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Biomedical subjects

M M Abitbol

Publications and source records attributed to M M Abitbol.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Production of experimental toxemia in the pregnant dog.

The aortas of 14 pregnant bitches were treated 1 to 3 weeks before term, producing a stricture that reduced the lumen from an average normal of 7-11 mm to 2.1 mm in diameter. Nine animals developed hypertension, 3 had significant proteinuria, and 1 had fluid retention. Light microscopy revealed moderate or severe glomerular lesions in 9 animals characterized by endotlial cell swelling, mesangial cell proliferation, and focal basement membrane thickening; electron microscopy revealed mesangial enlargement and electron-dense deposits. Immunofluorescence with rabbit anti-dog fibrinogen showed glomerular deposition of fibrinogen or its breakdown products in 11 of 12 cases so studied. Focal necrosis was seen in the liver in 5 cases, and diffuse hemorrhagic infarction of the placenta was present in all animals. None of these changes was found in nonpregnant or in sham-operated controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of modern obstetrics on mothers from Third-World countries.

Mothers born and raised in third-world countries compared to women born in the United States are on average of shorter size, have less weight, have narrower pelvic dimensions, and give birth to smaller infants without much difficulty. This may be due to a low-protein diet and inadequate prenatal care. Those mothers who were born and raised outside the United States (therefore with narrow pelvic dimensions), but who eat a high-protein diet and receive adequate prenatal care after migrating as adults to the United States, give birth to relatively large infants. This results in a marked cephalopelvic disproportion and severe dystocia, which frequently leads to cesarean birth. It appears that nutritional factors during pregnancy and infancy play a role as important as genetic factors in the etiology of cephalopelvic disproportion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of difficult vaginal birth and of cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion in early labor.

OBJECTIVE: A total of 1,692 patients were evaluated in early labor, and predictions were made for easy labor-vaginal birth, difficult labor-vaginal birth, or improbable vaginal birth-cesarean section. METHODS: The prediction was based on clinical evaluation of pelvic dimensions, and fetal measurements by sonography at term. RESULTS: The combined prediction that a patient would have either a difficult labor-vaginal birth or cesarean section was very accurate (362 out of 370, or 97.8%). However, the separate prediction of difficult labor-vaginal birth and a cesarean section was less accurate, although still significant (73.4% and 90.2%, respectively). A similar study on 141 vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) candidates showed that by sectioning electively patients in whom cesarean sections were predicted, the cesarean section rate barely increased. CONCLUSION: Careful evaluation of a patient in early labor could help to recognize the dystocic labor-delivery and early indication for cesarean sections. This would avoid unnecessary and prolonged labor without necessarily increasing the cesarean section rate.

Body Constitution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Umbilical waveform variations in the acutely distressed fetus: an experimental model in the fetal sheep.

In previous experimental studies on the pregnant ewe, umbilical arterial and venous waveform variations, produced by maternal aortic and umbilical cord occlusions of different degrees, were investigated in healthy fetuses (pH > 7.30). In our study, the fetal pH in 10 pregnant ewes was first brought down to below 7.20 with a preliminary series of maternal aortic and umbilical cord occlusions; then the 10 ewes were again submitted to a similar series of maternal aortic and umbilical cord occlusion. There were 24 experimental sessions with series of umbilical occlusions and 27 sessions with maternal aorta occlusions. The differences in waveform responses between these two types of fetuses are characteristic. The acidotic fetus produces more protracted drops in S, D, and venous velocity and, at the end of occlusion, the return to normal is slower with no reactive overflow waveform. In addition, there is a typical venous undulating pattern and no reappearance of blood flow velocity during the umbilical cord occlusion (always observed in healthy fetuses). Another important observation is that the fetal heart rate responses (bradycardia or tachycardia or no fetal heart rate variations) are more erratic in the acidotic fetus and do not relate to the intensity of the occlusion or to the fetal pH. The possible clinical implications of these experimental findings are discussed.

Acidosis↗