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Biomedical subjects

M Liebowitz

Publications and source records attributed to M Liebowitz.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Vulnerability to sodium lactate in panic disorder patients given cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Six patients with panic disorder who had panicked during sodium lactate infusion were given cognitive-behavioral treatment for 12-24 weeks. After treatment they underwent another lactate infusion, and four patients were rates as having no panic, suggesting that reduced vulnerability to lactate accompanies remission of panic. Controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy and use of lactate infusion as a measure of remission are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Endogenous event-related potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate central nervous system (CNS) correlates of cognitive function in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). ERPs of 10 unmedicated OCD patients and 10 normal controls were measured in an auditory "oddball" task. Increasing task difficulty resulted in longer N200 and P300 latencies in normal subjects, but not in OCD patients. Moreover, OCD patients displayed shorter P300 latency than normal controls for the more difficult discrimination conditions. This replicates prior findings of Beech et al. (1983) for a visual task. For both levels of task difficulty, OCD patients also showed greater negativity than normal controls in the N200 region, which extended into the subsequent slow wave region. Negativities in the N200 and slow wave regions were larger at sites over the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere. The enhanced negativities and reduced P300 latency in OCD patients are discussed in terms of current theories postulating cortical hyperarousal and left hemisphere involvement in OCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Defining the boundaries of atypical depression.

Psychopharacologist have had a longstanding interest in identifying a depressive subtype which selectively benefits from monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A superior rate of improvement with MAOI treatment might help delineate a depressive subgroup with pathophysiology different from other depressive syndromes. Research is described which indicates that patients with reactivity of mood, as well as two of four associated features (hypersomnia, overeating, lethargy, and rejection sensitivity), may have a preferential response to phenelzine as compared with imipramine or placebo. Preliminary data are presented to suggest that patients with reactive mood and only one associated feature may have a preferential response rate to phenelzine compared to imipramine and placebo. Data on patients with reactive mood but no associated features are insufficient at this point to draw any conclusions.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Efficacy of desipramine in endogenomorphically depressed patients.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that there are 2 biochemical subgroups of 'endogenously' depressed patients--serotonin-deficient and noradrenalin-deficient groups--which respond differently to antidepressants depending on relative blockade of serotonin vs. norepinephrine (NE) reuptake. Patients with pervasive anhedonia and autonomy of depressed mood (endogenomorphic depressives) were treated first with the noradrenergic agent desipramine (DMI), then, if still depressed, such patients were randomized double-blind to continued DMI or clomipramine (CMI), a primarily serotonergic agent. Of 34 such endogenomorphically depressed patients 2 responded during a placebo period and 5 dropped out. Of 27 patients completing at least 4 weeks of DMI (mean maximum daily dose 283 mg, range 100-400 mg/d), 23 (85.2%) responded. With only 4 nonresponders, the second, or CMI, part of the study had to be abandoned. Since DMI strongly blocks neuronal reuptake of catecholamines with little effect on serotonin reuptake, these results suggest that endogenomorphic depressives may have a relatively homogeneous catecholamine deficiency. Alternatively, DMI may exert its effect by a mechanism other than blockade of EN reuptake. Eleven of the endogenomorphically depressed patients also met Research Diagnostic Criteria for situational depression (reactive). Ten of these 11 responded to DMI suggesting that presence or absence of a precipitant may be irrelevant in predicting response to tricyclic antidepressants in endogenomorphic depressions. Mean blood levels drawn at equivalent DMI dose were 238 ng/ml (range, 48-712) for responders, and 352 ng/ml (range, 160-877) for non-responders, indicating that patients appear to respond to DMI across a wide range of blood levels and suggesting the absence of a narrow therapeutic window.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1977

Nutritional influences of pellagra on sebum composition.

Sebum composition has been measured in 51 patients with varying degrees of pellagra and compared with a control group of subjects in the same geographic area. In the pellagra group the wax ester percentage was 14-9 versus the normal of 21-9%. The squalene percentage was increased in the pellagra group (11-6%) versus a control value of 8-4%. A small increase in the percentage of cholesterol was also noted. These changes, which previously have been observed in starved but otherwise normal subjects, were reversible with adequate refeeding.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["Nervous breakdown": a diagnostic characterization study].

An evaluation was made of the influence of different psychiatric co-morbidities on the symptoms of the disorder popularly known as "ataque de nervios" (nervous breakdown) among the US Hispanic population. Using a self-completed instrument designed specially for both traditional nervous breakdown and for panic symptoms, and structured or semi-structured psychiatric interviews for Axis I disorders, and evaluation was made of Hispanic subjects who sought treatment for anxiety in a clinic (n = 156). This study centered on 102 subjects who presented symptoms of "nervous breakdown" and comorbidity with panic disorder, other anxiety disorders, or affective disorder. Variations in co-morbidity with "nervous breakdown" enabled the identification of different patterns of "nervous breakdown" presenting symptoms. Individuals with "nervous breakdown" and panic disorder characteristically expressed a greater sense of asphyxiation, fear of dying, and growing fear (panic-like) during their breakdowns. Subjects with "nervous breakdown" and affective disorder had a greater sensation of anger and more tendency toward screaming and aggressive behavior such as breaking things during the breakdown (emotional anger). Finally, subjects with "nervous breakdown" and co-morbidity with another anxiety disorder had fewer "paniclike" or "emotional anger" symptoms. These findings suggest that: a) the widely used term "nervous breakdown" is a popular label for different patterns of loss of emotional control; b) the type of loss of emotional control is influenced by the associated psychiatric disorder; and c) the symptoms characteristics of the "nervous breakdown" can be useful clinical markers for associated psychiatric disorders. Future research is needed to determine whether the known Hispanic entity "ataque de nervios" is simply a popular description for different aspects of well-known psychiatric disorders, or if it reflects specific demographic, environmental, personality and/or clinical characteristics of the population.

Adult↗