PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Lefkowitz

Publications and source records attributed to M Lefkowitz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A new method for reduction of hip dislocations.

Traumatic hip dislocations and dislocation of total hip arthroplasties are common injuries. Closed reduction of either a dislocated hip or a total hip arthroplasty can be a demanding procedure and may necessitate open reduction if unsuccessful or lead to further complications. These include fracture or neurovascular injury to the patient, as well as injury to the surgeon when reducing the hip. This article describes a technique that reliably reduces dislocations while minimizing complications.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Electrical properties of axons within probst bundles of acallosal mice and callosi that have reformed upon glial-coated polymer implants.

Lesioning of the developing cerebral midline and corpus callosum of mice results in the formation of bilateral masses of axons known as Probst's longitudinal bundles. These ectopic axons were examined using an in vitro brain slice technique, and they were found to be functional and to have electrical properties that were similar to those of the unlesioned corpus callosum at a comparable age. When a nitrocellulose bridge is properly oriented at the site of the callosal lesion in neonates, the implant will support the migration of glia which, in turn, promote the redirection of callosal axons across the midline. These axons were also analyzed by in vitro brain slice techniques, and they were found to be functional and to have electrical properties that were similar to the unlesioned corpus callosum with respect to conduction velocity and chronaxie but dissimilar with respect to charge threshold and rheobase current.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and posttraumatic stress disorder. Multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment.

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may co-occur with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A case study is reported of a challenging adolescent patient who presented to a chronic pain service with RSD and PTSD. A multidisciplinary approach utilizing nerve-block therapy with adjunctive pharmacologic treatment, physical rehabilitation, and behavioral/cognitive psychological therapy was employed to produce a significant reduction in pain as well as a more physically and psychologically functional adolescent. The diagnosis and treatment of each disease is essential for the successful resolution of symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Sphenopalatine ganglion block: clinical use in the pain management clinic.

Clinical experience with the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block combined with a review of prior studies led to conducting a retrospective evaluation of four patients with chronic pain treated with the SPG block. The review of case reports suggests the usefulness of SPG blocks in the pain management clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Granulomatous angiopanniculitis of the breast.

The clinical and pathologic features of six examples of nonnecrotizing granulomatous angiopanniculitis (GAP) of the breast are reported. The patients presented with a solitary ill-defined breast mass causing clinical suspicion of carcinoma. Histopathologically, all lesions consisted of multiple nonnecrotic, noncaseous granulomas with a giant cell component predominantly involving the subcutaneous adipose tissue, extending into the underlying mammary tissue without affecting lobules or ducts. A nonleukocytoclastic lymphocytic angiitis involved small vessels and capillaries. None of the patients had a history of an autoimmune disorder or had previous diagnoses of erythema nodosum or multiforme, leukocytoclastic or nonleukocytoclastic vasculitis, or Weber-Christian disease. Treatment was limited to biopsy in all six patients. Studies for infectious agents on specimens were negative. Five of the six patients developed one or more recurrences in the breast or elsewhere on the body. Four patients experienced spontaneous regression of their recurrent lesions. GAP appears to be a self-limited disorder of uncertain etiology which involves the breast and other sites. It may represent a variant of Weber-Christian disease, as the two diseases share similar clinical and histologic features. GAP must be distinguished from causes of granulomatous inflammation of the breast for which specific medical therapy is available.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

The prevalence and management of pain in patients with AIDS: a review of 134 cases.

In light of the lack of any prior systematic evaluations of the prevalence and types of pain syndromes and treatments found in patients with AIDS, a chart review study was undertaken to evaluate this issue. Fifty-two of 96 charts reviewed (54%) had at least one note on nonprocedural pain or analgesic prescription. Although chest pain was the most prevalent pain location (22%), presumably because of the high incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, other possible AIDS-related entities, such as peripheral neuropathy and thrombophlebitis, were also found. No specific AIDS syndromes could be identified that were related to a higher incidence of pain. Nearly one-third of patients with pain received codeine (31%), others received acetaminophen (27%), and 17% of patients received acetaminophen and oxycodone HCl. Specific pain management interventions must be evaluated and applied to control the nontrivial occurrence of pain in patients who have AIDS symptoms that may be overlooked by the physician given the overwhelming disease process.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Cat-scratch disease masquerading as a solitary tumor of the breast.

Cat-scratch disease in breast lymph node tissue may present as a mass lesion and require clinical investigation to rule out malignancy. Four cases involving prepectoral lymph nodes have been diagnosed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Mammographic findings of a smooth-edged soft-tissue density without spiculation or calcification may suggest the diagnosis. Warthin-Starry silver impregnation of tissue sections is the preferred method of diagnosis, and should be added to the diagnostic workup of granulomatous lesions of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Natural killer-cell activity in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients.

We prospectively studied natural killer (NK)-cell activity in 16 cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients. NK function remained intact in the group as a whole in the initial 6 months following transplantation. The percentage of CD16-positive cells within the peripheral blood mononuclear-cell population was highly correlated with NK activity both prior to and following transplantation in the absence of rejection. During rejection, the correlation was poor. A marked increase in NK activity occurred during 9 of 12 rejection episodes; similar increases in NK activity were rarely observed in the absence of rejection. Significant infiltrates of NK cells, as determined by expression of CD16, were not demonstrated in stained biopsy specimens obtained from rejecting allografts. Pretransplant NK activity did not predict clinical outcome of the allograft. Our results indicate that NK cells are activated during allograft rejection in cyclosporine-treated patients, but their exact role in the rejection process is unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Increase in natural killer activity in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients during rejection.

