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Biomedical subjects

M Levin

Publications and source records attributed to M Levin.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Goodpasture's syndrome: treatment with plasmapheresis, immunosuppression, and anticoagulation.

We report 3 children with Goodpasture's syndrome. In 2 children the diagnosis was delayed, treatment began late, and they did not recover renal function. In the third child early diagnosis and intensive treatment with plasmapheresis, immunosuppression, and anticoagulation resulted in an initial return of renal function after a prolonged period of anuria. In this child, however, although there was no evidence of disease activity, further deterioration of renal function subsequently occurred.

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease↗
PubMed1983

Inhibitor of prostacyclin production in sporadic haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

Prostacyclin (PGI2) production was diminished when rat aortic rings were incubated with plasma from 5 of 6 patients with the sporadic form of haemolytic uraemic syndrome but was normal in the presence of plasma from 7 patients with the epidemic form of haemolytic uraemic syndrome or from patients with other renal diseases. The reduced PGI2 production was caused by an unstable inhibitor, extractable into polar lipid solvents, in sporadic haemolytic uraemic plasma. These results suggest that there may be at least 2 different pathogenetic mechanisms in epidemic and sporadic haemolytic uraemic syndrome and that the reduced PGI2 production observed in the sporadic type is due to an inhibitor of PGI2 production rather than a deficiency of stimulating factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pneumocystis pneumonia: importance of gallium scan for early diagnosis and description of a new immunoperoxidase technique to demonstrate Pneumocystis carinii.

Pneumocystis pneumonia presented in a homosexual with fever, a normal chest radiograph, and pulmonary gallium uptake. Bronchial washings yielded Mycobaterium tuberculosis, but despite antituberculosis therapy he remained febrile, and gallium uptake in the lung increased. Subsequently, silver stain of transbronchial lung biopsy obtained 2 months earlier at the time that tuberculosis was diagnosed showed many Pneumocystis cysts in alveolar spaces. In contrast to Pneumocystis cysts in infected lung tissue from other humans, our patient's Pneumocystis cysts reacted more avidly with antiserum to rat Pneumocystis than with antiserum to human pneumocystis, raising the possibility that organisms that infect humans may have varied surface antigenic properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Repeated femoral vein cannulation for administration of chemotherapeutic agents.

A cannulation set has been designed for repeated short-term infusion of vesicant chemotherapeutic agents via the femoral vein. The major complication was thrombophlebitis in 2.1% of infusions. The procedure provides reliable venous access when therapeutic plans are changed or when the inability to provide catheter care makes an indwelling catheter unwarranted.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1983

Relationship of adriamycin concentrations to the DNA lesions induced in hypoxic and euoxic L1210 cells.

Exponentially growing L1210 mouse leukemia cells were incubated with Adriamycin (ADR) under hypoxic (95% N2:5% CO2) or euoxic conditions (95% air:5% CO2) for 1 hr at 37 degrees at a drug concentration ranging from 2.8 X 10(-8) to 2.8 X 10(-4) M, i.e., from levels attained clinically by bolus delivery to the high levels used as an i.p. drug dwell or experimentally, in in vitro conditions. High-pressure liquid chromatography analyses showed diminishing efficiency in drug uptake by the cells as the dose was increased. There were no significant differences between hypoxic and euoxic cells in drug uptake and metabolism. The frequency of DNA protein-associated single-strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links per 10(6) nucleotides, detected by the alkaline elution technique, increased with the dose in the range of 2.8 X 10(-8) to 2.8 X 10(-6) M in both euoxic and hypoxic cells and declined thereafter. However, the number of DNA lesions relative to a normalized drug level declined steadily, starting with the 2.8 X 10(-7) M concentration. Concentrations greater than 2.8 X 10(-6) M of ADR induced still another type of lesion, direct DNA strand breaks, only in euoxic cells. The results indicate that a common mechanism of interaction between drug and DNA is present in hypoxic and in euoxic cells at low ADR, while an O2-dependent mechanism becomes operational in euoxic cells at high ADR levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Phase I clinical trial of 9,10-anthracene dicarboxaldehyde (Bisantrene) administered in a five-day schedule.

