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M M Atallah

Publications and source records attributed to M M Atallah.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Immunomodulating effects of halothane in mice.

Twenty mice were acutely exposed to 1.5% halothane anaesthesia for 4 h. The mice were sequentially killed during the first 3 days after halothane exposure. Another 14 mice were chronically exposed to 0.25% halothane for 1 h daily, four times weekly for 3 months. The mice were sequentially killed every week. Acute exposure to halothane anaesthesia resulted in an increase in lymphocyte count per spleen, a decrease in serum IgG concentrations (Day 2), a reduction in spontaneous 3H-thymidine lymphocytic uptake (Day 1), and an increase in concanavalin-A-stimulated uptake. All immunometric assays returned to control levels on Day 3 after halothane exposure. Chronic non-anaesthetic concentrations of halothane exposure produced a decrease in serum IgG concentrations and an increase in spontaneous and stimulated lymphocyte 3H-thymidine uptake. It is concluded that acute exposure of mice to anaesthetic halothane results in a transient depression of the immune response, while chronic non-anaesthetic concentrations produce a differential effect on the two moieties of the immune system, a depressed humoral response and overactive cellular response.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Histopathological changes in pregnant rat's liver following repeated halothane exposure.

Adult white rats were divided into 3 groups; 6 rats each, (two males and four females). Group I was exposed to 1.5% halothane for 20 minutes every other day for 6 exposures. The rats were mated and exposed another 10 exposures. Group II was given 0.1% phenobarbitone in milk one week before, and during the period of exposure to halothane which was similar to the first group. Group III was kept as a control. At the suspected date of delivery, the rats were sacrificed, and specimens were taken from the liver for hematoxylin and eosin stain, PAS reaction and Sudan black stain. Repeated exposure to halothane did not affect the pregnancy rate, but it resulted in hepatic focal and centrilobular necrosis with glycogen poverty and moderate lipid content. The portal spaces showed thick connective tissue and lymphocytic infiltration. Phenobarbitone reduced the pregnancy rate and resulted in 16.5% fetal mortality with more hepatic necrosis and increase in glycogen and lipid content.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Histochemical changes in pregnant rat's liver following repeated halothane exposure.

Eighteen adult white rats were divided into 3 groups, 6 rats each (two males and four females). The first group was exposed to 1.5% halothane for 20 minutes, every other day for 6 exposures. The rats were mated and exposed for another 10 exposures. The second group was given 0.1% phenobarbitone in milk starting one week before and during the period of exposure, which was similar to the first group. The third group was kept as a control. At the suspected date of delivery, the rats were sacrificed and specimens were taken from the mother's liver for estimation of the activities of the enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Repeated halothane exposure decreased the activity of the enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Treatment with phenobarbitone has the same effect on succinate dehydrogenase, but partially spared the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Tacrine-suxamethonium apnea in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

Twelve patients with hepatosplenic bilharziasis were compared with another twelve control group. They were divided into three subgroups of four patients each. The duration of suxamethonium tacrine apnea was measured in the first subgroup, while in the second subgroup, the suxamethonium tacrine apnea was calculated after a previous dose of suxamethonium. The duration of apnea following two successive doses of suxamethonium was estimated in the third subgroup. The plasma cholinesterase was measured in all patients. The duration of suxamethonium apnea was not different following either the first or second dose. Tacrine prolonged suxamethonium apnea in both groups, but the prolongation was more in bilharzial patients. There was no significant difference in the plasma cholinesterase level in either group.

Acridines↗
PubMed1978

Metabolism of halothane after its repeated administration in man.

Metabolism of halothane following its repeated administration, was studied in three patients by estimating the blood bromide concentrations before, during and after halothane anaesthesia. In one patient, the blood halothane concentration was measured during and after its administration. The fraction of halothane metabolised was found to be increased after its repeated administration. This was proved by the rapid clearance of halothane and the increased blood bromide concentration.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1978

Estimation of halothane in tissues by gas chromatography.

