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Biomedical subjects

M Lujan

Publications and source records attributed to M Lujan.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Prostate cancer detection and tumor characteristics in men with multiple biopsy sessions.

PURPOSES: To address prostate cancer (PCa) detection with respect to the number of biopsy sessions performed, to identify risk factors for detection after a negative biopsy, and to analyze the clinical characteristics of the detected tumors. SCOPE: Only biopsied men (sextant) were included. A total of 1011 biopsy sessions were carried out in 770 men; 172 underwent a second prostate biopsy and 51 a third biopsy. During the first biopsy round, 111 cancers were found (14.4%), 27 in the second (15.7%), and five during the third round (9.8%), P=0.156. Only high-grade PIN or atypia were identified as independent predictors or PCa detection in subsequent biopsies (P=0.008). A nonsignificant increase of clinically localized tumors, and a decrease of metastatic and poorly differentiated cases were found when more biopsy sessions were needed for detection. CONCLUSIONS: A nonsignificant trend to lower cancer detection rates and less clinical relevance of the tumors detected can be observed when more biopsy rounds are needed for detection.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prostate apoptosis after doxazosin treatment in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) model for basic research into benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and to assess doxazosin-induced changes in prostatic structure and apoptotic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four groups of rats were assessed: group 1, 15 SHRs treated with doxazosin; group 2, 14 SHRs with unilateral excision of the major pelvic ganglion; group 3, 14 untreated SHRs; and group 4, 16 intact Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The doxazosin mesylate (0.03 mg daily) was given compacted in rat food for 3 months. The prostatic ventral lobe (VL) was excised and weighed. Stereological light microscopy, multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of prostate caspases, and caspase-3 activity (cellular enzymatic assay) were assessed. RESULTS: There was more development of the glandular epithelium (P < 0.001) in SHR rats than in controls, which was even greater after doxazosin exposure (P = 0.027). SHR animals had higher caspase expression (P < 0.05) and activity (P = 0.008) than WKY rats, but both were reduced after doxazosin therapy (P < 0.01 and 0.028, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed prostate hyperplasia in the SHR model. Doxazosin exposure did not reduce the volume of glandular epithelium and contributed to protecting against caspase-induced apoptosis. The SHR model may be not a valid option to study doxazosin-induced apoptosis in BPH.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Prostate specific antigen density. Is there a role for this parameter when screening for prostate cancer?

The objective of this paper is to validate prostate specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) routine use to enhance PSA specificity in men with normal digital rectal examination and intermediate PSA values. It is a retrospective study of 235 men from a prostate cancer (PCa) screening program. All of them presented PSA values between 4 and 10 ng/ml, normal digital rectal examination, and a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy available (PSA>/=4 ng/ml as the sole criterion for biopsy). Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate higher PSAD values in men with PCa. PSAD cutoff points higher than 0.07 ng/ml per cc were considered as unacceptable, with less than 95% sensitivity. When a cutoff point of 0.15 was considered, as many as 30.6% of the cancers were missed. In conclusion we cannot recommend the use of this parameter for the above mentioned purpose.Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2001) 4, 146-149.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Prostate specific antigen variation in patients without clinically evident prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: We address long-term within individual variation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men without clinical or biopsy evidence of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 943 men from a prostate cancer screening program with 2 PSA (PSA1 and PSA2) measurements available. A third PSA (PSA3) was obtained from 571 men. Only participants with no clinical evidence of cancer were included in the study. Within individual PSA variability was calculated based on indexes of percent coefficient of variation, ratio difference and PSA velocity. The relationship among these indexes, interval between measurements and number of PSA samples was assessed. RESULTS: Mean interval was 670.4 days between PSA1 and PSA2, and 801.8 days between PSA2 and PSA3 (p<0.001). Mean coefficient of variation was 18% after 2 and 15.7% after 3 PSA measurements. Mean ratio differences were -0.047 ng./ml. for 2 and 0.033 ng./ml. for 3 samples. Mean PSA velocity was -0.128 ng./ml. per year for 2 and -0.055 ng./ml. per year for 3 samples, with 95% confidence intervals of 0.634 and 0.315, respectively. Variability was higher if only 2 PSA measurements were done (p<0.001). No clear relationship was found between individual variability and interval between measurements. CONCLUSIONS: PSA velocity is within normal limits in almost all men (more than 95%) without clinically relevant prostate cancer. PSA individual variability is not fully dependent on the time between measurements when intervals are long, and can be substantially decreased with a third PSA sample.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Application of self-expanding stents in prostate cancer with rectal involvement. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVES: Rectal involvement due to local spread from prostate cancer is an uncommon finding. When this condition occurs, prognosis is ominous. Our objective is to report our experience in the use of self-expanding endorectal stents in the management of rectal invasion from prostate cancer. Two cases are presented and a review of the literature is carried out. METHODS AND RESULTS: In both cases, self-expanding Wallstent devices were placed (under fluoroscopic control), in order to solve their episodes of bowel obstruction. It was successfully performed in both patients. Therefore, an open surgery procedure was avoided. CONCLUSIONS: When facing the evidence of a tumor that invades the rectal wall, it is important to rule out the existence of prostate cancer (the surgical option in these patients carries an ominous prognosis). Therefore, we propose this new procedure whose results could be very satisfactory in certain settings.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Behavioral and biochemical correlates of chronic administration of quipazine.

In Experiment 1 groups of rats received single injections of 1, 3, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg quipazine, and their total 24-hr food and water intake after a 24-hr deprivation period was recorded; there was a dose-related reduction of both food and water intake. In Experiment 2 a group of 15 rats received 5 mg/kg/day, SC quipazine during 29 days, and a control group received saline injections. During treatment, all animals were exposed to a 24-hr food and water deprivation schedule, alternated with 24 hr of free access. Food and water consumption was measured 2 and 24 hr after drug injection; regional 5-HT concentrations were determined at 1 and 13 treatment days by fluorometric assay. Beginning the first treatment day, food and water intake decreased, but by the 13th day the quipazine group had returned to normal ingestion levels. 5-HT concentrations were increased in cerebellum and cortex in acute conditions, but after 13 days they had decreased in cerebellar samples. In Experiment 3 we found that the effects of quipazine on food and water ingestion were recovered after 14 days of discontinuing chronic drug administration.

Animals↗