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Biomedical subjects

M M Ahuja

Publications and source records attributed to M M Ahuja.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Fine needle aspiration cytology, sonography and radionuclide scanning in solitary thyroid nodule.

One hundred and ninety three consecutive patients with solitary thyroid nodule (STN), with a mean age of 36.0 +/- 12.8 years and male to female ratio of 5.6:1, were studied. Ninety five percent of patients came from iodine deficient regions. Seventy two percent presented for local neck swelling, 12.4% for hyperthyroid state and in 7.7% STN was discovered incidentally. Scintigraphically, 77.7% of nodules were cold, 12.4% hot and 8.5% warm. Sonographic evaluation did not reveal any characteristic echotexture diagnostic of malignancy, but detected clinically nonpalpable accessory nodules in 20.6% of patients. Fine needle aspiration cytology was positive for malignancy in 6.2% of patients. Features of follicular and Hurthle cell neoplasm were seen in 12.9% of aspirates. Eighty eight (45.6%) STN were resected surgically. Histologically, there was one false positive and one false negative aspirate and a case of parathyroid adenoma on aspiration proved to be parathyroid carcinoma on histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia among peripubertal girls with hyperandrogenism.

Fifteen girls with severe hyperandrogenism were investigated by us during the last 6 years. Thirteen of these were cases of untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 2 were cases of tumoral (one sertoli leydig cell tumor of the ovary and one adrenal adenoma) hyperandrogenism. Here we present the clinical profile and laboratory data of those with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. All the girls had masculinization of genitalia (clitoromegaly alone 5, clitoromegaly with varying degree of posterior labial fusion 8). Eleven cases had hirsutism and 9 had short stature. Two patients underwent unilateral adrenelectomy with diagnosis of adrenal adenoma. Hormonal profile confirmed the diagnosis of CAH with 21 hydroxylase deficiency (elevated 17 OHP levels with exaggerated 17 OHP response to ACTH) in 12 cases and 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase deficiency (elevated DHEAS and 17 pregnenelone levels and exaggerated DHEAS and 17 pregnenelone response to ACTH) in one case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomography in untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Six children with untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were examined by computed tomography (CT). Three cases demonstrated diffuse enlargement of both adrenal glands with preservation of normal configuration and two showed tumorous transformation in one of the enlarged glands. One had equivocal enlargement of the adrenal gland. Even the youngest in this group (age 2 years) also showed bilateral hyperplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Clinical utility of ketoconazole in cases of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative is known to decrease adrenal steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450 dependent adrenal enzymes. Three patients of adrenal carcinoma treated with ketoconazole, 600-1200 mg daily showed significant fall in plasma and urinary cortisol levels, but no reduction in tumor size, one patient developed liver dysfunction which reverted back to normal on discontinuing the drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Reproductive endocrine functions in men with primary hypothyroidism: effect of thyroxine replacement.

Reproductive endocrine functions were studied in men with primary hypothyroidism during the hypothyroid phase and after achieving euthyroid status with thyroxine substitution therapy. Hypergonadotropism [luteinising hormone (LH), 18.7 +/- 7.3 IU/l; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 6.3 +/- 2.0 IU/l], low serum testosterone (6.1 +/- 2.8 nmol/l), low serum sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; 13.2 +/- 2.0 nmol/l) and subnormal testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin hCG; (30% increase in serum testosterone following hCG) observed during the hypothyroid phase were restored to normal (LH, 7.2 +/- 2.0 IU/l; FSH, 2.7 +/- 0.9 IU/l; testosterone, 12.9 +/- 2.7 nmol/l; SHBG, 26.5 +/- 8.4 nmol/l, and 2-fold increase in serum testosterone following hCG) with thyroxine substitution therapy. Some improvement in sperm count and motility was also observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The Eluru survey: prevalence of known diabetes in a rural Indian population.