Natural killer (NK) activity was assessed in a prospective fashion in 15 renal transplant recipients receiving single HLA-haplotype matched allografts and maintained on cyclosporine (CYA) immunosuppression. There was marked variability in NK activity pretransplantation in this population; however, a strong correlation (r = 0.92, p less than 0.01) was found between determinations in an individual patient upon repeated testing. No significant depression of NK activity occurred within the first 12 weeks following transplantation. Whole blood CYA levels did not correlate with NK activity. Although NK activity prior to transplantation did not predict clinical outcome of the allograft, a marked rise in NK activity was observed in patients undergoing rejection compared with those not rejecting (p less than 0.01). A large increment in activity was seen in eight of 11 rejection episodes; a similar increase was rarely seen in the absence of rejection. These results indicate that NK activity is stimulated during allograft rejection in CYA treated renal transplant recipients. It remains to be determined whether this rise in NK function represents a manifestation of alloreactivity accompanying the rejection process or whether NK cells directly contribute to allograft destruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Canine left ventricular function during experimental pancreatitis.

Left ventricular contractility following induction of experimental pancreatitis (EP) was studied. Contractility was evaluated by analyzing the left ventricular end systolic pressure-diameter relationship (sigma ES). Sigma ES is independent of large changes in preload, afterload, and heart rate, but sensitive to changes in ventricular contractility. Following injection of 100,000 IU trypsin in 4% taurocholate into the pancreas to induce EP, seven of eight dogs survived 5 hr. These dogs exhibited an initial significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (MABP) which stabilized at 90% of control at 3-5 hr post-EP. Cardiac output (CO) dropped slowly after EP induction (from 3.08 +/- 0.43 to 2.22 +/- 0.22 liters/min) associated with no significant change in peripheral resistance. Stroke work and stroke volume were markedly depressed reflecting the changes in MABP and CO. No consistent changes in +dP/dt or -dP/dt were observed. The ratio of endo/epicardial blood flow was unchanged as was blood Ca2+ levels throughout the experiment. Ventricular contractility as reflected by sigma ES tended to improve (from 49.7 to 69.6 mm Hg/mm at 4 hr following EP). Therefore, it was concluded that these animals exhibited no loss of ventricular contractility during EP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Ductal metaplasia of human exocrine pancreas and its association with carcinoma.

Monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers of human exocrine pancreas were used to establish the cytotypic expression of cells forming "tubular complexes" in pancreases from six adults without carcinoma and in the nontumorous pancreatic parenchyma of 16 pancreases with carcinoma. These cells manifested duct cell determinants. In general, the presence of cells with duct cell surface markers within the acini corresponded to the normal distribution of centroacinar cells in the 30 control human pancreases (from cadaveric donors); however, foci of abnormal acini were seen in these pancreases independent of or intermingled with the "tubular complexes." The acini in these abnormal areas were formed by a core of cells and cell processes that expressed duct cell determinants. They were partially surrounded by acinar cells and showed slight or no lumenal dilation. While the causative agent(s), the cell(s) of origin, and the regression and/or progression of these lesions are yet to be determined, the replacement of acini by the spectrum of lesions composed of cells with duct cell surface marker is suggested to constitute ductal metaplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Intracranial metastases in prostate cancer.

In a clinicopathologic review of 126 autopsied cases with prostate cancer, 14 demonstrated intracranial metastases. Only two of nine symptomatic patients were evaluated for suspected central nervous system metastases prior to death, and five asymptomatic patients were incidentally found to have metastases at autopsy. Intracranial metastases in prostate cancer occur in the setting of widespread disease, and tissue pathology may reveal moderately to poorly differentiated tumor (11 of 14 cases).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Renal failure secondary to angiomyolipoma. Case of Forme-Fruste tuberous sclerosis.

A fifty-four-year-old woman without the clinical features of tuberous sclerosis underwent nephrectomy at age thirty-three years for angiomyolipoma, and twenty-one years later severe renal failure developed. At necropsy the remaining kidney had extensive angiomyolipomatous involvement; not until the brain was examined was the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis made. To date, this would appear to be the third case without clinical tuberous sclerosis in which renal involvement was the sole clinical expression of tuberous sclerosis, and the seventh reported instance of renal failure due to renal angiomyolipomatous hamartomatous transformation.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Naked megakaryocyte nuclei: a clue to malignancy.

Bone marrow smears from 63 patients with various malignancies and a series of 51 controls were examined for the presence and percentage of naked megakaryocyte nuclei (NMN). Patients with malignancy had more than 15% NMN, which, when compared with the incidence in controls, was statistically significant. The etiology of this artifact is unknown. It is a clue to the presence of malignancy, and might be useful in following treated cases of malignancy for evidence of relapse. NMN should not be confused with metastatic malignant cells.

Cell Nucleus↗