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Biomedical subjects

M Low

Publications and source records attributed to M Low.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100) in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

The absorption, disposition, metabolism and excretion study of orally administered 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100) was studied in conventional and bile-duct cannulated male rats. In conventional rats, >70% of the radiolabelled oral dose was retained at 72 h, and lipophilic tissues were the preferred sites for disposition, i.e. adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, skin, liver and lungs. Urinary excretion of BDE-100 was very low (0.1% of the dose). Biliary excretion of BDE-100 was slightly greater than that observed in urine, i.e. 1.7% at 72 h, and glucuronidation of phenolic metabolites was suggested. Thiol metabolites were not observed in the bile as had been reported in other PBDE metabolism studies. Almost 20% of the dose in conventional male rats and over 26% in bile-duct cannulated rats was excreted in the faeces, mainly as the unmetabolized parent, although large amounts of non-extractable radiolabel were also observed. Extractable metabolites in faeces were characterized by mass spectrometry. Monohydroxylated pentabromodiphenyl ether metabolites were detected; mono- and di-hydroxylated metabolites with accompanying oxidative debromination were also observed as faecal metabolites. Tissue residues of [(14)C]BDE-100 in liver, gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue contained only parent material. The majority of the 0-72-h biliary radioactivity was associated with an unidentified 79-kDa protein or to albumin.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Aspergillosis in a North Island robin (Petroica longipes).

CASE HISTORY: A 3-year-old female North Island robin (Petroica longipes) was found dead on Tiritiri Matangi Island during the breeding season. CLINICAL FINDINGS: The bird was in poor condition, and there was a 13 x 8 mm granulomatous mass in the thoracic cavity causing displacement of the heart and left lung. Histologically, the mass was a large granuloma infiltrated with fungal hyphae, and the liver contained multifocal aggregates of inflammatory cells. DIAGNOSIS: Thoracic aspergillosis and multifocal hepatitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Determining the causes of death in populations of wild birds is often hampered by a lack of recovery of carcasses, autolysis and poor clinical history. In this case, the life history of the bird was known and recovery of the body was relatively swift. This is the first published description of aspergillosis in a free-living North Island robin.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Stereotypies and behavioural medicine: confusions in current thinking.

Stereotypies are defined as being repetitive, unvarying behaviours that appear to have no goal or function. This group of behaviours presents itself commonly in clinical behavioural practice. In recent companion animal behaviour literature the nomenclature has been changed to obsessive-compulsive disorder without considering the confusion this may create. Theories about the role endorphins play as a cause of stereotypies and an assumption about stereotypies playing a 'coping' role have been presented as scientific fact with little evidence supporting them. A failure to consider changes associated with stereotypy maturation and a reliance on anecdotal treatment success has lead to confusion regarding certain aspects of the development, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. In this paper I present the idea that much of our confusion surrounding stereotypies is created by attempts to oversimplify a complex phenomenon.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Time course of stress relaxation and recovery in human ankles.

OBJECTIVE: To characterise the time course of stress relaxation and recovery from stress relaxation in human ankles. DESIGN: Two experiments were conducted. The first used a randomised within-subjects design, and the second used a randomised between-subjects regression design. BACKGROUND: Several studies have described the time course of stress relaxation in human joints, but most have looked only at the effects of short durations of stretch. The time course of recovery from stretch in human ankles has not been documented. METHODS: In the first experiment, one ankle of each of eight subjects was stretched to a fixed dorsiflexion angle for 20 min. The ankle was then released for 2 min (during which time subjects either remained relaxed or performed isometric contractions), then stretched again. In a second experiment, on 24 subjects, the ankle was stretched for 20 min, then released between 0 and 20 min, then stretched again. In both experiments, subjects remain relaxed and ankle torque was measured continuously. RESULTS: When a constant-angle stretch was applied to the ankle, torque declined bi-exponentially towards an asymptote that was 58% of the initial torque. Nearly 5 min of stretch were required to obtain half of the maximal possible stress relaxation. Torque had recovered by 43% within 2 min of the release of stretch, but the degree of recovery did not appear to depend on whether subjects remained relaxed or performed isometric contractions. The time course of recovery was similar to the time course of stress relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: Long duration stretches are required to produce a large proportion of the maximal possible stress relaxation. Recovery is initially rapid when the stretch is released. RELEVANCE: These data provide a description of the time course of the effects of stretch, and of the subsequent relief of stretch, on mechanical properties of human ankles.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Calcific myonecrosis: case report and review.

