PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Legrand

Publications and source records attributed to M Legrand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Metabolic and respiratory changes after cholecystectomy performed via laparotomy or laparoscopy.

We have compared metabolic and respiratory changes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 15) with those after open cholecystectomy (n = 15). The durations of postoperative i.v. therapy, fasting and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group. During the first and second days after operation, analgesic consumption but not pain scores (visual analogue scale) were significantly smaller after laparoscopy, while vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and PaO2 were significantly greater. The metabolic and acute phase responses (glucose, leucocytosis, C-reactive protein) were less after laparoscopy compared with laparotomy. Although plasma cortisol and catecholamine concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups, after surgery interleukin-6 concentrations were less in the laparoscopy group.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1991

Subcellular localization of acidic and basic PR proteins in tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco.

Infection of Samsum NN tobacco with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in the induction of the synthesis of acidic and basic isoforms of many pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. By immunogold-electromicroscopy we have shown that PR proteins accumulate mainly in cells around the necrotic spots of TMV-induced lesions. The acidic chitinases, beta-(1,3)-glucanases and thaumatin-like proteins were found to accumulate in extracellular "pocket-like" vesicles while the basic chitinases were found in electron dense inclusion bodies in the vacuoles. These structures were not detectable in PR-containing leaves devoid of virus nor in healthy plants.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

[Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in the neonatal period. Initial results].

The place of neonatal cerebral MRI and its specific contribution compared with conventional imaging techniques were evaluated in 36 patients. The difficulties specific to the patient population studied met during this preliminary period are described, with their local solutions. A preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic value of MRI according to the disease state and gestational age is presented. The specific contribution of MRI compared with transfontanellar ultrasonography and CT scan is discussed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Isolation and characterization of six pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins of Samsun NN tobacco.

The purification to homogeneity of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins R and S from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN leaves has been achieved by using a combination of conventional and high-performance chromatographic supports. The same procedure allowed the purification and the characterization of four other proteins which displayed some properties characteristic of tobacco PR proteins and were shown to accumulate in tobacco leaves in response to virus infection. They can be, therefore, considered as new tobacco PR proteins which we designate as PR-s1, -s2, -r1 and -r2. The relative electrophoretic mobilities (Rf) under non-denaturing conditions were estimated to 0.30 for PR-r1 and -r2, 0.25 for Pr-R, 0.20 for PR-s1 and -s2 and 0.15 for PR-S. On SDS gels PR proteins R and S possessed the same apparent molecular weight (Mr 24,000) as did PR-proteins s1 and r1 (Mr 14,500) and PR-s2 and -r2 (Mr 13,000). However, proteins s1, s2, r1 and r2 had identical electrophoretic mobilities on SDS gels when the loading sample buffer contained no reducing agent. Polyclonal antisera were raised against PR proteins R and S and used in immunoblotting experiments. Proteins R and S were shown to be serologically closely related. No cross-reaction was detected with any of the four new tobacco PR proteins r1, r2, s1 and s2 or with the previously described PR proteins, i.e. PR-1a, -1b, -1c, -2, -N, -O, -P and -Q.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1990

Clinical significance of serum pro-collagen III in chronic myeloproliferative disorders.

Pro-collagen III (PC III) has been proposed as a useful value for diagnosis and follow-up of myeloproliferative disorders. A significant difference is observed between polycythaemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythaemias (ET) on one hand, and the pure erythrocytoses (PE) on the other hand, but a large overlap makes this test of low diagnostic value. High values are observed in primary and post-PV myelofibrosis, but excessive PC III levels in active PV are not predictive of evolution toward myelofibrosis. PC III level is lower in myelo-suppressed patients (32P, or hydroxy-urea) than in active cases or in patients treated by phlebotomies. We conclude that PC III measurement is of low diagnostic value for discriminating PV and PE, does not appear to allow short-term prediction of evolution to myelofibrosis, but may be useful to evaluate the role of treatment in delaying progression of PV toward myelofibrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Coronary vasospasm: a cause of sudden death. Case report of reversible heart arrest with spontaneous coronary spasm documented by angiography].

The authors report a case of cardiac arrest occurring in a patient who had just entered the catheter laboratory for coronary angioplasty. Opacification of the left coronary artery revealed a proximal occluding double spasm unrelated to the distal stenoses for which angioplasty had been requested. Resuscitation and antispastic therapy with intracoronary injection of a nitrate derivative resulted in a complete recovery without any sequellae. The role of coronary spasm in sudden death and the value of the ergometrine test in patients with coronary stenosis are discussed.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1990

[Management of meningeal hemorrhage for angiographic evaluation].

Perfect immobilization of the patient is mandatory when performing cerebral angiography. It allows good analysis and diagnosis of arterial or arterio-venous malformations. Neuroleptanalgesia or general anesthesia are currently used. Most common complications are due, either to induced arterial hypertension or to arterial catheterism (vasospasm or embolism). Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are necessary.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

[Critical analysis of 1000 systematic assays of serum levels of vitamin B12 and folates].

