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Biomedical subjects

M Ledoux

Publications and source records attributed to M Ledoux.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Interactions among calcium, sodium, and alcohol intake as determinants of blood pressure.

It has been reported that calcium intake may effectively modulate the expression of hypertension affected by sodium. The present study extends our previous analysis of this calcium-sodium interaction, additionally demonstrating that calcium, sodium, and alcohol intake further contribute to both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in normotensive subjects. Calcium intake was related to lower blood pressure over all ranges of sodium and alcohol intake, and alcohol intake contributed positively and significantly to both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. However, sodium was associated with increased blood pressure only at low calcium intake, particularly in subjects who consumed large amounts of alcohol. This study points to a significant interaction among sodium, calcium, and alcohol intake as determinants of blood pressure, which, together with gender and weight, contribute to 31% of systolic blood pressure and with the addition of age to 36% of the variance in diastolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Recurrent erysipelas].

Erysipelas is clinically defined as a febrile skin infection with a sudden onset of a red indurated expanding plaque with distinct border. A typical erysipelas presents various degrees of cutaneous erythema, oedema and is characterized by less well-defined margins. The responsible agent can be a beta-hemolytic streptococcus (group A), Staphylococcus aureus and other streptococci (group B, C and D). Common predisposing factors are venous insufficiency, lymphatic obstruction and underlying illnesses. Guidelines for the diagnosis and the management of erysipelas are proposed. The episodes of erysipelas ordinarily respond promptly to penicillin or a beta-lactamase resistant antibiotic. Prevention of recurrent erysipelas by means of an antibiotic prophylaxis is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers].

Pressure is the primary pathogenic factor in the development of ulcers but other major factors are shearing forces, friction and moisture. Significant risk factors are immobility, nutritional status and age-related diseases. Complications of pressure ulcers can be life threatening. The authors wish to stress preventive measures and also recommend a therapeutic approach based on the grade of ulcer present. Prevention is best achieved by identification of high risk patients, alleviation of causative and predisposing factors and early detection of ischemic skin changes. The treatment includes local wound care that eliminates necrotic tissue, decreases bacterial load and provides a physiologic environment allowing the wound to heal, and systemic treatment: adequate nutrition, correction of underlying illnesses and systemic antibiotics (in case of sepsis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis or the prevention of bacterial endocarditis).

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Immunohistology of bullous autoimmune skin diseases].

Autoimmune bullous dermatoses undertake frequently oropharyngeal mucous membranes and the skin surface, either in succession or simultaneously. Actual observation technics by photon and electron microscopy, by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry (with specific antibodies) have allowed to differentiate more particularly pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, acquired bullous epidermolysis, all autoimmune bullous affections.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1990

["Insect bite" and Borrelia].

A case of insect bite with a peculiar evolution is presented. The simultaneous inoculation of Borrelia burgdorferi and the treatment are discussed.

Borrelia burgdorferi Group↗
PubMed1989

Patterns of experimental contamination by Protogonyaulax tamarensis in some French commercial shellfish.

As a result of the proliferation of toxic marine dinoflagellates along European coasts and the recent discovery of paralytic poisons in French shellfish, experimental studies were conducted on four species of shellfish from the Brittany coasts. Contamination rates of a culture of toxic Protogonyaulax tamarensis, were determined for Mytilus edulis, Crassostrea gigas, Pecten maximus and Ruditapes philippinarum. Mussels and scallops were very rapidly contaminated showing high toxin accumulation rates, whereas rates for oysters and clams were low. During the decontamination phase, two stages were observed in mussels and scallops: a fast decrease in toxin, of the same order of magnitude as the accumulation, followed by a slow decrease, with the toxic rate remaining above the quarantine level of 80 micrograms/100 g. Toxin analysis, both in the culture and in the shellfish, was performed using high performance liquid chromatography. GTX3 and GTX8/epiGTX8 were the dominant toxins in the early stage of the decontamination phases, whereas GTX2 was the predominant compound during the slow phase of decontamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Iron deficiency among active men.