Although a rare diagnosis, with few reports in the literature, calcific myonecrosis is a diagnosis that must be entertained in individuals presenting with expanding masses in the muscle compartments occurring years after an initial injury. The authors report a previously healthy 66-year-old man with an expanding right lower extremity mass felt initially to be an abscess. Despite presumably appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the lesion continued to expand, causing pain and loss of function. The patient subsequently underwent extensive debridement and free muscle flap transfer with an excellent outcome. This patient serves to remind us that, although calcific myonecrosis is an uncommonly encountered condition, it must be maintained in the differential diagnosis of an expanding muscle compartment mass.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of a putative member of the rat opioid receptor gene family that is not a mu, delta or kappa opioid receptor type.

A novel G protein-coupled receptor was cloned by PCR and homology screening. Its deduced amino acid sequence is 47% identical overall to the mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors and 64% identical in the putative transmembrane domains. When transiently expressed in COS-7 cells this receptor did not bind any of the typical mu, delta or kappa opioid receptor ligands with high affinity. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that LC132 mRNA is highly expressed in several rat brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, thalamus, subfornical organ, habenula, hypothalamus, central gray, dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Based on this distribution and its high homology with the mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors, it is proposed that LC132 is a new member of the opioid receptor family that is involved in analgesia and the perception of pain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Influence of physical activity on concentration among junior high-school students.

The level and quality of concentration were tested before and after each lesson in one class session. Two of the four classes participated in physical education activities, and the other two studied science. Each subject matter was studied the beginning and at the end of the school day. The research design was 2 x 2 x 2 factorial (two subject matters, two times of the school day, and as a repeated measure two times of test for each group at the beginning and end of each lesson). The level and the quality of concentration found at the end of each lesson were significantly higher than at the beginning. The subject matters did not influence concentration. It may be concluded that the time of day was the main influence on concentration, so teachers' claims against physical education activity lessons can be rejected. The increase in concentration toward the end of the lesson implies the need for careful lesson planning or even the consideration of increasing duration of lessons.

Attention↗
PubMed1989

A comparative study of Japanese and British BCG vaccine strains in newborn infants.

A prospective study on the British and Japanese BCG vaccines in newborn infants was carried out in which 317 and 285 infants were randomly allocated and vaccinated with the British and Japanese BCG vaccines, respectively. Four follow-up examinations were carried out with an average of 98% of the study cohort attending all sessions. About half the infants did not produce any visible response at the end of the first week. All, by the end of the third month, had characteristic BCG scars with an average diameter of 4.6 mm. A Mantoux test was carried out at six months. A mean skin induration of 7.2 mm (SD 5.3 mm) was recorded. Significantly higher proportions of infants given Japanese BCG were found to be tuberculin convertors (74.7%) when compared to those given British BCG (51.4%). Breast-feeding practices and the mothers' tuberculin status did not influence markedly their infants response to tuberculin.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1984

Questions regarding the sequential neural generator theory of the somatosensory evoked potential raised by digital filtering.

Digital bandpass filtering (300-2500 Hz) designed for zero phase shift was applied to somato-sensory evoked potentials recorded with cephalic bipolar montages. Four consistent negative and corresponding positive peaks with latencies of about 16, 18, 19, and 20 msec were elicited with median nerve stimulation. Peroneal nerve stimulation also elicited 4 reproducible negative-positive peaks having latencies of about 24, 26, 28, and 30 msec. Interpeak latencies measured 1.3 +/- 0.2 msec and 1.8 +/- 0.25 msec for median and peroneal elicited SEPs respectively. Because cephalic bipolar recordings cancel most far-field potentials, multiple generators cannot account for all the additional components seen. It is hypothesized that some of the high frequency components recorded are due to activity in recurrent intrathalamic neuronal networks.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Screening of human brain tumors for SV40-related T antigen.

A series of 39 human brain tumors has been screened for the presence or absence of SV40-related T antigen by the direct and indirect immunoperoxidase methods. Two tumors of ependymal origin (malignant ependymoma, choroid plexus papilloma) revealed markedly positive nuclear staining for T antigen both in vivo and in vitro. The relationship of these tumors to their experimental counterparts inducible by recent human papovavirus isolates is discussed.

Antigens, Viral↗