Between January 15 and April 30, 1988, one thousand assays of serum vitamin B12 and folates were performed, and the reasons why they were requested as well as their clinical usefulness are discussed. In 50 cases these assays were requested for a suspected myeloproliferative syndrome; in some of the patients with polycythaemia vera an excess of B12 was observed without hyperleukocytosis, an argument for keeping the B12 assay as an element of initial evaluation. In numerous cases the assays were performed for aetiological evaluation of a macrocytosis of suspected alcoholic origin in most patients; more than 50 per cent of the patient had folate deficiency and only a few had low B12 values. Folate levels were frequently low and B12 levels generally normal in patients with gastrointestinal disease, but many of them had been supplemented with folate and/or B12 prior to the assay. More than 20 per cent of the 1,000 assays were performed in patients aged 80 years or more, and more than 50 per cent of them had a low folate level; this has no consequences for individual subjects, but it may be of epidemiological or sociological interest. It must be mentioned that too many blood samples (more than 40 per cent) were sent to the laboratory without adequate information and after supplementation in 20 per cent of the cases. Very few patients with very low B12 levels were subjected to Schilling's test, so that the clinical usefulness of this assay, as currently utilized, is questionable in a large number of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immunogold localization of beta-1,3-glucanases in two plants infected by vascular wilt fungi.

An antiserum raised against a purified tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase (PR-N) was used to study the subcellular localization of enzyme in fungus-infected plant tissues by means of post-embedding immunogold labeling. In susceptible tomato plants, the enzyme accumulation was found to occur as a result of successful tissue colonization, whereas it appeared to be an early event associated with limited spread of the fungus in resistant tissues. Although marked differences between susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars were observed in the rate of production of beta-1,3-glucanase, the pattern of enzyme distribution was similar. The enzyme was found to accumulate predominantly in host cell walls and secondary thickenings of xylem vessels. By contrast, a very low amount of enzyme was associated with compound middle lamellae. The occurrence of beta-1,3-glucanase at the cell surface of invading fungi was an indication of their possible antifungal activity. A low enzyme concentration was detected in vacuoles of both healthy and infected tissues. In infected eggplant tissue, the pattern of beta-1,3-glucanase distribution was similar to that observed with tomato. Whether these hydrolases accumulate first in vacuoles and are subsequently conveyed toward the outside to participate in fungal wall lysis remains to be determined.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1989

Central cardiovascular effects of dihydropyridines in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of dihydropyridine derivatives calcium channel agonist (BAY K8644) and antagonist (nifedipine, nicardipine, PN 200-110) induced opposite long-lasting changes in blood pressure (BP) in pentobarbital anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SMR). I.c.v. nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC), and PN 200-110 decreased mean blood pressure dose-dependently and stereoselectively, (+) NIC and (+) PN being 8 and 3 times more potent than their (-) isomers, respectively. The decrease in BP was due to a withdrawal of the sympathetic tone, since NIF- and NIC-induced falls in BP were suppressed after either hexamethonium (HXM), 6 OHDA or bilateral adrenalectomy. I.c.v. BAY K8644 increased BP dose-dependently. The i.c.v. BAY K8644-induced hypertensive effect was inhibited: a), by NIF and (+) PN but not by (-) PN, therefore probably occurring at central DHP sites; b), by HXM and reserpine, thus probably mediated by an increase in sympathetic tone; c) by i.c.v. methylatropine (MA) while i.v. MA and i.c.v. HXM had no inhibitory effect, thus probably involving central muscarinic sites. In SHR, NIC did not after the K(+)-evoked ACh release but suppressed the BAY K8644-induced increase in ACh release. In anesthetized normotensive control rats (WKY), neither i.c.v. NIF, NIC or BAY increased BP and HR while, in conscious SHR it decreased BP without any change in HR. These data increased BP and HR while, in conscious SHR it decreased BP without any change in HR. These data suggest that central DHP sites may be involved in the cholinergic transmission and may participate in genetic hypertension via sympathetic tone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparative clinical results of ileal-pouch anal anastomosis and ileorectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis.

The aim of the study was to compare the results of ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IAA) and total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The number of patients included in the comparative trial was 104 (IAA) and 197 (IRA), respectively. No clear advantage of IRA over IAA was seen: postoperative mortality and morbidity were about the same; functional results as shown by the frequency of stools and daytime continence were virtually equal. A factor favoring IAA was, among others, recurrence of proctitis after IRA which is more difficult to treat than the pouchitis occurring after IAA and is associated with a higher rate of secondary permanent end ileostomy; besides, IRA entails the risk of cancer developing in the rectal stump, while at the same time it is difficult to follow up these patients closely enough. IRA is indicated only if the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is in doubt; if the patient is more than 60 years of age; and if IAA proves technically too difficult, IAA is usually preferable, however, if there is any doubt as to whether the patient is suffering from ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, ileorectostomy is preferred which does not preclude IAA at a later date in case of need.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1988

Central and peripheral cardiovascular effects of the enantiomers of the calcium antagonist PN 200-110.

The negative inotropic effects and the central and peripheral hypotensive effects of (+) and (-) PN 200-110 were investigated in cultured chick heart cells and in spontaneously hypertensive rats, respectively. There was a large difference in negative inotropic potency between the two enantiomers in cultured chick embryo ventricular cells: the (+) enantiomer was 140 fold more potent (IC50 = 1.1 +/- 0.2 nM) than the (-) enantiomer (IC50 = 160 +/- 20 nM). (+) PN 200-110 was 10 fold more potent than (-) PN 200-110 in lowering blood pressure after intravenous injection and only three fold more potent after intra-cerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) into pentobarbital-anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. I.c.v. administered (+) PN 200-110 (1 microgram/kg) partially antagonized the hypertensive response to i.c.v. administered BAY K 8644 (30 micrograms/kg), a calcium channel agonist, while the same dose of the (-) enantiomer did not change the i.c.v. BAY-induced increase in blood pressure. These results suggest that the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, PN 200-110, may act centrally and stereoselectively at the level of the dihydropyridine receptor sites involved in the control of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Anesthesia↗