Iron deficiency in active men is well documented. To assess the relative importance of dietary iron intake, iron absorption, and iron loss in the pathogenesis of this iron deficiency, we compared a group of iron-deficient athletes to a group with normal iron stores. Iron absorption was assessed by an iron tolerance test. Serum haptoglobin was used as a measure of hemolysis. The presence of hemoglobinuria reflected urinary iron loss. Iron intake was determined by a 3-day dietary record as well as a food frequency questionnaire. Results showed iron absorption to be inversely correlated with iron stores. Iron-deficient athletes had higher absorption, suggesting a normal regulation mechanism. Major hemolysis (serum haptoglobin below 40 mg/dl) was found in 28% of subjects with no relationship to iron stores. No hemoglobinuria was detected after a usual training session. Iron intake was elevated in relation to high caloric intake, but iron intake in the form of meat was lower in iron-deficient athletes, as compared to those with normal or repleted iron stores. It is our opinion that inadequate iron intake is an important determinant of iron deficiency in athletes.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome (Cross syndrome) in a Gipsy child.

A boy aged 2 years, born prematurely to Gipsy parents, presented with hypopigmentation severe encephalopathy with athetoid movements, bilateral ocular anomalies including cloudy corneas, iris atrophy and cataracts, as well as dental defects. Ultrastructural examination of the skin disclosed scare melanosomes. Although the neurologic and ocular anomalies might have been accounted for by his extreme prematurity, their association with hypomelanogenesis and dental defects support, in this patient the diagnosis of the oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome (Cross syndrome).

Albinism↗
PubMed1989

[Lesions of the acetabular rim. Clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies and perspectives].

Partial rupture of the acetabular rim have usually been described as accompanying traumatic or dysplasic dislocations of the hip. The five cases reported here are in favor of a specific pathology of this fibrocartilage as it is in the knee or the shoulder. Besides, the functional symptoms are not without reminding that of these two joints with sudden onset of cracks, jerks, blockings and even a real joint instability. The pain is never isolated, but may accompany other disorders. The cases were selected in order to evaluate the clinical manifestations and the therapeutic consequences of such a lesion according to the articular history. The diagnosis can only be confirmed with arthrography, which, in addition, permits to evaluate the size of the rim and the condition of the cartilage. The three patients who underwent surgery presented the lesions shown on arthrography. The problem lies in the possible arthrogenic potential of a tear, left in place because minimally disabling for the patient.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

Lactate threshold and onset of blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise after dietary modifications.

This study was designed to clarify the effects of dietary modifications on the lactate threshold (LT) and on the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) during progressive incremental exercise. Six healthy males volunteered for the study. Informed consent was obtained from every participant. The following protocol was administered to each subject on three occasions: a 48-h period of mixed dieting (53% carbohydrates, 30% lipids, 17% proteins) preceding the first exercise test, immediately followed by a 48-h period of either a carbohydrate-rich (68% CHO, 23% lipids, 9% proteins) or a fat-rich (19% CHO, 57% lipids, 26% proteins) iso-caloric diet leading to the second exercise and separated from the third test by a 12-days period. Exercise tests were conducted on an electrically-braked ergocycle, and consisted of a progressive incremental maximal exercise. Respiratory parameters were continuously monitored by an automated open circuit sampling system. Exercise blood lactate (LA), free fatty acids (FFA), glucose levels and acid-base balance were determined from venous blood samples obtained through an indwelling brachial catheter. Peak lactate values, workload and performance time were not significantly altered by imposed diets. Furthermore, dietary modifications had no significant effect on LT, OBLA fixed at 4 mmol and ventilatory threshold. Increased pH and FFA mobilization were observed with fat-rich diet, while CHO-rich diet markedly increased the respiratory exchange ratio (R). It is concluded that LT and OBLA are not significantly altered by fat or CHO enrichment of diets.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Larva migrans of the oral mucosa.

