Biomedical subjects
M Lemaire
Publications and source records attributed to M Lemaire.
[Radiation-induced thyroid cancer].
We describe thyroid carcinomas observed in two male patients after cervical irradiation in infancy. In the first case, irradiation was given for cervical angioma and in the second case, for enlarged thymus. A long time interval (16 and 43 years) elapsed between irradiation and the detection of the epitheliomas. The anatomopathological diagnosis was, for the first patient, papillo-vesicular epithelioma and for the second one, anaplastic carcinoma.
Alkaloid venom of European ants in the genus Monomorium. Site of synthesis, identification and quantification.
The venom of the European Ant Monomorium is composed of five alkaloids: three 2.5 transdialkylpyrrolidines and two 2.5 transdialkylpyrrolines. The venom is synthesized by a glandular complex composed of a biramous external filamentous gland, and a single internal gland invaginated into the reservoir. External glands and the proximal two-thirds of the internal gland are composed of glandular units, with one glandular cell and one associated duct cell. Glandular cells contain numerous giant mitochondria, a well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and enigmatic rod-shaped structures. The secretory product is electron-lucent. The distal third of the internal gland is composed of 38-48 large secretory cells issuing directly into the reservoir. Their secretory product presents the same characteristics as the venom accumulated in the reservoir (opacity, affinity to stains and osmium).
Distribution of cyclosporin A between blood cells and plasma of cardiac and renal transplant recipients.
The relationship between blood cells and plasma concentrations of cyclosporin A (Cy A) determined by radioimmunoassay, was investigated in 12 heart and 12 kidney transplant recipients. The decision between a linear and nonlinear model was made according to a standardized residuals plot. We observed high blood cells-plasma concentration ratios in the two groups, indicating a high affinity of Cy A for blood cells. The distribution of Cy A between blood cells and plasma was ascribed to a nonlinear saturable model in the two groups. According to our results we have simulated the blood-plasma concentration ratio of Cy A as a function of plasma Cy A concentration and hematocrit.
Influence of blood components on the tissue uptake indices of cyclosporin in rats.
The effect of blood components on the transfer of cyclosporin into brain, salivary gland, liver and kidney was measured in rats by an an vivo double isotope, tissue-sampling single injection technique. The brain-, salivary gland- and liver extraction of [3H] cyclosporine relative to [14C]butanol were studied with an intracarotid and a portal vein injection technique; the kidney extraction of [3H]cyclosporin relative to p[14C]aminohippuric acid was measured after a rapid injection in the aorta. The injection vehicles were a Ringer's solution [Ringer-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid], rat plasma, human plasma, human red blood cells (RBC) suspension and human blood. The brain extraction (1-4%), the salivary extraction (25-74%) and the kidney extraction (8-47%) varied markedly depending on which blood components were added to the injection solution. The effect of RBC binding on tissue extraction was by far more pronounced than that of plasma protein binding. The binding of cyclosporin to RBC retards particularly the uptake of this drug by kidney. Moreover the kidney penetration of cyclosporin was confirmed by thaw-mount autoradiography after injection of the labeled drug in the aorta; the micrographs showed that the renal clearance of cyclosporin was restricted largely to the glomerular route. In contrast the hepatic extraction of [3H]cyclosporin was high (48-84%) and generally nonlimited by its binding to blood components; this could explain the high concentrations of drug observed in this tissue. In summary, cyclosporin binding to RBC and plasma proteins reduces drug uptake by brain, kidney and salivary gland, but causes little inhibition of hepatic uptake of cyclosporin.
[Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
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Sleep spindle activity changes in patients with affective disorders.
Various polysomnographic sleep patterns are associated with affective disorders, but very little is known about sleep spindle characteristics in adult depression. In primary endogenous depressive male patients (unipolar, UP, and bipolar, BP) with comparable depression scores and in normal control subjects recorded during 3 consecutive nights, no night effect was observed on the sleep variables investigated except for REM latencies of stages 1 and 2. Stage 2 duration and variables related to sleep spindle characteristics (the number and the density of spindles of 1/2 s; the number and the density of full spindles of stage 2 over the 3 nights) were significantly lower in depressed patients than in control subjects, the mean number of spindles being lower in UP than in BP patients. Sleep spindle measures were clearly negatively correlated with age in the overall group (i.e., depressed plus control subjects). They were also negatively correlated with the REM latencies of stages 1 and 2 in BP depressed patients, whereas this relation was not observed in UP patients.
