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Biomedical subjects

M Lorr

Publications and source records attributed to M Lorr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The Interpersonal Style Inventory and the five-factor model.

The study examined relations between the 15 scale scores of the Interpersonal Style Inventory (Lorr & Youniss, 1985) and the domain measures of the five-factor model provided by the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985). A sample of 236 college students were administered both inventories. A principal component analysis of the 5 NEO-PI domain scores and the 15 ISI scale scores followed by a Varimax rotation disclosed the expected five higher-order factors. Four factors, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Ageeableness, were defined by both NEO and ISI scales. Openness to Experience, however, was represented in the ISI by Independence and Directiveness, which define its Autonomy dimension. Thus, the ISI measures four of the five factors assessed by the NEO-PI.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An MCMI-II item-level component analysis: personality and clinical factors.

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Version 2 (MCMI-II) was released to replace the MCMI-I. Research into the factor structure of the items of the MCMI-I showed components consistent with the underlying construction theory. No such work has been done with the new MCMI-II. For this study, we analyzed the personality disorder and clinical syndrome items across two subject samples. For 579 Veterans Administration patients and 492 normal college students, six personality factors were identified. The samples shared Hostility, Histrionic/Schizoid, Dependent, Compulsive, and a Sadistic variant. For the clinical syndrome items, eight factors were isolated for veterans and seven for normals. Depression, Alcohol Abuse, Drug Abuse, Crying, and Mania were shared factors. Most of the factors were found to be highly consistent with MCMI-II scale keyings.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An inventory of social skills.

A social skills inventory of 128 true-false items was constructed to assess eight hypothesized bipolar dimensions. In a series of principal component analyses, seven of the constructs plus an added concept were isolated in both college and high school men and women. Some of the factors isolated were Social Assertiveness, Directiveness, Defense of Rights, Confidence, and Empathy. Two higher order factors-Social Skill and Empathy-were also identified in several samples. Validity studies revealed strong commonalities with Riggio's (1986) Social Skills Inventory, the Horowitz Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, the Watson and Friend (1969) Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, and a set of self-ratings. These findings suggest that the Social Relations Survey (SRS) is a useful device for clinical and research application to problems involving social skills.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Profile clusters of the MCMI-II personality disorder scales.

An analysis was conducted to identify the major personality disorder score profiles to be found in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II. Application of Ward's agglomerative hierarchical procedure to two subsamples of psychiatric patients (n = 83 for each) yielded four replicated subgroups. A subsequent K-means nonhierarchical approach confirmed four of the Ward clusters. Three subgroups can be characterized as (a) Antisocial, Aggressive (Sadistic), and Passive-Aggressive; (b) Avoidant, Schizoid, and Self-Defeating, and (c) Schizoid, Dependent, and Compulsive. A fourth sizable group is comprised of patients with flat profiles.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Personality and symptom dimensions of the MCMI-II: an item factor analysis.

The self-reports of a sample of 248 male psychiatric patients on the MCMI-II (Millon, 1987) were factor analyzed at the item level. Principal components analyses with both Varimax and Direct Oblimin rotations were carried out separately on 120 personality disorder items and 51 clinical symptom items. As judged by the scree test, seven factors accounted for the personality disorder items, and five factors accounted for the symptom items. The personality disorder factors were interpreted as Schizotypal, Social Introversion vs. Extraversion, Conformity, Submissive vs. Aggressive, Antisocial, Narcissism, and Hostile Aggression. The symptom factors were hypothesized to represent Depression/Anxiety, Alcohol Dependence, Suicidal Ideation, Hypomania, and Drug Dependence. Agreement with a similar analysis of the MCMI-I was close.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Mood changes in substance abuse patients as a result of therapy.

A sample of 57 substance abuse patients who were participating in a broad residential treatment program were evaluated for changes in negative affect. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was administered once a week for 4 weeks. The 4-week changes on five of the six mood scales were significantly positive after treatment. The Interpersonal Style Inventory (ISI), completed at the beginning of the program, provided a mean scale score profile. Stylistically, patients were low in interpersonal involvement and distinctly below average in level of socialization (expedient, cynical, and hostile). In addition, patients could be characterized as anxious and dysphoric, impulsive, and dependent as judged by the norm sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Item factor structure of the Personality Adjective Check List.

This study reports on a principal-components analysis of the Personality Adjective Check List (PACL) at the item level. Data came from a national sample of normal adults and included the responses of 1,058 men and 1,194 women (N = 2,252). Analyses were conducted separately for men and women, and for the sexes combined. The scree test was applied to decide on the number of factors to extract. Retained factors were rotated by varimax and direct oblimin procedures. Results were very similar for each analysis, with coefficients of congruence for the five orthogonal factors obtained from men and women separately being .95, .92, .94, .94, and .92. The five unipolar personality dimensions isolated were interpreted as Aggressive/Dominant, Neurotic, Conscientious, Detached/Introverted, and Surgent/Extraverted. These were compared to item factors of the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-I), MCMI-II, Adjective Check List (ACL), and to Norman's Big Five dimensions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

MCMI-II scoring: weighted and unweighted algorithms.

This brief report examines the relationship between the scale scores derived through weighted and unweighted item scoring on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II). The inventories of 356 subjects across three samples were scored using weighted and unweighted algorithms. Correlations between the weighted and unweighted MCMI-II scales were found to approach unity. This casts doubt on whether the weighting system has substantial effect on the profiles that are generated or on reducing interscale correlations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An analysis of the MCMI-I at the item level.