Asian Indian migrants have a strikingly high diabetes prevalence but prevalence in India has been considered to be relatively low. However, there have been few recent studies, especially in rural India. A house-to-house survey was undertaken in a defined area of Eluru, a small town in South India, and in four adjoining villages. A total of 9563 subjects (4729 male, 4834 female) were surveyed, of whom 5699 lived in Eluru and 3864 in the four villages. Enquiry was made for known diabetes in each household. In all, 157 known diabetic subjects (89 male, 68 female) were ascertained. The prevalence of known diabetes was 6.1% in all subjects aged 40 or over and rose to 13.3% in the age group 50-59 years. The overall crude prevalence of known diabetes was 1.6% (1.9% male, 1.4% female). The prevalence in Eluru (1.5%) was similar to that in the four villages (1.9%). The age-adjusted rates for known diabetes in the middle-aged and elderly subjects are unexpectedly high, considering the poor socio-economic circumstances, decreased health awareness and decreased access to medical facilities, and are comparable with those of similar surveys in relatively affluent Delhi, and in Southall, London. The prevalence in rural (as well as urban) India may be much higher than previously realised. Large formal prevalence studies are urgently required.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Late-onset adrenal hyperplasia in north Indian hirsute women.

The occurrence of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency was studied in 60 consecutive hirsute women by means of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-stimulated serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels. Five (8.3%) women had an exaggerated response (ACTH-stimulated 17-OHP 3,160 +/- 560 ng/dl). All of them had regular periods and 3 were virilized. The other 2 were indistinguishable from those with idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovarian disease.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1987

Electrophysiological studies in thyrotoxicosis with and without associated sick sinus syndrome.

Electrophysiological studies in 13 patients with thyrotoxicosis (5 men and 8 women, aged 17 to 76 years) are reported. Five patients presented with features of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) (Group A) while the remaining 8 patients (Group B) had no detectable cardiovascular abnormality. Sinus node function (corrected sinus node recovery and sinoatrial conduction time) was abnormal in all Group A but normal in Group B patients. Intra-atrial, artioventricular (AV) nodal, and infranodal conduction time and effective refractory period of atrium were normal in all patients in both groups. Effective refractory period of AV node was decreased in 6 patients (3 in each group). All Group A patients received radioiodine with complete clinical remission of sick sinus state in 4 subjects. Repeat electrophysiological studies in two of these patients, 6 and 12 months after treatment, showed complete normalization of sinus node function. This is the first reported electrophysiological study documenting the occurrence of SSS in thyrotoxicosis reversed by effective antithyroid treatment. We suggest that attempts should be made to identify underlying thyrotoxicosis in all patients with SSS, especially in the older age group. Appropriate medical treatment may prevent unnecessary implantation of permanent pacemakers in such patients.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1986

HLA and autoimmunity in North Indian type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic multiplex families.

The HLA haplotype segregation and autoantibody spectrum in 7 type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic multiplex families of North Indian origin were determined. Of the total of 17 diabetic sibs, 7 shared both haplotypes and 3 shared one haplotype with the proband. No HLA-non-identical sibs were observed. This distribution of haplotypes was non-random (P approximately equal to 0.005). The mode of inheritance was compatible with an autosomal recessive model, while a dominant model was unlikely. Pancreatic islet-cell antibodies were found in 23.5% of affected sibs, but in no healthy family member. A high incidence of other autoantibodies (parietal-cell and thyroglobulin/thyroid microsomal antibodies) was detected in both the diabetic patients (26.3%), and in healthy first-degree relatives (22.2%). These findings emphasize the role of HLA-linked genes and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes in North India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Iodine deficiency and neonatal hypothyroidism.

The incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism, as reflected in cord-blood thyroxine and thyrotropin levels, varied from 0.6% to 13.3% in iodine-deficient and normal regions of India (selected districts of Uttar Pradesh and Kerala and the city of Delhi), depending on the degree of environmental iodine deficiency. In populations with a high incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism, an increased prevalence of nerve deafness and a shift to the left in the distribution of IQ scores (towards lower scores) have been demonstrated. These indications of mild brain damage suggest that nutritional iodine deficiency can present in other ways than goitre or cretinism. Determination of the incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism using dried cord-blood spot screening appears to be the most useful and reliable method to assess the risk of brain damage in iodine-deficient areas.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