Rising plasma levels of 19-nortestosterone throughout pregnancy: determination by radioimmunoassay and validation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
A highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed to measure 19-nortestosterone (NT), which allowed us to demonstrate this steroid in the plasma of pregnant women. Plasma NT was detectable throughout gestation, reaching values of 12 to 60 pg/ml in the 3rd trimester. These results were validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. No NT was detectable in the plasma of 12 normal men and 12 nonpregnant women in the mid follicular phase of their cycle (detection limit 4 pg/ml). Our results are compatible with current concepts concerning the possible involvement of 19-norsteroids in an accessory biosynthetic pathway for estrogen in the placenta.
[Surgical use of carbon fibers].
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[Non-surgical treatment of bone metastasis in the extremities].
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Thyroid function in women with breast cancer.
The thyroid function was evaluated in a study group of 226 breast cancer patients and in control groups, consisting of 125 patients with various other malignancies, 61 women with benign breast disease and 166 healthy blood donors. The mean serum concentrations of total T3 and T4 were significantly higher in the breast cancer group than in the controls. The mean TFI (thyroid function index), measured by two indirect techniques (T3RU, T4/TBG) or by direct free T4 measurement, was also significantly higher in this group of patients than in controls. Individual values of TFI exceeding the upper limit of the normal range were related with elevated total T4 levels and not with abnormal concentrations of total TBG. Eight women with breast cancer (3.5%) and one patient with head and neck cancer were clinically hyperthyroid. No case of overt hypothyroidism was observed. There was no relation between thyroid function and spread of the disease (TNM). The control groups, including patients with other-than-breast cancers, did not show any significant modification of the thyroid function tests. In the present study, breast cancer patients, as a group, show a thyroid dysfunction distinct from the non-specific abnormalities (low T3 syndrome) frequently observed in patients with a variety of acute or chronic non-thyroidal illnesses.
Dose response relationships for radiation induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro.
Chromosome aberrations have been analysed in cultured lymphocytes from a patient undergoing whole-body treatment with split doses of gamma-rays up to a cumulative dose of 1.4 Gy. The dependence on dose of the yield of dicentrics was best fitted to the linear-quadratic relationship with a linear component predominating in the low dose range (below 0.56 Gy). These observations were compared with the data obtained when blood samples were exposed in vitro to low acute doses of gamma-rays (from 0.05 up to 2.0 Gy). The frequencies of induced chromosome aberrations were similar in both cases and little deviation was found between the dose response curves (a/b ratio equal to 0.56 and 0.69 Gy, respectively in vivo and in vitro). These results confirm that in vitro calibration curves can be utilized confidently for the biological estimate of an in vivo absorbed dose.
Cyclosporin. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism.
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[Plasma binding of drugs in chronic renal failure].
As in many pathological states, changes in the plasma protein binding of drugs are observed in uremia. Renal failure reduces the fraction of many acidic drugs bound to serum albumin. This decreased binding is due to many factors: variations of protein concentrations, structural changes of proteins, competitive displacers in plasma of chronic uremic patients. When the margin between pharmacological and toxic doses is narrow, drug monitoring by measurement of plasma free drug concentrations seems necessary to adjust the dosage regimen in uremic patients.
Biotransformation and distribution in blood of cyclosporine and its metabolites.
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Malignant lymphoma of the small bowel associated with diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia.
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[Glucagonoma syndrome].
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[An unrecognized cause of spinal pain : meningoradiculitis. Apropos of 3 cases with predominant spinal pain].
Meningoradiculitis can present as a very short episode of radicular pain in addition to vertebral column pain without stiffness, as described in these three cases. The diagnosis requires examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, which should be a routine part of the diagnostic work up for back pain when an inflammatory etiology can not be identified.