The study reports on principal component analyses of the MCMI-1 at the item level. The 175 items of the MCMI were separated for analysis into 100 descriptive of personality and 75 that represent clinical symptoms. The data analyzed came from a sample of 253 psychiatric outpatients and a sample of 185 inpatient alcoholics. The scree test was applied to decide on the number of factors to retain. The factors retained in the four analyses were rotated by the Varimax and Direct Oblimin procedures. The results were similar across the two samples. The six personality dimensions isolated were interpreted as Social Introversion-Extraversion, Dependency on Others, Verbal Hostility, Need to Please Others, Self-Dramatization, and Orderliness. These have some resemblance to Millon's eight personality styles. Four of the five symptom factors were similar to Millon's clinical symptom scales. In addition to a very large Depression factor, there were factors of Manic Excitement, Drug Abuse, Alcoholic Misuse, and Suicidal Ideation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A semantic differential mood scale.

A set of bipolar semantic differential type adjective scales were constructed to assess five mood states. The response format chosen serves to control for response bias, reduces the number of items by half, and measures both positive and negative affect. Each of the six bipolar mood states hypothesized was defined by seven five-point items. Two studies were conducted on samples of high school boys (N = 210); both confirmed the presence of five mood factors: Cheerful-Depressed, Energetic-Tired, Good natured-Grouchy, Confident-Unsure, and Relaxed-Anxious. The mood state factors isolated were compared with the scales in the Eight State Questionnaire and Bipolar POMS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Self-esteem and negative affect.

It was hypothesized that the Profile of Mood States (bipolar form) measures two higher-order dimensions: Positive and Negative Affect. It also was conjectured that subjects low in self-esteem report more Negative Affect than those high in self-esteem. POMS and the Self-Attitude Inventory were administered to 102 high school students. A principal component analysis of the 12 half-scale scores of POMS isolated the two affect dimensions postulated. Tests also showed that subjects low in Confidence report significantly greater Negative Affect than subjects high in Confidence. Thus, the Watson-Tellegen theory of affect is supported, and Negative Affect is linked to self-esteem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The place of self-esteem in interpersonal behavior.

Two measures of self-esteem (Confidence and Perceived Social Approval) were administered with the short form of the Interpersonal Style Inventory to 75 male high school students. The purpose was to determine the place of self-esteem in the domain of interpersonal behavior. A principal components analysis of the intercorrelations among the 17 scale scores disclosed six factors. After an oblique rotation (Promax) the factors were interpreted as higher-order dimensions of Impulse Control, Level of Socialization, Interpersonal Involvement, and Autonomy. Confidence and Popularity emerged as two separate factors; the first was seen as a broad dimension of self-confident, rule-free stability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Higher-order factors assessed by the ISI and PRF.

The Interpersonal Style Inventory and the Personality Research Form were administered to 327 adolescents in order to test hypotheses with regard to the second-order factors that they share in common. The 37 scale scores were intercorrelated and factored by the principal axes method and rotated to an oblique solution. The seven correlated factors were interpreted as Impulse Control, Extraversion-Introversion, Autonomy, Level of Socialization, Achievement Motivation, Liking New Experience, and Adventure Seeking. These confirmed four of the hypothesized factors.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

Profile patterns in the 16PF questionnaire.

The study goal was to identify the main clusters of 16PF score profiles to be found in a mixed sample of students and adults. The 300 subjects represented, half male and half female, were subdivided into three equal subsamples. To demonstrate replicability, the three subsamples were cluster analyzed by three procedures: Nonhierarchical average linkage, minimum variance, and K-means. Four profile clusters were identified and replicated across two or three samples and for all three methods. The results were compared with those reported by other investigators.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Factors common to the ISI and the 16PF inventories.

This study tested for five higher-order dimensions hypothesized to be common to the Interpersonal Style (ISI) and the 16PF questionnaires. A sample of detoxified alcohol dependent inpatients (N = 50) were administered the ISI and the 16PF on two separate occasions. The 31 scale intercorrelations were analyzed by the method of principal axes. An oblique factor structure obtained by use of the Promax procedure confirmed the factors expected. These were interpreted as representing Self Control, Interpersonal Involvement or Exvia, Emotional Stability or reversed 16PF Anxiety, Independence, and Level of Socialization. At least two or three closely similar higher-order factors have been isolated on each of three other popular inventories (PRF, CPI and GZTS). The existence of such common dimensions should facilitate the interpretation and confirmation of distinctive score profiles.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory: analysis and partial validation of a modified adult form.

Determined the factor structure of an adult form of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI), tested several hypotheses related to its content, and assessed the utility of the five derived scores for differentiating psychiatric outpatients from normals. The modified Self-Esteem Inventory and six other scales were completed by 200 local-government employees. A principal components analysis of correlations among 58 SEI items and two marker variables revealed five factors. The rotated dimensions were labelled (1) anxiety; (2) defensiveness; (3) negative social attitude; (4) rejection of self; and (5) inadequacy of self. Fifty psychiatric outpatients were compared with 100 normals with respect to the five derived factor scores. Tests of significance indicated that the two groups differed significantly on all measures except the defensiveness or lie scale factor. It is concluded that the Coopersmith Inventory is complex and measures several characteristics in addition to self-esteem.

Adult↗