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Biomedical subjects

M Leppänen

Publications and source records attributed to M Leppänen.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Results of ophthalmologic screening examinations of German Pinschers in Finland--a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively review ophthalmologic findings in German Pinschers in Finland. ANIMALS STUDIED: One hundred and twenty-two German Pinschers that had ophthalmologic examination performed according to the Finnish Kennel Club's Eye Scheme before June 15, 1999. PROCEDURES: A total of 154 eye examination reports of 122 dogs were analysed and all described findings were reported. RESULTS: Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis (PHTVL) was diagnosed in 8.4% of all cases, and hereditary cataract (HC) in 6.5%. Even higher numbers of similar changes were reported by ophthalmologists; some of the dogs, however, were officially diagnosed as "free of symptoms" of inherited ocular diseases. A relatively high number (4.5%) of dogs had reported changes in Y sutures. A pedigree analysis suggests recessive inheritance for both diseases. Because of missing information about many dogs in the pedigree, an autosomal incomplete inheritance pattern cannot be ruled out in either case. CONCLUSIONS: Both HC and PHTVL are inherited diseases in German Pinschers. Further studies are needed to determine the importance of the changes found in Y sutures. Discrepancies between the official diagnosis and described changes are probably partially due to the lack of familiarity with the published literature concerning this breed. Further studies are needed to ascertain the inheritance pattern for both diseases. So far breeding with affected animals should be avoided.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Percutaneous transcatheter renal embolization with absolute ethanol for uncontrolled nephrotic syndrome. Case reports.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate renal ethanol embolization in 2 patients with uncontrolled nephrotic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three kidneys in 2 patients with uncontrolled nephrotic syndrome were embolized with absolute ethanol. The embolization technique, patient outcome and complications were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The treatment was successful in both patients, with angiography-verified exclusion of blood flow to the renal arteries. Elimination of proteinuria was achieved in both patients and their body weight decreased by 25 and 10 kg, respectively. Hospitalization and protein substitution were no longer needed. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Permanent bilateral ethanol embolization of the renal arteries is a feasible method of managing a treatment-resistant nephrotic syndrome in selected patients. Non-target embolization can be avoided by using a balloon occlusion catheter.

Angiography↗
PubMed2000

Attitudes of Finnish dog-owners about programs to control canine genetic diseases.

A mailed questionnaire survey was done to study dog-owners' knowledge of canine inherited diseases and the present screening and control programs in Finland, as well as to study the importance of health-related matters and well-being to dog-owners. The purpose was also to study the owners' role in programs and the influence of health and well-being in their decision-making process and choices when purchasing a puppy. This study showed that dog-owners highly valued health-related matters and well-being. The present programs were considered to have a positive effect on the prevention of canine inherited diseases. Dog-owners estimated that their own knowledge could be better but they believed in veterinarians' and dog-breeders' ability to inform them. Inherited skeletal and ocular diseases were thought to be important to canine well-being; the importance of other diseases or behaviour problems was assessed to be lower. In choosing a suitable breed, behaviour and temperament were the most-important factors but health-related matters were essential in actually choosing a puppy's breeder and the litter. Well-being and health were also considered very important to the image of the dog hobby.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Attitudes of Finnish dog-breeders about programs to control canine genetic diseases.

A questionnaire was mailed to 320 Finnish dog-breeders to study breeders' knowledge of canine inherited diseases and of the present screening and control programs in Finland. The purpose was also to study the breeders' attitudes about and compliance with such programs. Breeders estimated that their knowledge was quite good, and they also believed in their ability to influence other groups and to promote the programs. The present programs were considered to have a positive effect on the prevention of canine inherited diseases, but information given to breeders and other key groups could produce even better results. Inherited skeletal and ocular diseases were thought to be important to canine well-being; the importance of other diseases was assessed to be lower.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Factors affecting hip dysplasia in German shepherd dogs in Finland: efficacy of the current improvement programme.

