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Biomedical subjects

M M Ahmad

Publications and source records attributed to M M Ahmad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Linkage mapping of a nonspecific form of X-linked mental retardation (MRX53) in a large Pakistani family.

Nonspecific X-linked mental retardation is a nonprogressive, genetically heterogeneous condition that affects cognitive function in the absence of other distinctive clinical manifestations. We report here linkage data on a large Pakistani family affected by a form of X-linked nonspecific mental retardation. X chromosome genotyping of family members and linkage analysis allowed the identification of a new disease locus, MRX53. The defined critical region spans approximately 15 cM between DXS1210 and DXS1047 in Xq22.2-26. A LOD score value of 3.34 at no recombination was obtained with markers DXS1072 and DXS8081.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2001

Recrudescence and reinfection with Helicobacter pylori after eradication therapy in Bangladeshi adults.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In developing countries where Helicobacter pylori infection is widespread, posttherapeutic recurrence rates may be high. Many of the limited studies available have methodological problems and show varied recurrence rates. We determined late recrudescence rates, true reinfection, and ulcer recurrence. METHODS: One hundred five Bangladeshi patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease were treated with a triple therapy. Follow-up included 13C-urea breath tests, endoscopy, and biopsy-based tests. In reinfected patients, genomic typing compared pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic strains. RESULTS: Recrudescence, associated with nitroimidazole-based treatment, occurred in 15 of 105 patients (14%) within the first 3 months, but only 8 of 105 patients tested positive 4 weeks after therapy ended. True reinfection was diagnosed in 11 of 105 patients between 3 and 18 months after therapy. The annual reinfection rate was 13%, based on a total follow-up of 84.7 patient years. Ulcer relapse occurred in 2 of 15 (13%) recrudescence cases and in 6 of 11 (55%) reinfection cases, but also in 4 of 73 (5%) H. pylori-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: In Bangladesh, late recrudescence of H. pylori after eradication therapy occurs within the first 3 months. The reinfection rate is high and might influence cost-benefit analyses for determining diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Do taught courses on community medicine change knowledge status regarding clinical epidemiology and biostatistics in medical students?

This study aimed to explore the changes in medical student's knowledge and attitudes regarding clinical epidemiology and biostatistics (CEB) after community medicine (CM) taught courses. All the 3rd (before CM-taught courses) and 4th year (after CM-taught courses) undergraduate students of Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh, were given a questionnaire concerning some introductory level problems on CEB and attitudes towards them. Mean knowledge scores were not statistically different between these two groups: 3.70 and 3.85 (out of 9) on clinical epidemiology; 0.20 and 0.18 (out of 4) on biostatistics; and 3.91 and 4.04 as a total (out of 13) among them, respectively. Most of the 3rd and 4th year students agreed that CEB is essential for smooth understanding of clinical medicine and journals, and asserted to include it in CM-taught courses. Since the current CM-curriculum does not offer any improvement of knowledge among them, well-planned taught courses on it should be included as a component of CM.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Accident characteristics of injured motorcyclists in Malaysia.

This study examines the accident characteristics of injured motorcyclists in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of motorcyclists who are at higher fatality risk and subsequently be the targeted group for the fatality-reduction countermeasures. A total of 412 motorcycle crash victims with serious or fatal injuries were analysed. The results showed that the injured motorcyclists were predominant young, novice riders of less than 3 years licensure and male. A fatal outcome was more likely to be associated with a larger engine capacity motorcycle, collision with a heavy vehicle, head on collision, and collision at a non-junction road. In contrast, a non-fatal outcome was more likely to be associated with a small engine capacity motorcycle, collision with another motorcycle or passenger car, junction accidents, and side or rear collisions.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

Furazolidone treatment suppresses pubertal testosterone secretion in male broiler breeder birds (Gallus domesticus).

