined and the specific protocol used at the Flinders Medical Centre is presented. When contact lenses are not tolerated or an adequate improvement in visual acuity is not achieved, surgery is the next option, so a full assessment is made of the risks and benefits of penetrating keratoplasty. Older techniques, such as thermokeratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty, are examined and the new technique of epikeratophakia is evaluated.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMed1986

Surfboard-related ocular injuries.

Three cases of ocular trauma caused by surfboards are reported. The severe nature of the injuries is discussed and the prevalence of this type of injury is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis in childhood.

A study was made of 112 children with preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, and orbital abscess. These were consecutive admissions to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, during the period June 1976 to August 1985. The average age was 3 years 6 months. The clinical and radiological signs for each group were defined. Of the 112 children, 43.8% (with an average age of 3 years 3 months) had a clinical history of an upper respiratory tract infection. Trauma was a factor in 13.4% of patients. Haemophilus influenzae was recovered from blood culture in two patients and from conjunctival culture in seven patients. The average age of this group was 3 years 7 months. Plain radiographs taken of 53 patients revealed evidence of paranasal sinus disease in 29 (54.7%). Computerized tomography was performed in 14 patients. Of seven patients requiring surgical drainage of orbital or subperiosteal abscess (average age 7 years 2 months), five had clinical upper respiratory tract infection.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Oral contraception and serious psychiatric illness: absence of an association.

The incidence of serious psychiatric illness, as measured by first referral to hospital for specialist advice and treatment, has been investigated among 16,746 women taking part in the Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Of these women, 9,504 were recruited while using oral contraceptives, 4,144 while using a diaphragm and 3,098 while using an intrauterine device. The results are reassuring with respect to oral contraceptive use. First referral rates per 1000 woman-years of observation in the oral contraceptive, diaphragm, and intrauterine device entry groups were 3.0, 2.6, and 2.8 respectively for non-psychotic psychiatric disorders and 0.46, 0.43 and 0.53 respectively for psychotic disorders. Attempted suicide occurred only 40% as often amongst diaphragm users as amongst users of oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices; this finding presumably reflects the characteristics of women who choose the diaphragm as their birth control method.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study.

The Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study involves over 17 000 women who were recruited at 17 clinics in England and Scotland during the interval 1968-74 and have been followed up ever since. This paper describes the survey methods, the characteristics of the participants, the progress of the study, the main results and publications to date, and the proposals for future work. Although the study was originally mainly concerned with the benefits and risks of oral contraceptives it has, in fact, contributed to knowledge about a wide variety of birth control methods. The data on efficacy are of special value in that they cover all methods of contraception in common use and have been derived from a homogeneous and closely observed population. The mortality figures, while limited in extent, have supplemented the findings in the Royal College of General Practitioners study. Reports on morbidity from many different diseases have been published; these have documented both beneficial and harmful effects of various contraceptive methods. The study data on return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception are unique, while contributions have also been made to knowledge about outcome of pregnancy in those stopping contraception to have a planned baby or becoming accidentally pregnant while using a birth control method. The study, which is supported by the Medical Research Council, is currently funded until mid-1989.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neoplasia of the cervix uteri and contraception: a possible adverse effect of the pill.

The incidence of biopsy-proven cervical neoplasia during a 10-year follow-up was determined in 6838 parous women who entered the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study while using oral contraceptives and 3154 parous women who entered the study while using an intrauterine device (IUD). Risk factors for cervical neoplasia, continuation of attendance at family planning clinics, and frequency of examination by cervical cytology were similar in the two groups. All 13 cases of invasive cancer occurred in women in the oral contraceptive group; 9 had more than 6 years' use of the pill. Both carcinoma-in-situ and dysplasia also occurred more frequently in the oral contraceptive group than in the IUD group, and when the two conditions were considered together there was a trend in incidence with duration of oral contraceptive use. The incidence for all three forms of neoplasia combined rose from 0.9 per 1000 woman-years in those with up to 2 years' pill use to 2.2 per 1000 woman-years in those with more than 8 years' pill use. Amongst IUD users, there was no such trend in incidence with duration of use: the rate fluctuated around 1.0 per 1000 woman-years. The great majority of cases of invasive cancer were detected by means of cervical smears and were treated while the disease was still curable. Long-term users of oral contraceptives should have regular cervical cytological examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tubal sterilization: findings in a large prospective study.

Of the 17032 women taking part in a large prospective study of the beneficial and harmful effects of different contraceptive methods, 2243 (13%) had undergone tubal sterilization by the end of 1981 while another 3551 (21%) had husbands who had undergone vasectomy. The most commonly used female sterilization procedure was laparoscopic tubal diathermy. About 19% of all operations were carried out at the time of a delivery or during the subsequent 4 weeks. In total, 16 accidental pregnancies have occurred in the sterilized women, the failure rate during the 12 months after surgery being 0.37 per 100 woman-years and the rate during the subsequent months being 0.10 per 100 woman-years. Of the 16 accidental pregnancies, seven were ectopic. In an analysis comparing women who had undergone tubal sterilization with those whose husbands had undergone vasectomy, there was little evidence of any excess occurrence of gynaecological or psychiatric disorders in the former group.

Adult↗