A case of buccal larva migrans is presented. This rare peculiar localization is discussed. The different treatments are mentioned with special regard to the topical and systemic use of the thiabendazole.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Fluid-electrolyte shift and renin-aldosterone responses to exercise under hypoxia.

In order to describe fluid-electrolyte shift and endocrine response to exercise under moderate acute hypoxia, 8 healthy male subjects (24 +/- 3 years old) were evaluated at 40, 60, 80 and 100% VO2 max in normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) conditions (14.5% O2). VO2 max decreased from 55.5 +/- 1.3 to 45.8 +/- 1.4 ml/kg X min in H condition. Plasma volume reductions with increasing relative workloads were similar in N (9.4%) and H (9.9%) conditions. The rise in plasma osmolality was in part related to blood lactate accumulation which occurred in both conditions. However, variations in plasma solute content and osmolality suggested that exercise under hypoxia results in a greater electrolyte loss from vascular space and in a greater K+ loss from working skeletal muscles. Increase in catecholamine concentrations were similar in normoxic and hypoxic conditions except for lower maximal norepinephrine concentration under hypoxia. Finally, although plasma renin activity increased with workload in both conditions, plasma aldosterone did not significantly change. This dissociation between renin and aldosterone suggest that aldosterone release during exercise might depend upon other factors. However, changes in plasma potassium concentration do not appear as an important stimulus for aldosterone secretion during exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinically uninvolved skin in AIDS: evidence of atypical dermal vessels similar to early lesions observed in Kaposi's sarcoma. Ultrastructural study in four patients.

The clinically uninvolved skin of 4 patients with well-developed AIDS was investigated by electron microscopy. All biopsy specimens had vascular abnormalities: protruding endothelial cells, vascular channels reduced to slits, gaps within the vascular walls, and extravasated erythrocytes. These features are similar to those described in early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma. These findings suggest that blood vessels of the clinically uninvolved skin of AIDS patients are potential sites of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of exercise-induced blood prolactin response by acute hypoxia.

Prolactin (PRL) secretion is regulated by a variety of factors, most of them being known for their enhancing effects on blood PRL levels. This study describes the inhibitory influence of an acute exposure to hypoxia (14.5% O2) on the blood PRL response induced by graded maximal exercise in eight trained male subjects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Determination of proteins and sulfobetaine with the Folin-phenol reagent.

This paper describes a method for the quantitative analysis of solutions containing a mixture of proteins and sulfobetaine. In a preliminary step the proteins, which interfere with the detergent assay, are separated by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid (8%). The insoluble fraction, dissolved in NaOH (1.0 N), and the soluble fraction, containing the detergent, are treated with the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, essentially following the method of O. H. Lowry, N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall (1951, J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275). The absorbance of the protein fraction is read, as usual at 750 nm, while that of the detergent solution is read at 342 nm. At this wavelength, sulfobetaine, treated with the Folin reagent, absorbs strongly, the absorbances being proportional to its concentration up to 1.5 mg/ml.

Betaine↗
PubMed1986

Reproducibility of plasma catecholamine concentrations at rest and during exercise in man.

The purpose of this study was to test the reproducibility of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations, at rest and during exercise, in man. Twelve young men were evaluated on two occasions (one week apart) at rest in supine and sitting positions and during dynamic exercise on bicycle ergometer: 5 min at a low intensity workload (heart rate = 131-133 bt min-1) and 5 and 20 min at a higher intensity (174-175 bt min-1). Mean plasma NE and E concentrations were not significantly different (p less than 0.05) on the two occasions in any of the experimental situations. However large within-subject variations were present, and the "standard errors of a single measurement" corrected for the variability of the catecholamine assay, ranged from 14 to 50% for NE and 14 to 37% for E. These results indicate that the mean plasma NE and E concentrations observed in a group of subjects are reproducible from one week to the other, but that individual plasma NE and E concentrations are not. This lack of reliability of a single determination of plasma catecholamine concentrations might be due to cyclic variations of plasma NE and E concentrations over time.

Adult↗