Halothane was extracted from tissues by n-heptane and estimated by gas-chromatography using an electron capture detector unit. Variation in halothane concentrations between adjacent pieces of tissue was found. The 95% confidence limits of a single estimation was +/- 10.8% of the mean for liver and +/- 6.1% for the muscle in pigs. The corresponding figures in rats were +/- 9.5% and +/- 3.0%.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does spinal anesthesia affect cerebral oxygenation during transurethral prostatectomy?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is associated with the unique complication of transurethral resection of prostate syndrome (TURS), which is attributed to the absorption of irrigating fluid. This study was initiated to investigate the effects of spinal anesthesia and TURP on cerebral oxygen balance. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for TURP were included. Jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjbO2) was measured via retrograde cannulation of jugular venous bulb. Spinal anesthesia was initiated by 3 mL hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine injected at L3-L4 in the sitting position, producing a block to the T10 dermatome. Hemodynamic measurements and arterial and jugular bulb blood gasometry were performed before and after spinal anesthesia, throughout surgery, and during the postoperative period. RESULTS: A significant decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure after spinal anesthesia was accompanied by a significant decrease of SjbO2 below a preoperative value of 61% +/- 1. Eight patients developed yawning, irritability, restlessness, and nausea toward the end of surgery, and these were considered to be early signs of TURS. These patients demonstrated SjbO2 below 55% and 50% in 63% and 42% of respective data set points. CONCLUSION: The neurologic symptoms in patients undergoing TURP during spinal anesthesia might not only be caused by absorption of irrigating fluid but also by impairment of cerebral oxygenation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perioperative renal protection in patients with obstructive jaundice using drug combinations.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effectiveness of dopamine alone or in combination with mannitol or furosemide in preventing postoperative renal dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice was assessed in this study. METHODOLOGY: Forty patients having obstructive jaundice were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups. Preoperative hydration was performed by infusing all patients 1L of 5% dextrose the night before surgery and another 1L in the morning before surgery. Intra- and postoperative maintenance of adequate intravascular volume was assured by fluid and blood replacement guided by the monitoring of central venous pressure urine output and blood pressure. The 1st group was kept as a control. The other 3 groups received dopamine 2.5 micrograms/kg/min for 2 postoperative days starting before surgery. The 2nd group was maintained on dopamine alone, while mannitol (0.25 g/kg), every 12 hours for 2 postoperative days, was added to the 3rd group. Similarly furosemide (1 mg/kg) every 12 hours for 2 postoperative days, was infused to the patients of the 4th group. Postoperative renal functions were assessed by 24-hour urine output, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and urine to plasma osmolality ratio. RESULTS: All these tests did not show significant changes in the 1st, 2nd and 7th postoperative days. Only transient decreased creatinine clearance and elevated serum creatinine were observed in the patients of the 4th group in the 1st and 2nd postoperative days. This may be attributed to fluid imbalance induced by furosemide in these patients who were older than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that careful attention to perioperative hydration is the cornerstone in preserving adequate renal function following surgery in patients with obstructive jaundice. Administration of dopamine alone or in combination with mannitol or furosemide did not confer more renal protection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma bupivacaine concentrations following epidural administration in kidney transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The typical hemodynamic and biochemical characteristics of kidney transplant recipients may influence the pharmacokinetic profile of bupivacaine following its epidural administration. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis in kidney transplant recipients compared with kidney surgery patients. METHODS: In a prospective open comparative study, 10 kidney transplant recipients and 10 kidney surgery patients received bupivacaine by the lumbar epidural route during the course of their operations. Arterial blood sampling was carried out before administration of bupivacaine and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes and subsequently at 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours, after its administration. RESULTS: The calculated pharmacokinetic variables did not show any significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar epidural administration of bupivacaine is not associated with higher plasma bupivacaine concentrations in kidney transplant recipients than in nonuremic patients undergoing kidney surgery.

Adult↗