Hip dysplasia records from 10,335 German shepherd dogs were used to estimate environmental effects and predict breeding values and genetic change achieved with the Finnish Kennel Club's breeding programme. The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure was used for the analysis. No clear genetic improvement could be found during the study period (1985 to 1997). This might be due to ineffective selection for good hips. Significant environmental effects included year and month of birth, panellist, screening age and the effect of the genetic group of offspring from imported versus non-imported sires. In order to make the breeding programme more effective, BLUP breeding values should be used instead of phenotypic selection.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1999

Controlling canine hip dysplasia in Finland.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the Finnish Kennel Club's hip-dysplasia screening and control programs. As a retrospective study, records of hip-dysplasia screening of 69,349 dogs in 22 breeds that were born in 1988-1995 were analyzed and compared to data from prior to 1988. In most breeds, no significant changes in dysplasia prevalence could be found. In English cocker spaniels, golden and Labrador retrievers and Rottweilers a significant decrease - but in boxers, Dobermans, German Shepherd dogs and rough collies a significant increase - in prevalence was detected. In flat-coated retrievers overall prevalence increased - but the prevalence of severe hip-dysplasia decreased significantly during the study period. The present control program has not resulted in fast progress. Selecting against hip-dysplasia cannot be expected to be very effective, when based only on mass selection on phenotypic observations. Predicted breeding values based on progeny testing would probably give better results. Also, breeders' compliance and commitment to programs is not always high and other selection criteria in breeding are thought to be more important. Modern society has high demands for animal welfare and consumer issues, and breeders and kennel societies should pay more attention to health issues in breeding pedigreed dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Attitudes of Finnish veterinarians about programs to control canine genetic diseases.

A mailed questionnaire survey was performed amongst the members of the Finnish Veterinary Association in order to study veterinarians' knowledge of canine inherited diseases and the present screening and control programs in Finland. The purpose was also to study the veterinarians' attitudes about and compliance with such programs. Veterinarians estimated that their knowledge is quite poor--but they believed in their ability to influence other groups and to promote the programs. The present programs were considered to have a positive effect on the prevention of canine inherited diseases--but information directed to veterinarians and other key groups could give even better results. Inherited skeletal diseases were thought to be important to canine well-being; the importance of inherited ocular diseases was assessed to be lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Primary nursing in day case surgery].

This article deals with primary nursing in day case surgery. Primary nursing is considered through the following concepts: accountability, independence, coordination, comprehensiveness and continuity of care. Day case surgery nursing is planned and implemented according to the patients perspective.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of Lake Ladoga sediments. I. Toxicity to Chironomus riparius and Daphnia magna.

Toxicity of surficial sediment of Lake Ladoga, Russia, was studied using bioassays with a midge, Chironomus riparius and Daphnia magna. Many Lake Ladoga sediments caused high mortality of midge larvae in 10-d growth and 40-d emergence tests. In most sediments the biomass production of chironomids was also lowered. However, no statistically significant effect on timing of emergence was observed. Sediment elutriate or pore water tests did not exhibit toxicity to Daphnia magna. The adverse effects observed in midge bioassays indicate the presence of toxic chemicals. It cannot be excluded, however, that the variable sediment physico-chemical characteristics could also have had some effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Splenic abscess. Imaging and intervention.

We reviewed the imaging findings of 14 splenic abscesses in 13 patients. All patients underwent chest radiography, 12 ultrasonography (US), 9 CT, 4 plain abdominal radiography, 2 99mTc-HMPAO leukocyte scan and 2 99mTc-HIG scan. Three patients were treated with percutaneous catheter drainage, and 5 with diagnostic or therapeutic fine-needle aspiration (FNA). At US the abscess was hypoechoic (n = 9), anechoic (n = 2), or anechoic with gas-bubbles (n = 1), or the entire spleen was inhomogeneous with gas-bubbles (n = 1). At CT the abscesses appeared as low density (18-30 HU) lesions with (n = 2) or without (n = 7) gas. In 2 cases 99mTc-HMPAO leukocyte scan, and in one case 99mTc-HIG scan showed an intrasplenic defect, and in one case 99mTc-HIG scan was considered normal. At plain abdominal radiography extraintestinal gas was suggested in 2 patients, and the findings were normal in 2. US-guided FNA confirmed infectious etiology of the lesion in 4 patients, and a necrotic specimen suggested infection in one. One patient was cured with repeated aspirations. Catheter drainage was successful in all 3 patients who underwent the procedure. We conclude that US and CT are accurate in detecting splenic abscesses. Our results in splenic interventions advocate wider use of the procedures.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

Ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy of anterior mediastinal masses.

