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Biomedical subjects

M M Aitken

Publications and source records attributed to M M Aitken.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The serology of experimental Salmonella dublin infections of cattle.

Agglutinating antibodies to somatic "O" and flagellar "H" antigens of S. dublin were measured in the serum of 43 pregnant heifers before intravenous or oral infection with S. dublin and in the serum of 21 uninfected control animals. The data from these animals were analysed statistically and a titre of 1/80, to both antigens, has been interpreted as of doubtful significance and a titre of 1/160 to both antigens, has been interpreted as significantly raised. Animals in which fetal infection occurred after challenge by either the intravenous or oral route developed significant increases in "H" and "O" titres indicating the value of measure "H" titres in the diagnosis of S. dublin abortion. In animals which were infected orally and in which infection appeared to be confined to the alimentary tract the "H" titre did not become significantly raised. Lack of correlation between antibody titres and faecal excretion of S. dublin and persistence of infection in carcasses confirms that the serum agglutination test is of no value in detecting latent carriers.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1978

Investigation of a cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response as a means of detecting Salmonella dublin infection in cattle.

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions developed 48 to 96 h after intradermal injection of killed Salmonella dublin in 25 of 28 cattle which had been inoculated intravenously, and in five of 10 cattle which had been inoculated orally with S dublin 24 to 493 days previously. Control animals showed no delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Persistence of infection in five of the intravenously inoculated and in four of the orally inoculated animals was confirmed by isolation of S dublin from the carcases at necropsy one week after skin testing. Failure to isolate the organism from the carcases of 21 animals which had reacted positively to the intradermal test did not eliminate the possibility of their being carriers of S dublin. Skin testing was concluded to be a reliable means of identifying animals which had been, and possibly still were, infected systemically with S dublin. However recovered animals might be falsely identified as infected. Repeated testing gave misleading results.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Biochemical and physiological effects of catecholamine administration in the horse.

Adrenaline was given intramuscularly to resting horses. It increased heart rate, sweating, blood levels of lactic dehydrogenase, aldolase, creatine kinase, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids and glycerol. Responses to isoprenaline, to noradenaline and to adrenaline after pretreatment with propranolol indicated that beta receptors were involved in stimulation of tachycardia, sweating, lipolysis and muscle glycogenolysis, and alpha receptors in stimulation of liver glycogenolysis and leakage of intracellular enzymes. The time course and relative magnitude of the effects on different enzymes was not identical to that produced by exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Prophylaxis and treatment of experimental anaphylaxis in cattle by sodium meclofenamate.

Sodium meclofenamate was compared to saline for efficacy in preventing and treating experimentally induced, acute, systemic anaphylaxis in cattle. Respiratroy changes were shown to be reduced to the greatest extent. Lacrimation and collapse were not affected. The timing and routes of administration giving maximum efficacy were those which gave maximum plasma levels of the drug closest to the time of exposure of the animal to the specific antigen.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Plasma levels following administration of sodium meclofenamate by various routes.

Sodium meclofenamate, an anti-inflammatory and anti-anaphylactic agent, was administered to cattle intravenously, orally and by intraruminal injection. Plasma levels of the free drug were estimated fluorimetrically at intervals after administration by each route. Levels fell rapidly, particularly during the first hour after intravenous injection. Differences between those plasma levels resulting from oral administration and those following intraruminal injection indicated that direct passage into the abomasum was achieved by the former method. Simultaneous intravenous and intrauminal injections achieved immediate high plasma levels and maintained levels adequate for efficacy for 24 h.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Induction of hypersensitivity to carboxymethylcellulose in cattle.

Cattle were more readily sensitised than guinea pigs to carboxymethylcellulose. Freund's complete adjuvant enhanced, but was not essential for, sensitisation. Schultz-Dale responses were obtained from pulmonary tissues of sensitised cattle but their sera failed to induce passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Cattle could possibly be sensitised by carboxymethylcellulose contained in drug formulations.

Anaphylaxis↗