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Biomedical subjects

M Liska

Publications and source records attributed to M Liska.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Monitoring of the heavy-metal hyperaccumulation in vegetal tissues by X-ray radiography and by femto-second laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.

This article reports on the utilization of X-ray microradiography and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) techniques for investigation of the metal accumulation in different part of leaf samples. The potential of the LIBS-analysis for finding the proper plant species for phytoremediation is compared with the results of microradiography measurements at the HERCULES source at ENEA, Rome (Italy) and X-ray microradiography experiments at the ELETTRA Synchrotron, Trieste (Italy).

Cadmium↗
PubMed2000

Clinical application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to the analysis of teeth and dental materials.

OBJECTIVES: The luminous plasma generated during laser ablation of dental tissue and dental materials has been analyzed to determine qualitative and quantitative elemental composition. BACKGROUND DATA: The use of pulsed lasers for controlled material ablation now is frequently suggested as an alternative to mechanical drilling for the removal of caries and in tooth modification. Spectral analysis of the ablated plasma can be exploited to monitor precisely the laser drilling process in vivo and in real time. METHODS: Teeth samples and dental materials were ablated using pulses from a Nd:YAG laser. The line positions and intensities in the spectra, recorded in real time, were used to identify elements and to determine their relative concentrations. RESULTS: From the spectra of horizontally and vertically cut tooth slices, profiles of elemental distribution were determined; these were used in a range of monitoring applications. We showed that the transition from caries to healthy tooth material could be identified through the decrease in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, whereas nonmineralizing elements and organic materials increased in concentration. We also could relate the spatial distribution of elements to their migration or accumulation over time, for example, the migration of aluminium (Al) from dental restorative materials to the tooth matrix. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma existing during laser ablation (in vitro/in vivo) can be analyzed spectrally in real time. From the spectra, one can pinpoint high/low levels of element concentrations within the tooth matrix. Thus, this analysis could be used to monitor the ablation of material during laser dental treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A program for prevention of pseudomonas infections and immunoprophylaxis with PSAEVA vaccine].

The authors present three main trends of prevention of Gram-negative opportunistic infections investigated at the Cardiosurgical Clinic of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. An important part is played by active and systematic surveillance with early signalling and analysis of new infections with subsequent aimed interventions against concrete sources of infection and mechanisms of transmission. It is necessary to think more of activation of endogenous infection the specific features of which make repression difficult and motivate investigations of preventive approaches. Rational antibiotic policy has so far not appreciated the danger of selection of endogenous and exogenous agents in standard situations where antibiotic therapy lacks an aimed and restrained approach. Immunoprophylaxis with the PSAEVA vaccine in the first preliminary controlled clinical investigation was characterized by the absence of nosocomial epidemics and septicaemia and a significant (fivefold) reduction of the incidence of non-pyocyanic Gram-negative bacteriaemia. The success of vaccination seems to be related to the anti-colonization and anti-invasive mechanism of specific and unspecific nature.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1990

[Trimethoprim VUFB in the therapy of urinary infections].

Twenty women with asymptomatic significant bacteriuria took Trimethoprim (TMP) VUFB, 2 X 200 mg, for eight days. Twelve had morphological changes of the urinary pathways confirmed by intravenous pyelography. The test for the presence of bacteria with an antibody film in the urinary sediment suggested that the infection was in the upper urinary pathways in eight of the women. Immediately after termination of treatment the urine was negative in 16 women (80%), after another three weeks the negative finding persisted in the urine of nine women (45%). In one patient treatment was discontinued after five days on account of dyspeptic complaints, the remaining patients tolerated the drug well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of cytomegalovirus antigen on skin allograft survival in rabbits.

In experiments on rabbits it was found that the subcutaneous injection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen into the draining lymphatic area of the skin allograft caused a decrease in graft survival. The difference of experimental versus control grafts was statistically significant. The finding supports some clinical data regarding the increased incidence of rejection episodes during CMV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of active and passive antibacterial immunization on skin allograft survival in rabbits.

The effect of active and passive antibacterial immunization on transplantation immunity was investigated in rabbits. Immunization with dead bacterial vaccines prepared from E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudmonas aeruginosa had no effect on skin allograft survival, whereas immunization with vaccines prepared from streptococcal and staphylococcal strains shortened allograft survival. Similar results were obtained with specific antisera against individual microbial species. Skin allografts survived in rabbits treated with antisera against E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the same manner as in untreated controls, whereas allograft survival was shortened with antisera against streptococci or staphylococci. The possible mechanism of the stimulatory effect of Gram-positive cocci on transplantation immunity is discussed and the possibilities of using active and passive antibacterial immunication in clinical transplantation are considered.

Animals↗