We determined the effect of chronic administration of furazolidone (Fz) on sexual maturation of male broiler breeder birds (Ross 308; Gallus domesticus). A total of 20 15-w-old birds were randomly assigned to receive 0, 150, 250 or 350 mg Fz/kg feed daily for 5-w. Blood samples were taken at weekly intervals. The birds were challenged with 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) i.v. at the age of 24 w before slaughtering. Concentration of testosterone in the plasma was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. Testicular tissue was processed for morphometric studies. Testicular weights of the groups fed 250 or 350 mg Fz/kg feed/d were decreased (P < 0.05). Plasma testosterone levels were affected by age (P < 0.001) and dose of Fz (P < 0.001). Mean plasma testosterone levels during and after drug administration were reduced (P < 0.05) by all Fz doses. Human chorionic gonadotropin administration led to poor testosterone response (P < 0.05) in all Fz-dosed groups, but not the control group (P < 0.05). As compared to the control, Fz-dosing reduced the seminiferous tubule diameter (P < 0.05) at the 350 mg/kg feed dose, seminiferous epithelial height (P < 0.05) at the 250 and 350 mg/kg feed doses, and Leydig cell nuclear diameter (P < 0.05) at the 350 mg/kg feed dose. This data suggest that sexual maturation in male broiler breeder birds is adversely affected by chronic Fz-administration. Actions of Fz on sexual maturation probably involve a direct effect at the testicular level.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic population--a pilot serological study in Bangladesh.

Epidemiological reports reveal that H. pylori is distributed among all population in the world. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to see the H. pylori seroprevalence rates among the asymptomatic adults, as yet reportedly no such data available in Bangladesh. Serum samples were collected from 181 consecutive subjects who attended at the health check-up centre of Bangladesh Institute of Diabeties, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka, during the period of August to November 1995 for medical check up. The mean age of these subjects was 30.33 years (range 20-44 yrs). Incidentally all were male and belonged to average socioeconomic class. H. pylori specific IgG antibody level was assayed by an enzyme immunoassay kit ElAgen (Clone system). Among the 181 subjects, 166 (92%) had H. pylori specific antibodies and 15 (8%) were seronegative. No significant difference (p < 0.90) in seroprevalence rates was observed among different age groups. However, the results of higher seroprevalence rates of H. pylori infection in these asymptomatic adult population of Bangladesh are consistent with that of Africa and India.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparative study of three tests (indirect haemagglutination, direct agglutination, and indirect immunofluorescence) for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women.

Sera of 600 asymptomatic pregnant women were tested by IHAT for Toxoplasma antibodies. The positive reactors were further tested by IFAT and direct agglutination test (DAT). The prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies was found to be 27.3% by IHAT, and 58.5% of those found positive were also positive by IFAT, while only 51.8% of them were positive by DAT with 71.34% degree agreement between both tests. So, IFAT was found to be more sensitive than DAT in reference to IHAT and is recommended as a confirmatory test for those found positive on screening by IHAT, DAT, compared to IFAT, gave 69.7% sensitivity and 73.5% specificity. Results support previous findings that IHAT, IFAT and DAT measure different antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Gangrene of the gallbladder.

Two hundred cases of acute cholecystitis were reviewed in order to distinguish the presentation of gangrenous cholecystitis from nongangrenous acute cholecystitis. An incidence of 21.5 per cent gangrenous cholecystitis was found. A review of history, physical examination, and laboratory results showed that the two groups were similar. The average age of those with gangrenous cholecystitis was 67 years, and there was a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant in 23 per cent of these patients. Of patients with gangrenous cholecystitis, fifty-one percent had a leukocyte count above 15,000. The postoperative complication rate was similar between the two groups, and the mortality rate of those with acute gangrenous cholecystitis was zero in our review. It is concluded that because of the clinical similarities between gangrenous cholecystitis and acute nongangrenous cholecystitis, and because of the high incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis in our group, early surgery is indicated for acute cholecystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Energy requirement of roosters as influenced by environmental temperature, dietary energy and age.

Little information is available on the energy requirement of roosters. The voluntary energy intake is reported for roosters exposed to environmental temperatures of 23, 30 or 37 degrees C. while fed one of three diets differing in energy level. There was a reduction in the energy intake as the environmental temperature increased. The data indicated that the energy requirement was reduced somewhat as the birds get older than 9-10 months of age.

Age Factors↗