Five anterior mediastinal tumors were biopsied with a fine needle under ultrasound guidance. All the tumors were solid, hypoechoic, perivascularly situated masses. Their mean diameter was 7.2 cm. Cytologically there were 2 mediastinal metastatic carcinomas, 1 poorly differentiated carcinoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 germ-cell tumor (embryonal cell carcinoma), and 1 malignant lymphoma or thymoma. There were no complications. Ultrasound-guided anterior mediastinal aspiration biopsy is a safe and rapid procedure in the evaluation of anterior mediastinal masses. Biopsy of a mediastinal mass enables simultaneous diagnosis and staging. Mediastinoscopy and diagnostic thoracotomy can be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The subrenal capsule assay in mice. Prediction of rat tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy.

The predictive value of the subrenal capsule (SRC) assay for cancer chemotherapy was tested in five rat tumors. Tumor-bearing rats were used as controls. In order to simulate clinical chemotherapy, different dose regimens and drug combinations were used. All five tumors were evaluable in in the SRC assay. Taking into account cytotoxic drugs, 86% compatibility was obtained between the SRC assay and the rat model. Antitumor effect of three antiestrogenic compounds could not be predicted by the SRC assay. It is concluded that the SRC assay can be expected to have predictive value in the assessment of tumor sensitivity to single and combination chemotherapy based on experimental animal models.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of alpha and gamma interferons and cytostatics on ovarian cancer in the subrenal capsule assay.

Ovarian cancers from seven patients were grown in the subrenal capsule assay for 6 days in normal mice and for 12 days in nude mice. Groups of 5 mice received the following daily treatments: 1) saline 2) 6 x 10(5)IU of human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) 3) 3 x 10(3)U of human IFN-gamma 4) 6 x 10(5)IU of IFN-alpha and 3 x 10(3)U of IFN-gamma 5) cytostatic drug combination (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, cis-platinum). The cytostatic drug combination had stronger antitumor activity than the interferons. The combination of alpha and gamma interferons was more effective than either interferons alone. The same trend was seen both in normal and nude mice.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcatheter embolization of intractable idiopathic epistaxis.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of microcatheter embolization in the treatment of intractable idiopathic epistaxis. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients underwent microcatheter embolization in 1991-1998. We evaluated retrospectively the technical and clinical outcome, the number of complications, the duration of embolization in each case, and the number of blood transfusions needed. All embolizations were done with biplane digital subtraction angiography (DSA) equipment. The procedure was carried out under local anesthesia using transfemoral catheterization, except in one case where the translumbar route was used. Tracker 18 or 10 microcatheters were advanced as far as possible to the distal branches of the sphenopalatine artery. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles were used for embolization in most cases, while platinum coils or a combination of these two materials were occasionally used. The primary outcome was always assessed immediately by angiography. Follow-up data were obtained from patient records, by interviewing patients on the telephone or by postal questionnaires when necessary. The mean follow-up time was 21 months. RESULTS: The embolization was technically successful in all 37 cases. A curative outcome was achieved in 33 cases (89%). The mean duration of the procedure was 110 min. Four patients (8%) had mild transient complications, but no severe or persistent complications were encountered. Twenty-three patients needed a blood transfusion. Slight rebleeding occurred in three patients during the follow-up; all responded to conservative treatment. One patient suffered two episodes of rebleeding within 2 months after primary embolization. Re-embolizations successfully stopped the bleeding. CONCLUSION: Embolization is the primary invasive modality for treating intractable idiopathic epistaxis. It proved both safe and effective over a relatively long follow-up.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