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Biomedical subjects

M Lyons

Publications and source records attributed to M Lyons.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Changes in pathological narcissism.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated types of change that occur over time in the psychopathology of narcissistic patients. METHOD: Baseline scores on the Diagnostic Interview for Narcissism of 20 patients, clinically diagnosed as having narcissistic personality disorder, were contrasted with their scores 3 years later by means of t tests and chi-square statistics. The authors then compared these changes in narcissism with the patients' accounts of their life events during the interval between the two assessments. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the overall level of pathological narcissism was found, particularly in the areas of interpersonal relations and reactiveness. At follow-up, 60% of the subjects had reached the cutoff score on the diagnostic interview that indicated significant improvement, and 40% remained unchanged, with a high level of pathological narcissism. A high baseline level of narcissism in interpersonal relations was associated with absence of change at follow-up. Examination of life events in the interval between assessments suggests that changes in pathological narcissism are related to three kinds of experiences: achievements, new durable relationships, and disillusionments. CONCLUSIONS: The instability of narcissistic psychopathology found in this study raises questions about the construct validity of narcissistic personality disorder as a diagnostic category and about the core construct of pathological narcissism.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Recruitment order of motoneurons during functional tasks.

The recruitment order of motoneurons of first dorsal interosseous (1DI) muscle has been shown to be the same during either isometric abduction or flexion of the index finger. However, it is not known whether this stereotyped recruitment is the same for all functional tasks. This question was addressed by using the 1DI muscle, which contributes to many functional tasks involving the hand and fingers. Single motor units and surface electromyographic activity were recorded from 1DI in three human subjects. Each subject performed tasks of abduction of the index finger, rotation to unscrew a threaded knob and pincer to close a spring-loaded clip. The same motor units were activated for each of the three tasks, providing no evidence for the existence of task groups. The order of recruitment of pairs of selected motor units was the same for each of the three tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Sexually transmitted diseases in the history of Uganda.

First noticed in Uganda in 1863 by a European explorer, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were cited as a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout this century. In 1908 the venereal diseases campaign was launched marking the real introduction of western medicine. By the mid-1920s, the campaign was combined with the medical service but throughout the colonial period (1901-1962) venereal diseases were considered intractable. A 1991 survey revealed alarming incidence rates and in light of the importance of STDs as a co-factor in the transmission of HIV, it is of paramount importance to implement more effective control measures.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1994

Correlation between red blood cell deformability and changes in hemodynamic function.

BACKGROUND: In sepsis red blood cells (RBCs) have been shown to be less deformable (i.e., more rigid) and have been implicated in decreasing nutrient blood supply and possibly leading to organ dysfunction. However, no studies have demonstrated an association between organ dysfunction and rigid RBCs. This study examined cardiovascular physiologic and histologic changes in two different models to determine whether a relationship may exist between RBC deformability and organ function. METHODS: In the following two experiments, cardiac index (CI) was continuously measured, whereas both deformability index and histology were examined at the end of the experimental periods. The first experiment studied nonanesthetized, hydrated rats after a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a slow-developing means of inducing RBC rigidity. In a second experiment animals were anesthetized and received a 20% total blood volume transfusion of either diamide-treated (rigid) RBCs or normal RBCs. RESULTS: CLP-treated animals' CI gradually decreased during 18 hours (232 +/- 60 ml/min/kg to 123 +/- 90 ml/min/kg; p = 0.05), with an increase in systemic vascular resistance (1459 +/- 517 dyne.sec/cm5.m2 to 2337 +/- 1213 dyne.sec/cm5.m2; p = 0.02). Diamide-treated animals had a rapid decrease in CI (86 +/- 7.0 ml/min/kg to 58 +/- 13 ml/min/kg; p = 0.05) and increase in SVR (2269 +/- 373 dyne.sec/cm5.m2 to 3897 +/- 988 dyne.sec/cm5.m2; p = 0.05) from baseline to 120 minutes after treatment respectively. The DI was significantly lower in both CLP and diamide groups (p < 0.03) when compared with control animals. Histologic evidence of subendocardial necrosis was shown in both the CLP- and Diamide-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest an association with RBC deformability and organ function in both septic and nonseptic animal models.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A case report of intracortical hemangioma. A forgotten intracortical lesion.

The differential diagnosis for lytic intracortical lesions consists primarily of osteoid osteoma and Brodie's abscess. A third, less-well-known lesion is the intracortical hemangioma. It has an identical appearance to the two aforementioned lesions on bone scan and radiographs. This case report will describe the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of intracortical hemangioma and how it might be differentiated from osteoid osteoma and Brodie's abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Student perceptions of persons with psychiatric and other disorders.

Policy shifts toward fostering community inclusion of persons with disabilities have brought community attitudes (including attitudes of professionals) into sharper focus as a cause for concern. Using a social distance scale, this study examined the attitudes of cohorts of occupational therapy and business students toward persons with psychiatric and other disorders. Contrary to expectations, occupational therapy seniors did not demonstrate significantly different attitudes from occupational therapy freshmen. Although freshman occupational therapy students expressed a desire to maintain less social distance from persons with various disabilities than did freshman business students, there was nonetheless a hierarchy of preference for persons with certain disabilities over others. This order of preference had only weak stability between cohorts, with persons with psychiatric disabilities consistently ranking among the least favored. It is proposed that occupational therapy curricula attend to students' attitudes toward persons with psychiatric and other disabilities. To this end, certain strategies to enrich students' education are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Problem-solving in the fields: an action-oriented approach to farmworker education about pesticides.

This paper describes two educational programs initiated to address the problems of farmworker pesticide poisoning in Nicaragua and in the United States and Puerto Rico. Both programs utilize a participatory and action-oriented educational methodology known as popular education. The methodology is presented using examples to demonstrate its application to the planning, delivery and evaluation of pesticide education programs. Preliminary outcomes of using this methodology are also explored as well as implications for developing future training programs in the field.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1992

Ethical practice in acute care nursing: are we there yet?

Ethical practice is a necessary component of nursing in today's complex clinical arena. This paper reviews the current status of ethics teaching in nursing education and the role of nurses in ethical decision making in acute care hospitals.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Enabling or disabling? Students' attitudes toward persons with disabilities.

Persons with disabilities are devalued by society. Occupational therapists may be contributing to this devaluation through their attitudes. This study focused on the attitudes of undergraduate students. From a sample of 223 occupational therapy students and 326 business students at an Australian university, it was found, with the use of the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale-Form A (Yuker, Block, & Young, 1966), that the attitudes of freshman occupational therapy students did not differ significantly from those of their business-major peers. Furthermore, the occupational therapy students' attitudes did not vary with the years of undergraduate education completed. However, those students who had had contact with persons with disabilities beyond the context of a caregiver-care receiver relationship (i.e., those students who had assumed roles that emphasized valued attributes of the person with a disability) had significantly more positive attitudes than did those students without such contact. Educational curricula must address the issue of students' attitudes and, in particular, the facilitation of valued social role contact with persons with disabilities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor: verrucous carcinoma of the anogenitalia.

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor is a rare type of anogenital squamous cell carcinoma with a distinctive clinical appearance. We present the case of a thirty-four-year-old man with this tumor, which was excised surgically. Human papillomavirus was detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections with a human papillomavirus 6/11 probe, but not with a human papillomavirus 16 or a human papillomavirus 18 probe.

Adult↗