Bisantrene is a substituted anthracene derivative which preclinically demonstrated a spectrum of activity similar to that of doxorubicin but without associated cardiotoxicity. A Phase I evaluation of the drug has been performed using daily i.v. administrations for 5 days. Sixty courses of treatment were administered to 23 patients at doses from 2.5 to 90 mg/sq m/day. Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals. Dose-limiting toxicities were leukopenia and local cutaneous reactions. The leukopenia was dose related, noncumulative, and of brief duration. Local reactions occurred in 14 of 37 courses administered at doses greater than 60 mg/sq m and in 13 patients resulted in clinical cellulitis of the infused extremity. Gastrointestinal side effects were mild. No alopecia or cardiotoxicity was observed. Two mixed responses were obtained in patients with hypernephromas. Using a daily schedule for 5 days, approximately 40% more drug can be delivered per course than by single-day i.v. administration. However, with this schedule, local cutaneous reactions may prove additionally dose limiting. Phase II studies of Bisantrene in a daily i.v. schedule for 5 days are planned at a dose of 80 mg/sq m/day to be repeated every 4 weeks.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed1981

Alcohol use and psychiatric illness in emergency patients.

Screening for alcoholism and associated psychiatric disorders using preselected research criteria demonstrated an overall prevalence of alcoholism of 20% in 200 emergency department patients. The nighttime prevalence of alcoholism was 29%, while the daytime prevalence was 11%. The psychiatric disorders most frequently associated with alcoholism were primary affective disorder (depression) and antisocial personality. The alcoholics had chief complaints relating to trauma in 63% of the cases, vague neuropsychiatric complaints in 23% of the cases, and complaints directly related to alcohol in 8% of the cases. Screening for alcoholism and associated psychiatric illnesses is important in determining an overall treatment strategy for emergency patients.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1981

Adriamycin damage: in vivo repair by lymphoma cells.

The in vivo repair of ADR-induced cell damage was investigated in the DBA3 transplantable mouse lymphoma. After a single injection of 5 or 15 mg ADR/kg body weight into DBA/2J mice, the survival fraction of clonogens showed a 2.2- to 4.4-fold decrease at 12 or 18 hours post injection and returned to pretreatment levels within 6 hours. These changes were accompanied by the appearance and disappearance of DNA crosslinks and breaks. Because cell division and/or cell loss could not explain the return of clonogens to pretreatment level, the results strongly suggest repair of ADR damage in tumor cells in situ. Such an efficient repair mechanism, responding to a high toxic dose of ADR, constitutes a therapeutically unfavorable event that may contribute to drug resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Protein-associated DNA breaks and DNA-protein cross-links caused by DNA nonbinding derivatives of adriamycin in L1210 cells.

The effects of Adriamycin derivatives on L1210 mouse leukemia cells were studied with the DNA alkaline elution assay. The exposure of exponentially growing cells to approximately equitoxic concentrations of N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (13.8 microM) and its metabolites, N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin (9.0 microM) and N-trifluoroacetyladriamycinol (43.7 microM), for 1 hr in vitro resulted in a high frequency of protein-associated DNA breaks and DNA-protein cross-links. These effects were comparable to those observed with Adriamycin (2.8 microM) and with adriamycinol (26.9 microM). In contrast to Adriamycin and its metabolite adriamycinol, N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate and its two major metabolites do not bind to DNA. Despite the absence of this direct interaction, N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate and its metabolites produce alterations in DNA comparable with the effects of intercalating agents. No evidence for conversion of N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate to Adriamycin or adriamycinol was found in L1210 cells. The similar effects on DNA macromolecules, observed between intercalating and non-DNA-binding anthracyclines, are consistent with the concept that mechanisms other than direct interaction with DNA play a role in the toxic effects of these compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Primary lymphoma of the liver.

We report here the case of a man who presented with nonspecific clinical symptoms and was found to have abnormal liver function tests and large filling defects on liver scan. At autopsy, a primary histiocytic lymphoma of the liver was found. The liver is frequently involved secondarily by lymphoma; primary hepatic lymphoma however however is rare, only five cases haveing been previously reported.

Aged↗